Word Studies¶

G239 -- allElouia (Hallelujah)¶

Original: ἀλληλουϊά Transliteration: allēlouïa Part of Speech: Imperative (Hebrew transliteration) Definition: Of Hebrew origin (imperative of H1984 hallal + H3050 Yah); "Praise ye Jah!" -- an exclamation of adoration.

Translations¶

4 (100%) = "Alleluia"

Key Verses (ALL 4 NT occurrences -- all in Rev 19)¶

Rev 19:1 -- "Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord our God" (the great multitude in heaven)
Rev 19:3 -- "And again they said, Alleluia. And her smoke rose up for ever and ever" (second hallelujah)
Rev 19:4 -- "Amen; Alleluia" (the 24 elders and 4 living creatures)
Rev 19:6 -- "Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth" (the great multitude, many waters, mighty thunderings)

Significance¶

This is the ONLY Greek word that occurs exclusively in Revelation 19 in the entire NT. Its Hebrew roots (hallelu-Yah) make it the most ancient liturgical exclamation, found throughout the Hallel psalms (113-118, 146-150). The concentration of all 4 occurrences in one passage creates a unique climactic crescendo of praise. The four hallelujahs mark four distinct speakers: (1) great multitude, (2) same multitude again, (3) 24 elders + 4 living creatures, (4) great multitude + many waters + thunderings.

G1062 -- gamos (Marriage/Wedding)¶

Original: γάμος Transliteration: gámos Part of Speech: Masculine noun Definition: Of uncertain affinity; nuptials: marriage, wedding.

Translations¶

5 (35.7%) = "marriage"
4 (28.6%) = "wedding"
3 (21.4%) = "a wedding"
1 (7.1%) = "a marriage"
1 (7.1%) = "Marriage"

Key Verses¶

Rev 19:7 -- "the marriage (gamos) of the Lamb is come"
Rev 19:9 -- "called unto the marriage supper (deipnon tou gamou) of the Lamb"
Mat 22:2 -- "made a marriage (gamous) for his son"
Mat 22:8-12 -- the wedding and wedding garment
Mat 25:10 -- "went in with him to the marriage (gamous)"
Heb 13:4 -- "Marriage [is] honourable in all"

BLB Occurrences: Mat 22:2,8,9,10,11,12; 25:10; Luk 12:36; 14:8; Jhn 2:1; Heb 13:4; Rev 19:7,9¶

G3565 -- nymphe (Bride)¶

Original: νύμφη Transliteration: nýmphē Part of Speech: Feminine noun Definition: From a primary but obsolete verb nyptō (to veil as a bride); a young married woman (bride), or a daughter-in-law.

Translations¶

2 (28.6%) = "the daughter in law"
2 (28.6%) = "bride"
1 = "daughter in law"
1 = "of the bride"
1 = "a bride"

Key Verses¶

Rev 18:23 -- "the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride (nymphes) shall be heard no more"
Rev 21:2 -- "prepared as a bride (nymphēn) adorned for her husband"
Rev 21:9 -- "I will shew thee the bride (nymphēn), the Lamb's wife"
Rev 22:17 -- "the Spirit and the bride (nymphē) say, Come"
Jhn 3:29 -- "He that hath the bride (nymphēn) is the bridegroom"

Note¶

Nymphe appears in BOTH the Babylon section (18:23 -- voice of the bride silenced) and the New Jerusalem section (21:2,9; 22:17 -- the bride invited). This is TM030 from the revs-06 study: the nymphe bridge between the two contrasting women/cities.

G1173 -- deipnon (Supper/Feast)¶

Original: δεῖπνον Transliteration: deîpnon Part of Speech: Neuter noun Definition: The chief meal, usually in the evening; dinner, supper, feast.

Translations¶

6 (50.0%) = "supper"
3 (25.0%) = "feasts"
2 (16.7%) = "a supper"
1 (8.3%) = "at supper"

Key Verses -- Two Suppers Contrast¶

Rev 19:9 -- "the marriage supper (deipnon) of the Lamb" (blessed are those called)
Rev 19:17 -- "the supper (deipnon) of the great God" (birds invited to eat flesh of kings)
Luk 14:16 -- "A certain man made a great supper (deipnon)"
Luk 14:24 -- "none of those men which were bidden shall taste of my supper (deipnou)"
1Co 11:20 -- "the Lord's supper (deipnon)"
Jhn 13:2 -- "supper (deipnou) being ended"
Jhn 12:2 -- "they made him a supper (deipnon)"

Two-Suppers Significance¶

The SAME word (deipnon) is used for both the marriage supper of the Lamb (19:9) and the supper of the great God (19:17). This creates a deliberate literary contrast: guests at the first supper are BLESSED (makarioi); "guests" at the second supper are CARRION BIRDS eating the flesh of the defeated. Two suppers, two destinies.

G1345 -- dikaioma (Righteous Act/Ordinance)¶

Original: δικαίωμα Transliteration: dikaíōma Part of Speech: Neuter noun Definition: An equitable deed; by implication, a statute or decision: judgment, justification, ordinance, righteousness.

