Word Studies¶

hora (G5610) — "Hour"¶

Original: hora (Greek) Transliteration: hora Definition: An "hour" -- a specific period of time, literally or figuratively; can denote a season, occasion, or decisive moment. Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 108 occurrences

Translations¶

hour (60x, 75%)
time (5x, 6.2%)
an hour (4x, 5.0%)
hours (2x), a season (2x), instant, high time, a short, the eventide, others

Key Verses (Revelation occurrences)¶

Rev 3:3 "thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee"
Rev 3:10 "I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation"
Rev 9:15 "prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year"
Rev 11:13 "the same hour was there a great earthquake"
Rev 14:7 "for the hour of his judgment is come"
Rev 14:15 "the time [hora] is come for thee to reap"
Rev 17:12 "receive power as kings one hour with the beast"
Rev 18:10 "in one hour is thy judgment come"
Rev 18:17 "in one hour so great riches is come to nought"
Rev 18:19 "in one hour is she made desolate"

Significance for Rev 14:7¶

The hora in "the hour of his judgment is come" denotes a specific, appointed time -- not merely a vague period. The aorist elthen ("has come") signals that this hour has arrived as a completed event. The same word links the judgment announcement (14:7) to the harvest announcement (14:15) and to Babylon's destruction (18:10,17,19).

krisis (G2920) — "Judgment"¶

Original: krisis (Greek) Transliteration: krisis Definition: Decision (subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension a tribunal; by implication justice; specifically divine law. Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 48 occurrences

Translations¶

judgment (18x, 52.9%)
of judgment (8x, 23.5%)
damnation (2x)
the judgment (2x)
accusation (2x)
judgments (2x)

LXX Connections¶

Krisis translates Hebrew mishpat in the LXX. Critical connections: - Dan 7:10 LXX uses krisis for Aramaic dina = "the judgment was set" - Dan 7:26 LXX uses krisis for the judgment that sits to remove the horn's dominion - Gen 18:19,25 — Abraham's appeal to divine justice - Isa 53:8 — "He was taken from prison and from judgment"

Key Verses¶

Mat 12:18,20 "He shall shew judgment to the Gentiles... till he send forth judgment unto victory"
Mat 23:23 "judgment, mercy, and faith" (justice as moral category)
Jhn 5:24,27,29,30 Jesus given authority to execute judgment
Jhn 12:31 "Now is the judgment of this world"
Jhn 16:8,11 Spirit convicts of judgment
Heb 9:27 "appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment"
2Pe 2:4,9 Angels and ungodly reserved unto judgment
Rev 14:7 "the hour of his judgment is come"
Rev 16:7 "true and righteous are thy judgments"
Rev 18:10 "in one hour is thy judgment come"
Rev 19:2 "true and righteous are his judgments"

Significance¶

Krisis in Rev 14:7 denotes a forensic, judicial proceeding -- the same kind of judgment depicted in Dan 7:9-10 where "the court sat, and the books were opened." The LXX bridge (krisis = mishpat = dina) confirms the Danielic judgment scene is in view.

euaggelion (G2098) — "Gospel"¶

Original: euaggelion (Greek) Transliteration: euangelion Definition: A good message, i.e. the gospel Part of Speech: Neuter noun BLB Count: 77 occurrences

Translations¶

gospel (64x, 94.1%)
gospel's (3x, 4.4%)
the gospel (1x)

Key Fact¶

Only ONE occurrence in Revelation = Rev 14:6. The single Revelation occurrence carries concentrated significance. Combined with aionios (G166), the phrase "everlasting gospel" (euaggelion aionion) is unique in all of Scripture -- it appears nowhere else.

