Greek Parsing — Rev 10:1-11 and Rev 11:1-14¶
Rev 10:1¶
Greek: Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον ἰσχυρὸν καταβαίνοντα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, περιβεβλημένον νεφέλην, καὶ ἡ ἶρις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὡς στῦλοι πυρός,
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| εἶδον | ὁράω | G3708 | V-2AAI-1S (Aorist Active Indicative 1st Sg) |
| ἄλλον | ἄλλος | G243 | A-ASM (Acc Sg Masc) |
| ἄγγελον | ἄγγελος | G32 | N-ASM |
| ἰσχυρὸν | ἰσχυρός | G2478 | A-ASM |
| καταβαίνοντα | καταβαίνω | G2597 | V-PAP-ASM (Present Active Participle) |
| περιβεβλημένον | περιβάλλω | G4016 | V-RPP-ASM (Perfect Passive Participle) — "having been clothed" |
| ἶρις | ἶρις | G2463 | N-NSF — rainbow |
| πρόσωπον | πρόσωπον | G4383 | N-NSN — face |
| ἥλιος | ἥλιος | G2246 | N-NSM — sun |
| πόδες | πούς | G4228 | N-NPM — feet |
| στῦλοι | στῦλος | G4769 | N-NPM — pillars |
| πυρός | πῦρ | G4442 | N-GSN — of fire |
Key notes: περιβεβλημένον (perfect passive) = permanently clothed. καταβαίνοντα (present participle) = in the act of descending. The angel is described with four features: cloud-clothed, rainbow-crowned, sun-faced, fire-pillar-footed.
Rev 10:2¶
Greek: καὶ ἔχων ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ βιβλαρίδιον ἠνεῳγμένον...
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἔχων | ἔχω | G2192 | V-PAP-NSM (Present Active Participle) — "having" |
| βιβλαρίδιον | βιβλαρίδιον | G974 | N-ASN — little scroll |
| ἠνεῳγμένον | ἀνοίγω | G455 | V-RPP-ASN (Perfect Passive Participle) — "having been opened" |
| ἔθηκεν | τίθημι | G5087 | V-AAI-3S — "he placed" |
| δεξιὸν | δεξιός | G1188 | A-ASM — right |
| θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | G2281 | N-GSF — sea |
| εὐώνυμον | εὐώνυμος | G2176 | A-ASM — left |
| γῆς | γῆ | G1093 | N-GSF — earth |
Key notes: ἠνεῳγμένον (perfect passive participle) = opened and remaining open. This is the state resulting from the Lamb's opening of the seals (Rev 5-8). The book is OPEN — not being opened, but in a completed state of openness.
Rev 10:3-4¶
Key words: - ἔκραξεν (κράζω G2896, Aorist) — "cried out" with a great voice - μυκᾶται (μυκάομαι G3455, Present M/P) — "bellows/roars" (lion simile) - ἐλάλησαν (λαλέω G2980, Aorist) — the seven thunders "spoke" - Σφράγισον (σφραγίζω G4972, Aorist Active Imperative) — "SEAL UP" — the ONLY sealed content in all of Revelation - μὴ... γράψῃς (γράφω G1125, Aorist Active Subjunctive) — "do not write" — prohibition with subjunctive
Rev 10:5-6¶
Key words: - ἦρεν (αἴρω G142, Aorist) — "lifted up" his hand to heaven - ὤμοσεν (ὀμνύω G3660, Aorist) — "swore" by the living One - ζῶντι (ζάω G2198, Present Active Participle) — "the One living" forever - ἔκτισεν (κτίζω G2936, Aorist) — "who created" heaven, earth, sea (three domains) - χρόνος (G5550) — "time" / "delay" - οὐκέτι (G3765) — "no longer" - ἔσται (εἰμί G1510, Future Middle) — "shall be"
Critical note: χρόνος οὐκέτι ἔσται — "time shall be no longer" or "there shall be no more delay." The word chronos can mean either chronological time or delay/interval. The oath parallels Dan 12:7 where the man in linen lifts BOTH hands and swears by the Eternal One.
