Greek Parsing — Rev 13:11-18, Rev 19:20, Rev 16:13¶
Rev 13:11¶
Greek: Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλο θηρίον ἀναβαῖνον ἐκ τῆς γῆς, καὶ εἶχεν κέρατα δύο ὅμοια ἀρνίῳ, καὶ ἐλάλει ὡς δράκων.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Καὶ | καί | G2532 | CONJ |
| εἶδον | ὁράω | G3708 | V-2AAI-1S Aor Act Ind 1st Sg |
| ἄλλο | ἄλλος | G243 | A-ASN Acc Sg N |
| θηρίον | θηρίον | G2342 | N-ASN Acc Sg N |
| ἀναβαῖνον | ἀναβαίνω | G305 | V-PAP-ASN Pres Act Ptcp Acc Sg N |
| ἐκ | ἐκ | G1537 | PREP |
| τῆς | ὁ | G3588 | T-GSF Gen Sg F |
| γῆς | γῆ | G1093 | N-GSF Gen Sg F |
| εἶχεν | ἔχω | G2192 | V-IAI-3S Impf Act Ind 3rd Sg |
| κέρατα | κέρας | G2768 | N-APN Acc Pl N |
| δύο | δύο | G1417 | A-NUI |
| ὅμοια | ὅμοιος | G3664 | A-APN Acc Pl N |
| ἀρνίῳ | ἀρνίον | G721 | N-DSN Dat Sg N |
| ἐλάλει | λαλέω | G2980 | V-IAI-3S Impf Act Ind 3rd Sg |
| ὡς | ὡς | G5613 | ADV |
| δράκων | δράκων | G1404 | N-NSM Nom Sg M |
Key observations: - ἄλλο (G243, allos): "another of the SAME kind" — same beast category as the sea beast - ἀναβαῖνον: present active participle — "coming up" (ongoing process) - ἐκ τῆς γῆς: "out of the earth" — contrasts with sea beast's thalassa origin - εἶχεν: imperfect — had (continuous past characteristic) - ὅμοια ἀρνίῳ: dative of comparison — "like a lamb" (ἀρνίον = diminutive of lamb = THE Lamb) - ἐλάλει: imperfect — was speaking, HABITUALLY spoke (ongoing dragon-like speech)
Rev 13:12¶
Greek: καὶ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πρώτου θηρίου πᾶσαν ποιεῖ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ. καὶ ποιεῖ τὴν γῆν καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικοῦντας ἵνα προσκυνήσουσιν τὸ θηρίον τὸ πρῶτον, οὗ ἐθεραπεύθη ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἐξουσίαν | ἐξουσία | G1849 | N-ASF Acc Sg F |
| πρώτου | πρῶτος | G4413 | A-GSN Gen Sg N |
| θηρίου | θηρίον | G2342 | N-GSN Gen Sg N |
| πᾶσαν | πᾶς | G3956 | A-ASF Acc Sg F |
| ποιεῖ | ποιέω | G4160 | V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind 3rd Sg |
| ἐνώπιον | ἐνώπιον | G1799 | PREP — "before/in the presence of" |
| ποιεῖ | ποιέω | G4160 | V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind 3rd Sg |
| κατοικοῦντας | κατοικέω | G2730 | V-PAP-APM Pres Act Ptcp Acc Pl M |
| ἵνα | ἵνα | G2443 | CONJ — purpose |
| προσκυνήσουσιν | προσκυνέω | G4352 | V-FAI-3P Fut Act Ind 3rd Pl |
| ἐθεραπεύθη | θεραπεύω | G2323 | V-API-3S Aor Pass Ind 3rd Sg |
| πληγὴ | πληγή | G4127 | N-NSF Nom Sg F |
| θανάτου | θάνατος | G2288 | N-GSM Gen Sg M |
Key observations: - ποιεῖ (x2): present tense — ongoing exercise of authority and causation - ἐξουσίαν... πᾶσαν: "ALL the authority" — total delegation - ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ: "in the presence of / before it" — operates in first beast's presence - ἵνα + προσκυνήσουσιν: purpose clause — "SO THAT they worship" - ἐθεραπεύθη: aorist passive — the wound WAS healed (completed)
Rev 13:13¶
Greek: καὶ ποιεῖ σημεῖα μεγάλα, ἵνα καὶ πῦρ ποιῇ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνειν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ποιεῖ | ποιέω | G4160 | V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind 3rd Sg |
| σημεῖα | σημεῖον | G4592 | N-APN Acc Pl N |
| μεγάλα | μέγας | G3173 | A-APN Acc Pl N |
| ἵνα | ἵνα | G2443 | CONJ — result/purpose |
| πῦρ | πῦρ | G4442 | N-ASN Acc Sg N |
| ποιῇ | ποιέω | G4160 | V-PAS-3S Pres Act Subj 3rd Sg |
| οὐρανοῦ | οὐρανός | G3772 | N-GSM Gen Sg M |
| καταβαίνειν | καταβαίνω | G2597 | V-PAN Pres Act Inf |
| ἐνώπιον | ἐνώπιον | G1799 | PREP |
| ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | G444 | N-GPM Gen Pl M |
Key observations: - σημεῖα μεγάλα: "great signs" — same language as Matt 24:24 false prophets - πῦρ... ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνειν: "fire... out of heaven to come down" — Elijah counterfeit - ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων: "in the sight of men" — public spectacle