Translations¶

3 (30.0%) = "ordinances"
3 (30.0%) = "righteousness"
1 (10.0%) = "judgment"
1 (10.0%) = "justification"
1 (10.0%) = "the righteousness"
1 (10.0%) = "judgments"

Key Verses¶

Rev 19:8 -- "the fine linen is the righteousness (dikaiomata, plural) of saints"
Rev 15:4 -- "thy judgments (dikaiomata) are made manifest"
Rom 2:26 -- "keep the righteousness (dikaiomata) of the law"
Rom 8:4 -- "that the righteousness (dikaioma) of the law might be fulfilled in us"
Rom 5:16 -- "the free gift is of many offences unto justification (dikaioma)"
Rom 5:18 -- "by the righteousness (dikaiomatos) of one"
Heb 9:1 -- "ordinances (dikaiomata) of divine service"
Heb 9:10 -- "carnal ordinances (dikaiomata)"
Luk 1:6 -- "walking in all the commandments and ordinances (dikaiomasi)"

Contrast with G1343 (dikaiosyne)¶

G1343 dikaiosyne = abstract righteousness, the quality or state of being righteous (80 occurrences). Used for imputed righteousness (Rom 4:6), righteousness of God (Rom 3:21), righteousness of faith (Rom 4:13).

G1345 dikaioma = concrete righteous ACT, deed, ordinance, judicial verdict (10 occurrences). Used for specific acts of obedience.

In Rev 19:8: The bride wears ta dikaiomata (PLURAL) tōn hagiōn -- the specific righteous ACTS/DEEDS of the saints, NOT abstract/imputed righteousness. This is significant: the bride's garment represents lived-out faithfulness, not merely credited status.

G4103 -- pistos (Faithful)¶

Original: πιστός Transliteration: pistós Part of Speech: Adjective Definition: Objectively: trustworthy; subjectively: trusting, believing. From G4102 (pistis, faith).

Translations¶

38 (59.4%) = "faithful"
6 (9.4%) = "a faithful"
2 (3.1%) = "Faithful"
1 = "true"
1 = "sure"
(various believing/believer uses)

Christological Title Progression in Revelation¶

Rev 1:5 -- "the faithful (pistos) witness"
Rev 3:14 -- "the faithful and true (pistos kai alethinos) witness"
Rev 19:11 -- "Faithful and True (Pistos kai Alethinos)" (no longer qualified as "witness" -- now He is Judge and Warrior)
Rev 17:14 -- "they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful (pistoi)"

BLB Occurrences in Revelation: 1:5; 2:10; 2:13; 3:14; 17:14; 19:11; 21:5; 22:6¶

G228 -- alethinos (True/Genuine)¶

Original: ἀληθινός Transliteration: alēthinós Part of Speech: Adjective Definition: Truthful, genuine, real (as opposed to counterfeit). Distinguished from alethes (G227, truthful in statement) -- alethinos means "real, genuine" in nature.

Translations¶

12 (80.0%) = "true"
1 = "a true"
1 = "is true"
1 = "True"

Key Verses in Revelation¶

Rev 3:7 -- "These things saith he that is holy, he that is true (alethinos)"
Rev 3:14 -- "the faithful and true (alethinos) witness"
Rev 6:10 -- "How long, O Lord, holy and true (alethinos)"
Rev 15:3 -- "just and true (alethinai) are thy ways"
Rev 16:7 -- "true and righteous (alethinai kai dikaiai) are thy judgments"
Rev 19:2 -- "true and righteous (alethinai kai dikaiai) are his judgments"
Rev 19:9 -- "These are the true (alethinoi) sayings of God"
Rev 19:11 -- "called Faithful and True (Alethinos)"
Rev 21:5 -- "these words are true (alethinoi) and faithful"
Rev 22:6 -- "these sayings are faithful and true (alethinoi)"

SP037 Arc Connection¶

The word alethinos appears at BOTH the beginning (6:10, "holy and true") and end (19:2, "true and righteous") of the altar vindication arc. The altar cry addresses God as alethinos; the vindication celebration affirms His judgments as alethinos.

G3056 -- logos (Word)¶

Original: λόγος Transliteration: lógos Part of Speech: Masculine noun Definition: Something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic, reasoning, or motive; a divine utterance or the Divine Expression.

Translations¶

115 (42.3%) = "word"
41 (15.1%) = "words"
19 (7.0%) = "saying"
14 (5.1%) = "sayings"
(272 total occurrences, 55 unique translations)

Johannine Corpus Usage¶

Jhn 1:1 -- "In the beginning was the Word (logos), and the Word was with God, and the Word was God"
Jhn 1:14 -- "And the Word (logos) was made flesh, and dwelt among us"
1Jn 1:1 -- "That which was from the beginning...of the Word (logou) of life"
Rev 19:13 -- "his name is called The Word (Logos) of God"

Significance for Rev 19:13¶

Only THREE texts in the Bible use logos as a personal title for Christ: John 1:1,14; 1 John 1:1; and Rev 19:13. All three are from the Johannine corpus. The Rev 19:13 usage is the most militant: the Logos who was "in the beginning with God" now rides a white horse, wears a blood-dipped garment, and treads the winepress of wrath.