Rev 10:7¶
Key words: - ἑβδόμου ἀγγέλου — "seventh angel" - μέλλῃ σαλπίζειν — "is about to trumpet" (subjunctive + infinitive) - ἐτελέσθη (τελέω G5055, Aorist Passive) — "was/should be finished" — the mystery - μυστήριον (G3466) — "mystery" of God - εὐηγγέλισεν (εὐαγγελίζω G2097, Aorist) — "he proclaimed as good news" to his servants the prophets
Critical note: The aorist passive ἐτελέσθη can be read as proleptic/prophetic aorist — treating the future completion as already accomplished.
Rev 10:8¶
Key words: - πάλιν (G3825) — "again" — the voice speaks a SECOND time - βιβλίον (G975) — Note: the heavenly voice uses BIBLION (not biblaridion) for the same book - ἠνεῳγμένον (G455, Perfect Passive Participle) — "having been opened" — repeated from v.2
Rev 10:9-10¶
Key words: - βιβλαρίδιον (G974) — John reverts to the diminutive when he speaks - κατάφαγε (κατεσθίω G2719, Aorist Active Imperative) — "devour completely" (kata- prefix intensifies) - πικρανεῖ (πικραίνω G4087, Future Active) — "it will make bitter" - κοιλίαν (κοιλία G2836) — "belly/stomach" - γλυκὺ (γλυκύς G1099) — "sweet" - μέλι (G3192) — "honey" - ἐπικράνθη (πικραίνω G4087, Aorist Passive) — "was made bitter"
Critical sequence: Angel says: sweet in mouth THEN bitter in belly. John's experience: sweet in mouth (confirms) AND THEN bitter in belly (confirms). The sequence matches exactly — Ezek 3:3 had ONLY sweetness; Rev adds the bitterness.
Rev 10:11¶
Key words: - λέγουσίν (λέγω G3004, Present Active 3rd Pl) — "they say" — plural speakers - Δεῖ (G1163, Present Active) — "it is necessary" — divine necessity - πάλιν (G3825) — "AGAIN" — repeated prophetic commission - προφητεῦσαι (προφητεύω G4395, Aorist Active Infinitive) — "to prophesy" - ἐπὶ λαοῖς... ἔθνεσιν... γλώσσαις... βασιλεῦσιν — "concerning peoples and nations and tongues and kings" — fourfold universal scope
Rev 11:1¶
Key words: - ἐδόθη (δίδωμι G1325, Aorist Passive) — "was given" — divine passive - κάλαμος (G2563) — "reed/measuring rod" - ῥάβδῳ (ῥάβδος G4464) — "rod/staff" — symbol of authority - μέτρησον (μετρέω G3354, Aorist Active Imperative) — "MEASURE!" — command - ναὸν (ναός G3485) — "temple/inner sanctuary" (NOT hieron) - θυσιαστήριον (G2379) — "altar" - προσκυνοῦντας (προσκυνέω G4352, Present Active Participle) — "the ones worshipping"
Rev 11:2¶
Key words: - αὐλὴν (αὐλή G833) — "courtyard" — the outer court - ἔξωθεν (G1855) — "outside" (repeated twice for emphasis) - ἔκβαλε (ἐκβάλλω G1544, Aorist Active Imperative) — "CAST OUT!" — strong rejection - μὴ... μετρήσῃς (μετρέω G3354, Aorist Active Subjunctive) — "do NOT measure it" - ἐδόθη (divine passive) — "it was given" to the nations - πατήσουσιν (πατέω G3961, Future Active) — "they will trample" — verbal link to Luke 21:24 - μῆνας τεσσεράκοντα δύο — "months forty-two" — 42 months
Rev 11:3¶
Key words: - δώσω (δίδωμι G1325, Future Active 1st Sg) — "I WILL GIVE" — God speaks in 1st person - μάρτυσίν (μάρτυς G3144) — "witnesses" (dative) - προφητεύσουσιν (προφητεύω G4395, Future Active) — "they will prophesy" - ἡμέρας χιλίας διακοσίας ἑξήκοντα — "days one-thousand two-hundred sixty" — 1260 days - περιβεβλημένοι σάκκους — "having been clothed in sackcloth" (Perfect Passive Participle) — mourning/penitential garb
Rev 11:4¶
Key words: - ἐλαῖαι (ἐλαία G1636) — "olive trees" - λυχνίαι (λυχνία G3087) — "lampstands" (= churches in Rev 1:20) - ἑστῶτες (ἵστημι G2476, Perfect Active Participle Nom Pl M) — "standing" before the Lord of the earth - Note gender: masculine ἑστῶτες modifying feminine ἐλαῖαι/λυχνίαι = constructio ad sensum, treating the witnesses as PERSONS