Rev 13:14¶
Greek: καὶ πλανᾷ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς διὰ τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ποιῆσαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θηρίου, λέγων τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ποιῆσαι εἰκόνα τῷ θηρίῳ, ὃς ἔχει τὴν πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης καὶ ἔζησεν.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| πλανᾷ | πλανάω | G4105 | V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind 3rd Sg |
| κατοικοῦντας | κατοικέω | G2730 | V-PAP-APM Pres Act Ptcp Acc Pl M |
| σημεῖα | σημεῖον | G4592 | N-APN Acc Pl N |
| ἐδόθη | δίδωμι | G1325 | V-API-3S Aor Pass Ind 3rd Sg |
| ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | G4160 | V-AAN Aor Act Inf |
| λέγων | λέγω | G3004 | V-PAP-NSM Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M |
| εἰκόνα | εἰκών | G1504 | N-ASF Acc Sg F |
| τῷ θηρίῳ | θηρίον | G2342 | N-DSN Dat Sg N — DATIVE (for the beast) |
| πληγὴν | πληγή | G4127 | N-ASF Acc Sg F |
| μαχαίρης | μάχαιρα | G3162 | N-GSF Gen Sg F |
| ἔζησεν | ζάω | G2198 | V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind 3rd Sg |
Key observations: - πλανᾷ: present — HABITUALLY deceives - ἐδόθη: divine passive — signs were GIVEN (by God's permission) - εἰκόνα τῷ θηρίῳ: image FOR the beast (DATIVE of advantage) — contrast with v.15's genitive - ἔζησεν: "came to life" — counterfeit resurrection
Rev 13:15¶
Greek: καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ δοῦναι πνεῦμα τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου, ἵνα καὶ λαλήσῃ ἡ εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ ποιήσῃ ἵνα ὅσοι ἐὰν μὴ προσκυνήσωσιν τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου ἀποκτανθῶσιν.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἐδόθη | δίδωμι | G1325 | V-API-3S Aor Pass Ind 3rd Sg |
| δοῦναι | δίδωμι | G1325 | V-2AAN Aor Act Inf |
| πνεῦμα | πνεῦμα | G4151 | N-ASN Acc Sg N |
| εἰκόνι | εἰκών | G1504 | N-DSF Dat Sg F |
| τοῦ θηρίου | θηρίον | G2342 | N-GSN Gen Sg N — GENITIVE (of the beast) |
| λαλήσῃ | λαλέω | G2980 | V-AAS-3S Aor Act Subj 3rd Sg |
| ποιήσῃ | ποιέω | G4160 | V-AAS-3S Aor Act Subj 3rd Sg |
| προσκυνήσωσιν | προσκυνέω | G4352 | V-AAS-3P Aor Act Subj 3rd Pl |
| ἀποκτανθῶσιν | ἀποκτείνω | G615 | V-APS-3P Aor Pass Subj 3rd Pl |
Key observations: - ἐδόθη: another divine passive — permission given - πνεῦμα: "breath/spirit" — NOT the Holy Spirit; a counterfeit life-force - τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου: image OF the beast (GENITIVE) — shifted from v.14's dative - Nested ἵνα clauses: purpose 1 = image speaks, purpose 2 = non-worshippers killed - ἀποκτανθῶσιν: aorist passive subjunctive — "should be killed"
Rev 13:16¶
Greek: καὶ ποιεῖ πάντας, τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους, καὶ τοὺς πλουσίους καὶ τοὺς πτωχούς, καὶ τοὺς ἐλευθέρους καὶ τοὺς δούλους, ἵνα δῶσιν αὐτοῖς χάραγμα ἐπὶ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν τῆς δεξιᾶς ἢ ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον αὐτῶν,
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ποιεῖ | ποιέω | G4160 | V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind 3rd Sg |
| πάντας | πᾶς | G3956 | A-APM Acc Pl M |
| μικρούς/μεγάλους | "small and great" | ||
| πλουσίους/πτωχούς | "rich and poor" | ||
| ἐλευθέρους/δούλους | "free and bond" | ||
| ἵνα | ἵνα | G2443 | CONJ — purpose |
| δῶσιν | δίδωμι | G1325 | V-2AAS-3P Aor Act Subj 3rd Pl |
| χάραγμα | χάραγμα | G5480 | N-ASN Acc Sg N |
| χειρός | χείρ | G5495 | N-GSF Gen Sg F |
| δεξιᾶς | δεξιός | G1188 | A-GSF Gen Sg F |
| μέτωπον | μέτωπον | G3359 | N-ASN Acc Sg N |
Key observations: - ποιεῖ... ἵνα δῶσιν: SAME poiei + hina construction as v.12 — "causes... so that they give/receive" - Three pairs cover ALL social categories: small/great, rich/poor, free/bond - χάραγμα: "mark/brand/stamp" — badge of servitude - ἐπὶ τῆς χειρός... ἢ ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον: "on the hand... OR on the forehead" — disjunctive ἤ
