Greek Parsing — Rev 8:6-13¶

Rev 8:6¶

Greek: Καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ ἄγγελοι οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγας ἡτοίμασαν αὑτοὺς ἵνα σαλπίσωσιν.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
Καὶ	καί	G2532	CONJ
οἱ	ὁ	G3588	T-NPM Nom Pl M
ἑπτὰ	ἑπτά	G2033	A-NUI
ἄγγελοι	ἄγγελος	G32	N-NPM Nom Pl M
οἱ	ὁ	G3588	T-NPM Nom Pl M
ἔχοντες	ἔχω	G2192	V-PAP-NPM Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M
τὰς	ὁ	G3588	T-APF Acc Pl F
ἑπτὰ	ἑπτά	G2033	A-NUI
σάλπιγγας	σάλπιγξ	G4536	N-APF Acc Pl F
ἡτοίμασαν	ἑτοιμάζω	G2090	V-AAI-3P Aor Act Ind Pl 3rd
αὑτοὺς	αὐτός	G846	F-3APM Acc Pl M
ἵνα	ἵνα	G2443	CONJ
σαλπίσωσιν	σαλπίζω	G4537	V-AAS-3P Aor Act Subj Pl 3rd

Key: hetoimasan (aorist active indicative) = "prepared themselves"; hina salpisosin (aorist active subjunctive) = purpose clause "that they might sound."

Rev 8:7 — First Trumpet¶

Greek: Καὶ ὁ πρῶτος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἐγένετο χάλαζα καὶ πῦρ μεμιγμένα ἐν αἵματι καὶ ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆν· καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῆς γῆς κατεκάη, καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν δένδρων κατεκάη, καὶ πᾶς χόρτος χλωρὸς κατεκάη.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ὁ πρῶτος	πρῶτος	G4413	A-NSM Nom Sg M — "the first"
ἐσάλπισεν	σαλπίζω	G4537	V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind Sg 3rd
ἐγένετο	γίνομαι	G1096	V-2ADI-3S Aor Mid Ind Sg 3rd — "there was/came"
χάλαζα	χάλαζα	G5464	N-NSF Nom Sg F — "hail"
πῦρ	πῦρ	G4442	N-NSN Nom Sg N — "fire"
μεμιγμένα	μίγνυμι	G3396	V-RPP-NPN Perf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl N — "having been mixed"
ἐν αἵματι	αἷμα	G129	N-DSN Dat Sg N — "with blood"
ἐβλήθη	βάλλω	G906	V-API-3S Aor Pass Ind Sg 3rd — "was cast"
τὸ τρίτον	τρίτος	G5154	A-NSN Nom Sg N — "the third part"
τῆς γῆς	γῆ	G1093	N-GSF Gen Sg F — "of the earth"
κατεκάη	κατακαίω	G2618	V-2API-3S Aor Pass Ind Sg 3rd — "was burnt up" (3x)
πᾶς χόρτος χλωρὸς	χόρτος/χλωρός	G5528/G5515	"all green grass"

Key verbs: esalpisen (aorist — formulaic); eblethe (aorist passive — divine passive, "was cast"); katekae (aorist passive — "was burnt up", 3 times). Key participle: memigmena (perfect passive — "having been [previously] mixed") — hail and fire already mingled with blood before casting.

Rev 8:8 — Second Trumpet¶

Greek: Καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ὡς ὄρος μέγα πυρὶ καιόμενον ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν· καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα,

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
δεύτερος	δεύτερος	G1208	A-NSM — "second"
ἄγγελος	ἄγγελος	G32	N-NSM
ἐσάλπισεν	σαλπίζω	G4537	V-AAI-3S (formulaic)
ὡς	ὡς	G5613	ADV — "as it were" (simile marker)
ὄρος μέγα	ὄρος/μέγας	G3735/G3173	N-NSN/A-NSN — "a great mountain"
πυρὶ	πῦρ	G4442	N-DSN Dat — "with fire" (dative of means)
καιόμενον	καίω	G2545	V-PPP-NSN Pres Pass Ptcp — "burning" (present = ongoing)
ἐβλήθη	βάλλω	G906	V-API-3S — "was cast" (divine passive)
τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης	G5154/G2281	"the third part of the sea"
αἷμα	αἷμα	G129	N-NSN — "blood"

Key: hos (as it were) marks this as simile, not literal identification. The mountain is "like" (hos) a burning mountain. Present participle kaiomenon indicates ongoing burning.

Rev 8:9¶

Greek: καὶ ἀπέθανεν τὸ τρίτον τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ, τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχάς, καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν πλοίων διεφθάρησαν.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ἀπέθανεν	ἀποθνῄσκω	G599	V-2AAI-3S Aor Act Ind — "died"
τῶν κτισμάτων	κτίσμα	G2938	N-GPN Gen Pl N — "of the creatures"
τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχάς	ἔχω/ψυχή	G2192/G5590	Pres Act Ptcp / Acc Pl F — "the ones having souls/lives"
τῶν πλοίων	πλοῖον	G4143	N-GPN Gen Pl N — "of the ships"
διεφθάρησαν	διαφθείρω	G1311	V-2API-3P Aor Pass Ind — "were destroyed"

Key: ktismaton (creatures/created things) emphasizes these are God's creation being affected. Diephtharsan (were destroyed) — same root as Rev 11:18 "shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth."