Rev 11:5-6¶
Key words (powers): - πῦρ ἐκπορεύεται (fire proceeds from their mouth) — Elijah/Jer 5:14 echo - κλεῖσαι τὸν οὐρανόν (to shut heaven) — Elijah power (1 Ki 17:1) - στρέφειν αὐτὰ εἰς αἷμα (to turn waters to blood) — Moses power (Exo 7:17-20) - πατάξαι... ἐν πάσῃ πληγῇ (to smite with every plague) — Moses power (Exo plagues) - ὁσάκις ἐὰν θελήσωσιν (as often as they wish) — unlimited authority
Rev 11:7¶
Key words: - τελέσωσιν (τελέω G5055, Aorist Active Subjunctive) — "when they shall have FINISHED" - μαρτυρίαν (μαρτυρία G3141) — "testimony/witness" — cognate of μάρτυς - θηρίον (G2342) — "beast" — first narrative appearance - ἀναβαῖνον (ἀναβαίνω G305, Present Active Participle) — "ascending/coming up" - ἀβύσσου (ἄβυσσος G12) — "abyss/bottomless pit" - νικήσει (νικάω G3528, Future) — "will overcome/conquer" - ἀποκτενεῖ (ἀποκτείνω G615, Future) — "will kill"
Rev 11:8¶
Key words: - πτῶμα (G4430) — "corpse/dead body" (singular collective) - πλατείας (πλατύς G4113) — "broad street/plaza" - πνευματικῶς (G4153) — "SPIRITUALLY" — the city is identified symbolically, not geographically - Σόδομα (G4670) — Sodom (wickedness) - Αἴγυπτος (G125) — Egypt (oppression/slavery) - ἐσταυρώθη (σταυρόω G4717, Aorist Passive) — "was crucified" — "where also our Lord was crucified"
Rev 11:9¶
Key words: - λαῶν... φυλῶν... γλωσσῶν... ἐθνῶν — fourfold universal audience (peoples, tribes, tongues, nations) - ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ ἥμισυ — "days three and a half" — miniature 3.5 years? - μνῆμα (G3418) — "tomb/grave" — they refuse burial
Rev 11:10¶
Key words: - κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς — "those dwelling on the earth" (characteristic Revelation phrase for the ungodly) - χαίρουσιν... εὐφραίνονται — "rejoice... make merry" (present tenses = ongoing) - δῶρα πέμψουσιν ἀλλήλοις — "will send gifts to one another" — anti-festival celebrating the witnesses' death - προφῆται (G4396) — "prophets" — the witnesses are called PROPHETS here
Rev 11:11-12¶
Key words: - πνεῦμα ζωῆς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ — "spirit of life from God" — Ezek 37:10 echo (breath entering dry bones) - εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς — "entered into them" - ἔστησαν ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας — "stood on their feet" — resurrection/vindication - Ἀνάβατε ὧδε — "Come up here!" — same invitation as Rev 4:1 - ἀνέβησαν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ — "ascended to heaven IN THE CLOUD"
Rev 11:13¶
Key words: - σεισμὸς μέγας — "great earthquake" - δέκατον (δέκατος G1182) — "a tenth" of the city fell - ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων χιλιάδες ἑπτά — "names of men seven thousand" — named individuals - λοιποὶ (λοιπός G3062) — "the rest/remnant" - ἔμφοβοι (ἔμφοβος G1719) — "afraid/terrified" - ἔδωκαν δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ — "gave glory to the God of heaven" — CONTRAST with Rev 9:20-21 (repented not)
Rev 11:14¶
Greek: Ἠ Οὐαὶ ἡ δευτέρα ἀπῆλθεν· ἰδοὺ ἡ Οὐαὶ ἡ τρίτη ἔρχεται ταχύ. - "The second woe is past; behold, the third woe comes quickly." - This verse CONFIRMS that all of Rev 10:1-11:13 is part of the 6th trumpet period (between 2nd and 3rd woes).