Greek Parsing — Rev 13:1-10 and Rev 5:6¶

Rev 13:1¶

Greek Text: Καὶ εἶδον ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης θηρίον ἀναβαῖνον, ἔχον κέρατα δέκα καὶ κεφαλὰς ἑπτά, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κεράτων αὐτοῦ δέκα διαδήματα, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτοῦ ὀνόματα βλασφημίας.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
Καὶ	καί	G2532	CONJ
εἶδον	ὁράω	G3708	V-2AAI-1S Aor Act Ind Sg 1st
ἐκ	ἐκ	G1537	PREP
τῆς	ὁ	G3588	T-GSF Gen Sg F
θαλάσσης	θάλασσα	G2281	N-GSF Gen Sg F
θηρίον	θηρίον	G2342	N-ASN Acc Sg N
ἀναβαῖνον	ἀναβαίνω	G305	V-PAP-ASN Pres Act Ptcp Acc Sg N
ἔχον	ἔχω	G2192	V-PAP-ASN Pres Act Ptcp Acc Sg N
κέρατα	κέρας	G2768	N-APN Acc Pl N
δέκα	δέκα	G1176	A-NUI
κεφαλὰς	κεφαλή	G2776	N-APF Acc Pl F
ἑπτά	ἑπτά	G2033	A-NUI
ἐπὶ	ἐπί	G1909	PREP
τῶν κεράτων	κέρας	G2768	N-GPN Gen Pl N
αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	G846	P-GSN Gen Sg N
δέκα	δέκα	G1176	A-NUI
διαδήματα	διάδημα	G1238	N-APN Acc Pl N
ἐπὶ	ἐπί	G1909	PREP
τὰς κεφαλὰς	κεφαλή	G2776	N-APF Acc Pl F
αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	G846	P-GSN Gen Sg N
ὀνόματα	ὄνομα	G3686	N-APN Acc Pl N
βλασφημίας	βλασφημία	G988	N-GSF Gen Sg F

Key observations: - θηρίον (G2342) = "beast/wild animal" in accusative — object of εἶδον - ἀναβαῖνον = present active participle — beast is actively rising - ὀνόματα βλασφημίας = "names of blasphemy" — ὀνόματα (plural) with βλασφημίας (genitive singular) = attributive genitive - διαδήματα (G1238) = royal diadems (not stephanos/victor wreath) — on the horns, not on heads

Rev 13:2¶

Greek Text: καὶ τὸ θηρίον ὃ εἶδον ἦν ὅμοιον παρδάλει, καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὡς ἄρκου, καὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ὡς στόμα λέοντος. καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ δράκων τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
τὸ θηρίον	θηρίον	G2342	N-NSN Nom Sg N
ὃ	ὅς	G3739	R-ASN Acc Sg N
εἶδον	ὁράω	G3708	V-2AAI-1S Aor Act Ind 1st
ἦν	εἰμί	G1510	V-IAI-3S Impf Act Ind 3rd
ὅμοιον	ὅμοιος	G3664	A-NSN Nom Sg N
παρδάλει	πάρδαλις	G3917	N-DSF Dat Sg F — leopard
οἱ πόδες	πούς	G4228	N-NPM Nom Pl M — feet
ὡς	ὡς	G5613	ADV — "as"
ἄρκου	ἄρκος	G715	N-GSF Gen Sg F — bear
τὸ στόμα	στόμα	G4750	N-NSN Nom Sg N — mouth
λέοντος	λέων	G3023	N-GSM Gen Sg M — lion
ἔδωκεν	δίδωμι	G1325	V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind 3rd — "gave"
ὁ δράκων	δράκων	G1404	N-NSM Nom Sg M — dragon (subject)
τὴν δύναμιν	δύναμις	G1411	N-ASF Acc Sg F — power
τὸν θρόνον	θρόνος	G2362	N-ASM Acc Sg M — throne/seat
ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην	ἐξουσία + μέγας	G1849+G3173	N-ASF + A-ASF — great authority

Key observations: - Reverse order: leopard (Dan 7:6), bear (Dan 7:5), lion (Dan 7:4) — backward through Daniel - Threefold delegation with definite articles: τὴν δύναμιν (THE power), τὸν θρόνον (THE throne), ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην (great authority — anarthrous, qualitative) - ἔδωκεν = aorist = completed action, not ongoing