Key Verses¶

Mat 4:23; 24:14 "gospel of the kingdom... preached in all the world"
Mrk 1:1,14,15 "the gospel of Jesus Christ... repent, and believe the gospel"
Rom 1:16 "the power of God unto salvation"
1Co 15:1 "the gospel which I preached unto you"
Gal 1:6,7 "another gospel: which is not another"
Rev 14:6 "having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth"

aionios (G166) — "Everlasting/Eternal"¶

Original: aionios (Greek) Transliteration: aionios Definition: Perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future as well) Part of Speech: Adjective BLB Count: 71 occurrences

Translations¶

eternal (19x, 39.6%)
everlasting (13x, 27.1%)
of eternal (7x, 14.6%)
others (since the world began, for ever, etc.)

Key Verses¶

Mat 25:41 "everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels"
Mat 25:46 "everlasting punishment... life eternal"
Jhn 14:2 (implied eternal dwelling)
Rom 16:25,26 "the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began"
2Ti 1:9 "grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began"
Tit 1:2 "eternal life, which God... promised before the world began"
Heb 9:12,14,15 "eternal redemption... eternal Spirit... eternal inheritance"
Rev 14:6 "having the everlasting [aionios] gospel"

Significance for Rev 14:6¶

The modifier aionios applied to euaggelion emphasizes that the gospel message proclaimed by the first angel is not new but eternal -- it has been God's message from the beginning. This is the same gospel preached to Abraham (Gal 3:8) and throughout Scripture, now given its final universal proclamation.

hypomone (G5281) — "Patience/Endurance"¶

Original: hypomone (Greek) Transliteration: hupomone Definition: Cheerful (or hopeful) endurance, constancy; steadfastness under trial Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 32 occurrences

Translations¶

patience (22x, 75.9%)
of patience (2x)
patient continuance, the enduring, the patient waiting, in patience, the patience (1x each)

ALL 7 Revelation Occurrences¶

Rev 1:9 "I John... companion in tribulation, and in the kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ"
Rev 2:2 "I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience"
Rev 2:3 "And hast borne, and hast patience"
Rev 2:19 "I know thy works, and charity, and service, and faith, and thy patience"
Rev 3:10 "thou hast kept the word of my patience"
Rev 13:10 "Here is the patience and the faith of the saints"
Rev 14:12 "Here is the patience of the saints"

The Hypomone Inclusio (E077)¶

Rev 13:10 opens the inclusio: "Here is the patience and the faith of the saints." Rev 14:12 closes the inclusio: "Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus."

The opening (13:10) names patience + faith in general terms. The closing (14:12) DEFINES what patience and faith mean: keeping commandments + faith of Jesus. The entire beast-image-three-angels section (13:10-14:12) is bracketed by this inclusio.

Other Key Occurrences¶

Luk 8:15 "bring forth fruit with patience"
Rom 5:3,4 "tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience"
Heb 12:1 "run with patience the race that is set before us"
Jas 1:3 "the trying of your faith worketh patience"

proskyneo (G4352) — "Worship"¶

Original: proskyneo (Greek) Transliteration: proskyneo Definition: To fawn or crouch to, i.e. prostrate oneself in homage (do reverence to, adore). From pros (toward) + kyneo (to kiss). Part of Speech: Verb BLB Count: 60 occurrences

Translations¶

worship (13x), worshipped (12x), and worshipped (7x), to worship (4x), they worshipped (3x), others

The Revelation 14 Worship Contest¶

Rev 14:7 — "worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea" = CREATOR worship (imperative)
Rev 14:9 — "If any man worship the beast and his image" = BEAST worship (conditional)
Rev 14:11 — "who worship the beast and his image" = ongoing BEAST worship (participle)

Full Revelation Distribution (24 occurrences)¶

True worship directed to God/Lamb: Rev 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 11:1,16; 14:7; 15:4; 19:4,10; 22:8,9 False worship directed to beast/dragon: Rev 9:20; 13:4(2x),12,15; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 Ambiguous/Other: Rev 3:9