Rev 13:17¶
Greek: καὶ ἵνα μή τις δύνηται ἀγοράσαι ἢ πωλῆσαι εἰ μὴ ὁ ἔχων τὸ χάραγμα τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θηρίου ἢ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἵνα μή | negative purpose: "so that not" | ||
| δύνηται | δύναμαι | G1410 | V-PNS-3S Pres M/P Subj 3rd Sg |
| ἀγοράσαι | ἀγοράζω | G59 | V-AAN Aor Act Inf — "to buy" |
| πωλῆσαι | πωλέω | G4453 | V-AAN Aor Act Inf — "to sell" |
| ἔχων | ἔχω | G2192 | V-PAP-NSM Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M |
| χάραγμα | χάραγμα | G5480 | N-ASN Acc Sg N |
| ὄνομα | ὄνομα | G3686 | N-ASN Acc Sg N |
| ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | G706 | N-ASM Acc Sg M |
Key observations: - εἰ μή: exception clause — "except" the one having the mark - Three-part identification: the mark OR the name OR the number - Economic mechanism subordinate to worship purpose (v.12)
Rev 13:18¶
Greek: Ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν. ὁ ἔχων νοῦν ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου· ἀριθμὸς γὰρ ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν. καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| σοφία | σοφία | G4678 | N-NSF Nom Sg F — "wisdom" |
| ἔχων | ἔχω | G2192 | V-PAP-NSM Pres Act Ptcp — "the one having" |
| νοῦν | νοῦς | G3563 | N-ASM Acc Sg M — "understanding/mind" |
| ψηφισάτω | ψηφίζω | G5585 | V-AAM-3S Aor Act Impv 3rd Sg — "let him calculate" |
| ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | G706 | N-ASM Acc Sg M |
| ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | G444 | N-GSM Gen Sg M — "of a man" |
| ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ | G1812+G1835+G1803 | 666 |
Key observations: - ψηφισάτω: aorist imperative — command to calculate (from ψῆφος, pebble/counting stone) - ἀριθμὸς ἀνθρώπου: "number of a man" — anarthrous (no article), could be "of man" generally or "of a [specific] man" - ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ: spelled out fully — 666
Rev 19:20 (False Prophet Identification)¶
Greek: καὶ ἐπιάσθη τὸ θηρίον καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης ὁ ποιήσας τὰ σημεῖα ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, ἐν οἷς ἐπλάνησεν τοὺς λαβόντας τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας τῇ εἰκόνι αὐτοῦ· ζῶντες ἐβλήθησαν οἱ δύο εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης ἐν θείῳ.
Key observations: - ψευδοπροφήτης (G5578): the earth beast is NOW called "the false prophet" - ὁ ποιήσας τὰ σημεῖα: "the one who performed the signs" — links back to Rev 13:13-14 - ἐπλάνησεν: aorist — "deceived" (completed) - τοὺς λαβόντας τὸ χάραγμα: "those having received the mark" — mark-receivers = deceived - τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας τῇ εἰκόνι: "those worshipping the image" — present ptcp = ongoing worship - ζῶντες ἐβλήθησαν: "living they were cast" — cast alive into lake of fire
Rev 16:13 (Unholy Trinity)¶
Greek: Καὶ εἶδον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ δράκοντος καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ θηρίου καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ ψευδοπροφήτου πνεύματα τρία ἀκάθαρτα ὡς βάτραχοι·
Key observations: - Threefold ἐκ τοῦ στόματος: "out of the mouth of" — repeated three times - δράκοντος... θηρίου... ψευδοπροφήτου: the unholy trinity — dragon, beast, false prophet - πνεύματα τρία ἀκάθαρτα: "three unclean spirits" — counterfeit of the three divine persons - ὡς βάτραχοι: "like frogs" — Egyptian plague connection (Exo 8:1-15)
Textual Variant: Rev 13:18 (666 vs 616)¶
N1904 (Nestle): ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ (666, spelled out) TR (Textus Receptus): χξϛ (666, Greek numerals chi-xi-stigma) Variant detected between texts — Strong's numbers differ P115 (Oxyrhynchus papyrus, ~3rd c.) reads 616 (χιϛ) The majority textual tradition supports 666; 616 is a minority variant