Rev 13:3¶

Greek Text: καὶ μίαν ἐκ τῶν κεφαλῶν αὐτοῦ ὡς ἐσφαγμένην εἰς θάνατον, καὶ ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ ἐθεραπεύθη. καὶ ἐθαυμάσθη ὅλη ἡ γῆ ὀπίσω τοῦ θηρίου,

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
μίαν	εἷς	G1520	A-ASF Acc Sg F — "one"
ἐκ τῶν κεφαλῶν	κεφαλή	G2776	N-GPF Gen Pl F — "of the heads"
ὡς	ὡς	G5613	ADV — "as if"
ἐσφαγμένην	σφάζω	G4969	V-RPP-ASF Perf Pass Ptcp Acc Sg F — "having been slain"
εἰς θάνατον	θάνατος	G2288	N-ASM — "unto death"
ἡ πληγὴ	πληγή	G4127	N-NSF Nom Sg F — "the wound/plague"
τοῦ θανάτου	θάνατος	G2288	N-GSM Gen Sg M — "of death"
ἐθεραπεύθη	θεραπεύω	G2323	V-API-3S Aor Pass Ind 3rd — "was healed"
ἐθαυμάσθη	θαυμάζω	G2296	V-API-3S Aor Pass Ind 3rd — "wondered/marveled"
ὅλη ἡ γῆ	ὅλος + γῆ	G3650+G1093	"the whole earth"

Critical observation: - ἐσφαγμένην (G4969 sphazo) = SAME verb as Rev 5:6 "Lamb as it had been slain" (ἐσφαγμένον) - Both are perfect passive participles — denoting a continuing state resulting from past action - The beast's wound MIMICS the Lamb's slaughter — deliberate counterfeit of death-and-resurrection - ὡς = "as if" — the wound is LIKE a slaughter, not necessarily actual death

Rev 13:4¶

Greek Text: καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ δράκοντι ὅτι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ θηρίῳ λέγοντες Τίς ὅμοιος τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ τίς δύναται πολεμῆσαι μετ' αὐτοῦ;

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
προσεκύνησαν	προσκυνέω	G4352	V-AAI-3P Aor Act Ind Pl 3rd — "they worshipped"
τῷ δράκοντι	δράκων	G1404	N-DSM Dat Sg M — "the dragon"
ἔδωκεν	δίδωμι	G1325	V-AAI-3S — "gave"
τὴν ἐξουσίαν	ἐξουσία	G1849	N-ASF — "the authority"
τῷ θηρίῳ	θηρίον	G2342	N-DSN Dat Sg N — "to the beast"
προσεκύνησαν	προσκυνέω	G4352	V-AAI-3P — "they worshipped" (2nd time)
Τίς ὅμοιος	τίς + ὅμοιος	G5101+G3664	"Who [is] like?"
δύναται	δύναμαι	G1410	V-PNI-3S — "is able"
πολεμῆσαι	πολεμέω	G4170	V-AAN Aor Act Inf — "to make war"

Key observations: - Double proskyneo: first to dragon, then to beast — worship of both - "Who is like the beast?" (Τίς ὅμοιος τῷ θηρίῳ) echoes OT: "Who is like unto thee, O LORD?" (Exo 15:11); Psa 113:5; and the name Michael = "Who is like God?" - This is blasphemous parody — ascribing to the beast what belongs to God

Rev 13:5¶

Greek Text: καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ στόμα λαλοῦν μεγάλα καὶ βλασφημίας, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἐξουσία ποιῆσαι μῆνας τεσσεράκοντα δύο.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ἐδόθη	δίδωμι	G1325	V-API-3S Aor Pass Ind 3rd — "was given" (divine passive)
στόμα	στόμα	G4750	N-NSN — "mouth"
λαλοῦν	λαλέω	G2980	V-PAP-NSN Pres Act Ptcp — "speaking"
μεγάλα	μέγας	G3173	A-APN Acc Pl N — "great things"
βλασφημίας	βλασφημία	G988	N-APF Acc Pl F — "blasphemies"
ἐδόθη	δίδωμι	G1325	V-API-3S — "was given" (2nd divine passive)
ἐξουσία	ἐξουσία	G1849	N-NSF — "authority"
ποιῆσαι	ποιέω	G4160	V-AAN Aor Act Inf — "to act/do"
μῆνας τεσσεράκοντα δύο	μήν + 40 + 2	G3376+G5062+G1417	"months forty-two"