Significance¶

The proskyneo contest is the CENTRAL CONFLICT of Rev 13-14. The first angel commands worship of the Creator (14:7). The third angel warns against worship of the beast (14:9-11). Rev 15:4 resolves: "all nations shall come and worship before thee." The verb's etymology (pros + kyneo = "toward" + "kiss") conveys intimate, personal devotion -- not mere formality.

aparche (G536) — "Firstfruits"¶

Original: aparche (Greek) Transliteration: aparche Definition: A beginning of sacrifice, i.e. the (Jewish) first-fruit (figuratively) Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 8 occurrences

Translations¶

the firstfruits (5x, 71.4%)
firstfruits (1x)
firstfruit (1x)

ALL NT Occurrences¶

Rom 8:23 "we ourselves also... which have the firstfruits of the Spirit"
Rom 11:16 "if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy"
Rom 16:5 "who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ"
1Co 15:20 "now is Christ risen... and become the firstfruits of them that slept"
1Co 15:23 "Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's"
1Co 16:15 "the firstfruits of Achaia"
2Th 2:13 "God hath... chosen you to salvation"
Jas 1:18 "that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures"
Rev 14:4 "these were redeemed from among men, [being] the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb"

OT Background (H1061 bikkuwr)¶

The Hebrew bikkuwr (firstfruits) was offered at the wave-sheaf ceremony (Lev 23:10,11) and at Pentecost (Lev 23:17,20). The firstfruits were the first portion of the harvest, consecrated to God as a pledge of the full harvest to come. Christ is the firstfruits of the resurrection (1Co 15:20,23); the 144,000 are the firstfruits of the final harvest (Rev 14:4).

parthenos (G3933) — "Virgin"¶

Original: parthenos (Greek) Transliteration: parthenos Definition: A maiden; by implication, an unmarried daughter Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 14 occurrences

Translations¶

virgin (6x, 42.9%)
virgins (6x, 42.9%)
a virgin (1x)
virgin's (1x)

Key Verses¶

Mat 1:23 "a virgin shall be with child" (Isa 7:14 LXX)
Mat 25:1,7,11 "ten virgins... wise and foolish"
2Co 11:2 "I have espoused you... as a chaste virgin to Christ"
Rev 14:4 "they are virgins" (applied to masculine subjects -- the 144,000)

Significance for Rev 14:4¶

Parthenos is a feminine noun applied to masculine subjects (houtoi, "these" = masculine demonstrative). This grammatical tension signals FIGURATIVE usage. The virgins metaphor draws on: - 2Co 11:2 "chaste virgin to Christ" = spiritual fidelity to God - The OT adultery/fornication metaphor for idolatry (Jer 3:1; Ezk 16; Hos 1-3) - The contrast with Babylon, who "made all nations drink of the wine... of her fornication" (Rev 14:8) The 144,000 are "virgins" in that they have not participated in Babylon's spiritual adultery -- they have maintained pure worship of the Creator.

pharmakeia (G5331) — "Sorcery"¶

Original: pharmakeia (Greek) Transliteration: pharmakeia Definition: Medication ("pharmacy"), i.e. (by extension) magic, sorcery Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 3 occurrences

Translations¶

sorceries (2x)
witchcraft (1x)

Key Verses¶

Gal 5:20 "witchcraft" (listed among works of the flesh)
Rev 9:21 "neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries"
Rev 18:23 "by thy sorceries were all nations deceived"

Connection to Babylon's Wine¶

While pharmakeia does not appear in Rev 14, it describes the MEANS of Babylon's deception in Rev 18:23. The "wine of the wrath of her fornication" (14:8) operates through sorcery/deception -- false doctrines that intoxicate the nations. The LXX connects pharmakeia to the Egyptian magicians' counterfeits (Exo 7:11,22; 8:18) and to Babylon's sorceries (Isa 47:9).

thymos (G2372) — "Wrath/Fury"¶

Original: thymos (Greek) Transliteration: thymos Definition: Passion (as if breathing hard): fierceness, indignation, wrath Part of Speech: Masculine noun BLB Count: 18 occurrences