Other Revelation Occurrences¶

Rev 1:2,9 -- "the word of God and...the testimony of Jesus"
Rev 6:9 -- "slain for the word of God"
Rev 12:11 -- "overcame...by the word of their testimony"
Rev 19:9 -- "These are the true words (logoi) of God"
Rev 20:4 -- "beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God"

G4501 -- rhomphaia (Sword/Broadsword)¶

Original: ῥομφαία Transliteration: rhomphaía Part of Speech: Feminine noun Definition: Probably of foreign origin; a sabre, i.e., a long and broad cutlass (as opposed to machaira, a shorter sword).

Translations¶

6 (85.7%) = "sword"
1 (14.3%) = "a sword"

Key Verses¶

Rev 19:15 -- "out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword (rhomphaia)"
Rev 19:21 -- "slain with the sword (rhomphaia) of him that sat upon the horse"
Rev 1:16 -- "out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword (rhomphaia)"
Rev 2:12 -- "he which hath the sharp sword (rhomphaia) with two edges"
Rev 2:16 -- "I will fight against them with the sword (rhomphaia) of my mouth"
Rev 6:8 -- "power was given...to kill with sword (rhomphaia)"
Luk 2:35 -- "a sword (rhomphaia) shall pierce through thy own soul also"

Note¶

This is NOT the common word for sword (machaira, G3162). Rhomphaia is the large Thracian broadsword -- a weapon of power and conquest. In Revelation, it is always associated with Christ's mouth (his spoken word as weapon).

G935 -- basileus (King)¶

Original: βασιλεύς Transliteration: basileús Part of Speech: Masculine noun Definition: A sovereign, king.

Key Verses in "King of Kings" Title¶

Rev 19:16 -- "KING (BASILEUS) OF KINGS (BASILEŌN), AND LORD OF LORDS"
Rev 17:14 -- "he is Lord of lords, and King (basileus) of kings (basileōn)"
1Ti 6:15 -- "the King (basileus) of kings (basileōn), and Lord of lords"
Dan 2:37 -- "Thou, O king, art a king (melek) of kings" (to Nebuchadnezzar)
Ezr 7:12 -- "Artaxerxes, king (melek) of kings"

Note on Title¶

In the OT, "king of kings" was an imperial title used by Babylonian and Persian emperors. In the NT, it is transferred exclusively to Christ. The superlative genitive construction (king OF kings) means "the supreme King over all kings."

G2962 -- kyrios (Lord)¶

Original: κύριος Transliteration: kýrios Part of Speech: Masculine noun Definition: Supreme in authority; as noun, controller, lord, master. From kyros (supremacy).

Key Verse¶

Rev 19:16 -- "KING OF KINGS, AND LORD (KYRIOS) OF LORDS (KYRIŌN)"
Rev 19:6 -- "the Lord (Kyrios) God our God the Almighty"

BLB Count: 748 occurrences -- the most common divine title in the NT.¶

G3025 -- lenos (Winepress)¶

Original: ληνός Transliteration: lēnós Part of Speech: Feminine noun Definition: A trough, i.e., wine-vat; winepress.

Translations¶

4 (80.0%) = "winepress"
1 (20.0%) = "a winepress"

Key Verses¶

Rev 19:15 -- "he treadeth the winepress (lēnon) of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God"
Rev 14:19 -- "cast it into the great winepress (lēnon) of the wrath of God"
Rev 14:20 -- "And the winepress (lēnos) was trodden without the city"
Mat 21:33 -- "digged a winepress (lēnon) in it" (vineyard parable)
Isa 63:3 (LXX) -- winepress imagery (Hebrew: gath/purah)

Winepress Chain in Revelation¶

Rev 14:19-20 (winepress trodden outside the city) -> Rev 19:15 (Christ himself treads the winepress). The agent shifts from an angel (Rev 14) to Christ himself (Rev 19).

G4442 -- pyr (Fire)¶

Original: πῦρ Transliteration: pýr Part of Speech: Neuter noun Definition: Fire (literal or figurative).

Key Verses in Rev 19 Context¶

Rev 19:12 -- "His eyes were as a flame of fire (pyros)"
Rev 19:20 -- "a lake of fire (pyros) burning with brimstone"
Rev 20:10 -- "the lake of fire (pyros) and brimstone"
Rev 20:14 -- "the lake of fire (pyros). This is the second death"
Dan 7:9 -- "his throne was like the fiery flame"
Dan 7:11 -- "given to the burning flame"

Connection to Daniel 7¶

Both Daniel 7 and Revelation 19 associate fire with the beast's destruction. Dan 7:9 (fiery throne) and 7:11 (burning flame for the beast) parallel Rev 19:12 (eyes as flame of fire) and 19:20 (lake of fire for the beast).