Critical observation: - στόμα λαλοῦν μεγάλα = "mouth speaking great things" = VERBATIM from LXX Dan 7:8,20 - Double ἐδόθη (divine passive) — beast's authority is GOD-PERMITTED, not self-generated - 42 months = 3.5 years = 1260 days = "time, times, half a time" (Dan 7:25)

Rev 13:6¶

Greek Text: καὶ ἤνοιξεν τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ εἰς βλασφημίας πρὸς τὸν Θεόν, βλασφημῆσαι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ, τοὺς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ σκηνοῦντας.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ἤνοιξεν	ἀνοίγω	G455	V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind — "opened"
τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ	στόμα	G4750	"his mouth"
εἰς βλασφημίας	βλασφημία	G988	N-APF — "unto blasphemies"
πρὸς τὸν Θεόν	θεός	G2316	"against God"
βλασφημῆσαι	βλασφημέω	G987	V-AAN Aor Act Inf — "to blaspheme"
τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	ὄνομα	G3686	"his name"
τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ	σκηνή	G4633	N-ASF — "his tabernacle"
τοὺς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ σκηνοῦντας	σκηνόω	G4637	V-PAP-APM — "those tabernacling in heaven"

Key observations: - Three targets of blasphemy: (1) God's NAME, (2) God's TABERNACLE (σκηνή), (3) those dwelling in heaven - σκηνή (G4633) is the same word used for the tabernacle/sanctuary throughout Hebrews (8:2; 9:11) - σκηνοῦντας (G4637, from σκηνόω) = "those tabernacling" — same verb as John 1:14 "the Word dwelt among us" (eskēnōsen) - Connection to Dan 8:10-12: the little horn attacks the host of heaven, the prince, and the sanctuary

Rev 13:7¶

Greek Text: καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ποιῆσαι πόλεμον μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων καὶ νικῆσαι αὐτούς, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἐξουσία ἐπὶ πᾶσαν φυλὴν καὶ λαὸν καὶ γλῶσσαν καὶ ἔθνος.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ἐδόθη	δίδωμι	G1325	V-API-3S — divine passive
ποιῆσαι πόλεμον	ποιέω + πόλεμος	G4160+G4171	"to make war"
μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων	ἅγιος	G40	A-GPM — "with the saints"
νικῆσαι	νικάω	G3528	V-AAN Aor Act Inf — "to overcome"
ἐδόθη	δίδωμι	G1325	V-API-3S — divine passive (3rd in this pericope)
ἐξουσία	ἐξουσία	G1849	N-NSF — "authority"
πᾶσαν φυλὴν	φυλή	G5443	N-ASF — "every tribe"
λαὸν	λαός	G2992	N-ASM — "people"
γλῶσσαν	γλῶσσα	G1100	N-ASF — "tongue"
ἔθνος	ἔθνος	G1484	N-ASN — "nation"

Key observations: - Parallel to Dan 7:21: "the horn made war with the saints and prevailed against them" - νικῆσαι (nikao, overcome) = same verb chain across Revelation: 2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 6:2; 11:7; 12:11; 13:7; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7 - Fourfold universal formula: φυλὴν + λαὸν + γλῶσσαν + ἔθνος = counterfeit of Dan 7:14's universal authority - Same formula in Rev 5:9; 7:9; 10:11; 14:6 — the beast claims what belongs to the Lamb and the gospel

Rev 13:8¶

Greek Text: καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, οὗ οὐ γέγραπται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Ἀρνίου τοῦ ἐσφαγμένου ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
προσκυνήσουσιν	προσκυνέω	G4352	V-FAI-3P Fut Act Ind — "will worship"
πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες	κατοικέω	G2730	V-PAP-NPM — "all those dwelling"
ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	γῆ	G1093	"upon the earth"
οὐ γέγραπται	γράφω	G1125	V-RPI-3S Perf Pass Ind — "has not been written"
τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	ὄνομα	G3686	"his name"
ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ	βιβλίον	G975	N-DSN — "in the book"
τῆς ζωῆς	ζωή	G2222	N-GSF — "of life"
τοῦ Ἀρνίου	ἀρνίον	G721	N-GSN — "of the Lamb"
τοῦ ἐσφαγμένου	σφάζω	G4969	V-RPP-GSN Perf Pass Ptcp — "the one having been slain"
ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	καταβολή + κόσμος	G2602+G2889	"from the foundation of the world"