Translations¶

wrath (12x, 66.7%)
fierceness (2x)
indignation (1x)
wraths (1x)
with wrath, of wrath (1x each)

The Revelation Thymos Chain¶

Rev 12:12 "the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath"
Rev 14:8 "the wine of the wrath of her fornication"
Rev 14:10 "the wine of the wrath of God"
Rev 14:19 "the great winepress of the wrath of God"
Rev 15:1,7 "seven last plagues... filled up the wrath of God... vials full of the wrath of God"
Rev 16:1,19 "pour out the vials of the wrath of God... the wine of the fierceness of his wrath"
Rev 18:3 "the wine of the wrath of her fornication"
Rev 19:15 "the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God"

Thymos vs. Orge Distinction¶

In Rev 14:10, BOTH wrath words appear together: - thymos (G2372) = passionate fury, boiling anger -- the "wine of the thymos of God" - orge (G3709) = settled, judicial indignation -- "the cup of his orge" Thymos is the hot passion; orge is the settled verdict. God's judgment is both passionate (he cares about justice) and deliberate (it is a judicial decision, not impulsive rage).

pistis (G4102) — "Faith"¶

Original: pistis (Greek) Transliteration: pistis Definition: Persuasion, i.e. credence; moral conviction; the system of religious truth Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 244 occurrences

Translations¶

faith (153x, 68.9%), of faith (22x), By faith (15x), the faith (10x), by faith (6x), others

Revelation Occurrences¶

Rev 2:13 "hast not denied my faith"
Rev 2:19 "thy works, and charity, and service, and faith"
Rev 13:10 "Here is the patience and the faith of the saints"
Rev 14:12 "keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus"

The Genitive Construction: "pistin Iesou" (Rev 14:12)¶

"The faith OF Jesus" uses the genitive case for Iesou. Two interpretive options: 1. Objective genitive: "faith IN Jesus" (Jesus as the object of faith) 2. Subjective genitive: "the faith BELONGING TO Jesus" / "Jesus' own faith" (the kind of faith Jesus exemplified)

Evidence from parallel construction: - "the commandments OF God" (entolas tou Theou) = commandments FROM/BELONGING TO God (subjective genitive) - "the faith OF Jesus" (pistin Iesou) has identical syntactic structure - If both genitives are read consistently, both are subjective: God's commandments + Jesus' faith - This reading is supported by the prior three-angels study and the hist-12 study

entole (G1785) — "Commandment"¶

Original: entole (Greek) Transliteration: entole Definition: Injunction, i.e. an authoritative prescription Part of Speech: Feminine noun BLB Count: 71 occurrences

Translations¶

commandment (23x, 53.5%)
commandments (12x, 27.9%)
precept (2x), a commandment (2x), others

The Three Revelation Occurrences¶

Rev 12:17 "which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ"
Rev 14:12 "they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus"
Rev 22:14 "Blessed are they that do his commandments"

The Remnant-Saints-Blessed Chain¶

Verse	Group	Marker 1	Marker 2
Rev 12:17	Remnant	commandments of God	testimony of Jesus Christ
Rev 14:12	Saints	commandments of God	faith of Jesus
Rev 22:14	Blessed	his commandments	right to tree of life

The same commandments (entolas) appear in all three texts, identifying the SAME group described with different titles. The remnant of 12:17, the patient saints of 14:12, and the blessed of 22:14 are the same people -- those who keep God's commandments.

Connection to Ark-Law-Commandments Chain¶

Rev 11:19: Ark of the covenant revealed in heavenly temple (contains the law)
Rev 14:7: Creator worship using Fourth Commandment language
Rev 14:12: Saints defined by keeping the commandments
The ark contains the Ten Commandments (Exo 25:16,21; Deu 10:1-5); the judgment proceeds from the law within the ark