Critical grammatical question: - Does "from the foundation of the world" modify "slain" (the Lamb slain from the foundation) or "written" (names written from the foundation)? - Compare Rev 17:8: "whose names were not written in the book of life FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE WORLD, when they behold the beast..." — in 17:8, "from the foundation" clearly modifies "written" - The genitive chain τοῦ Ἀρνίου τοῦ ἐσφαγμένου ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου places "from the foundation" closest to ἐσφαγμένου (slain), but Rev 17:8 establishes a parallel pattern where it modifies "written" - Both readings are theologically coherent: the Lamb was foreordained before the foundation (1 Pet 1:20)

Rev 13:9¶

Greek Text: Εἴ τις ἔχει οὖς, ἀκουσάτω.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
Εἴ	εἰ	G1487	COND — "If"
τις	τὶς	G5100	X-NSM — "anyone"
ἔχει	ἔχω	G2192	V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind — "has"
οὖς	οὖς	G3775	N-ASN — "ear"
ἀκουσάτω	ἀκούω	G191	V-AAM-3S Aor Act Impv — "let him hear"

Key observation: - This echoes the churches' formula (Rev 2:7,11,17,29; 3:6,13,22) but is SHORTER - The churches' formula adds: "what the Spirit saith unto the churches" - Here only: "If any man have an ear, let him hear" — the Spirit clause is ABSENT - This may signal a broader audience than the seven churches

Rev 13:10¶

Greek Text: εἴ τις εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν, εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν ὑπάγει· εἴ τις ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀποκτενεῖ, δεῖ αὐτὸν ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀποκτανθῆναι. Ὧδέ ἐστιν ἡ ὑπομονὴ καὶ ἡ πίστις τῶν ἁγίων.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν	αἰχμαλωσία	G161	N-ASF — "into captivity"
ὑπάγει	ὑπάγω	G5217	V-PAI-3S — "he goes"
ἐν μαχαίρῃ	μάχαιρα	G3162	N-DSF — "with a sword"
ἀποκτενεῖ	ἀποκτείνω	G615	V-FAI-3S Fut Act Ind — "will kill"
δεῖ	δεῖ	G1163	V-PAI-3S — "it is necessary"
ἀποκτανθῆναι	ἀποκτείνω	G615	V-APN Aor Pass Inf — "to be killed"
Ὧδέ	ὧδε	G5602	ADV — "Here"
ἐστιν	εἰμί	G1510	V-PAI-3S — "is"
ἡ ὑπομονὴ	ὑπομονή	G5281	N-NSF — "the patience/endurance"
ἡ πίστις	πίστις	G4102	N-NSF — "the faith"
τῶν ἁγίων	ἅγιος	G40	A-GPM — "of the saints"

Key observations: - TEXTUAL VARIANT: N1904 reads "if anyone is for captivity, into captivity he goes; if anyone with the sword will kill, he must with the sword be killed" — this is closer to Jer 15:2; 43:11 - The KJV/TR reads differently: "He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity" — makes the persecutor the subject - ὑπομονή + πίστις = "patience/endurance and faith" — this forms an INCLUSIO with Rev 14:12 ("Here is the patience of the saints") - The inclusio brackets the entire beast narrative (13:10 → 14:12)

Rev 5:6 (Comparison — Lamb Slain)¶

Greek Text: Καὶ εἶδον ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ θρόνου... Ἀρνίον ἑστηκὸς ὡς ἐσφαγμένον

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
Ἀρνίον	ἀρνίον	G721	N-ASN — "Lamb" (diminutive)
ἑστηκὸς	ἵστημι	G2476	V-RAP-ASN Perf Act Ptcp — "standing"
ὡς	ὡς	G5613	ADV — "as if"
ἐσφαγμένον	σφάζω	G4969	V-RPP-ASN Perf Pass Ptcp — "having been slain"

CRITICAL PARALLEL: - Rev 5:6: ὡς ἐσφαγμένον (as if having been slain) — the LAMB - Rev 13:3: ὡς ἐσφαγμένην (as if having been slain) — the beast's HEAD - SAME verb (σφάζω G4969), SAME tense (perfect passive participle), SAME introductory particle (ὡς) - But the Lamb STANDS (ἑστηκός, perfect active = alive), while the beast's wound is HEALED (ἐθεραπεύθη) - This is a deliberate counterfeit death-and-resurrection: the beast mimics the Lamb's pattern