Rev 8:10 — Third Trumpet¶

Greek: Καὶ ὁ τρίτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀστὴρ μέγας καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς, καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν ποταμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ὁ τρίτος ἄγγελος	G5154/G32	"the third angel"
ἐσάλπισεν	σαλπίζω	G4537	V-AAI-3S (formulaic)
ἔπεσεν	πίπτω	G4098	V-2AAI-3S Aor Act Ind — "fell" (2x in verse)
ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	οὐρανός	G3772	N-GSM — "out of heaven"
ἀστὴρ μέγας	ἀστήρ/μέγας	G792/G3173	N-NSM/A-NSM — "a great star"
καιόμενος	καίω	G2545	V-PPP-NSM Pres Pass Ptcp — "burning"
ὡς λαμπάς	λαμπάς	G2985	N-NSF — "like a lamp/torch"
τῶν ποταμῶν	ποταμός	G4215	N-GPM — "of the rivers"
τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων	πηγή/ὕδωρ	G4077/G5204	N-APF/N-GPN — "the fountains/springs of waters"

Key: epesen (fell) occurs twice — from heaven, then upon the rivers. The star is personified (later named). Kaiomenos (burning, present passive) as with the mountain of v.8.

Rev 8:11¶

Greek: καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγεται Ὁ Ἄψινθος. καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῶν ὑδάτων εἰς ἄψινθον, καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
τὸ ὄνομα	ὄνομα	G3686	N-NSN — "the name"
τοῦ ἀστέρος	ἀστήρ	G792	N-GSM Gen Sg — "of the star"
λέγεται	λέγω	G3004	V-PPI-3S Pres Pass Ind — "is called"
Ὁ Ἄψινθος	ἄψινθος	G894	N-NSM Nom Sg M — "The Wormwood" (with article, proper name)
εἰς ἄψινθον	ἄψινθος	G894	N-ASF Acc Sg F — "into wormwood" (substance, no article)
πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	πολύς/ἄνθρωπος	G4183/G444	A-NPM/N-GPM — "many of the men"
ἀπέθανον	ἀποθνῄσκω	G599	V-2AAI-3P Aor Act — "died"
ὅτι	ὅτι	G3754	CONJ — "because"
ἐπικράνθησαν	πικραίνω	G4087	V-API-3P Aor Pass Ind — "they were made bitter"

Key: The gender shift of apsinthos (masculine with article = proper name; feminine without = substance) is the most notable feature. Epikranthesan (were made bitter, G4087) is from pikraino — the LXX word for Marah's bitter waters (Exo 15:23).

Rev 8:12 — Fourth Trumpet¶

Greek: Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῆς σελήνης καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀστέρων, ἵνα σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φάνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος	τέταρτος/ἄγγελος	G5067/G32	"the fourth angel"
ἐσάλπισεν	σαλπίζω	G4537	V-AAI-3S (formulaic)
ἐπλήγη	πλήσσω	G4141	V-2API-3S Aor Pass Ind — "was struck/smitten"
τοῦ ἡλίου	ἥλιος	G2246	N-GSM — "of the sun"
τῆς σελήνης	σελήνη	G4582	N-GSF — "of the moon"
τῶν ἀστέρων	ἀστήρ	G792	N-GPM — "of the stars"
ἵνα	ἵνα	G2443	CONJ — purpose/result
σκοτισθῇ	σκοτίζω	G4654	V-APS-3S Aor Pass Subj — "might be darkened"
τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν	τρίτος/αὐτός	G5154/G846	"the third part of them"
ἡ ἡμέρα	ἡμέρα	G2250	N-NSF — "the day"
μὴ φάνῃ	φαίνω	G5316	V-2AAS-3S Aor Act Subj — "might not shine"
τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς	G5154/G846	"the third part of it"
ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως	νύξ/ὁμοίως	G3571/G3668	"the night likewise"

Key verbs: eplege (was struck, aorist passive — G4141, related to plege G4127 "plague/stroke"); skotisthe (might be darkened, aorist passive subjunctive in hina clause); phane (might not shine, aorist active subjunctive with negative me).

5 occurrences of tritos in this verse: tou heliou / tes selenes / ton asteron / auton / autes — the rhetorical climax of the fraction pattern (TM075).

Rev 8:13 — Eagle's Triple Woe¶

Greek: Καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἀετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι λέγοντος φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Οὐαὶ οὐαὶ οὐαὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν φωνῶν τῆς σάλπιγγος τῶν τριῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν μελλόντων σαλπίζειν.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
εἶδον	ὁράω	G3708	V-2AAI-1S Aor Act Ind 1st — "I saw"
ἤκουσα	ἀκούω	G191	V-AAI-1S Aor Act Ind 1st — "I heard"
ἑνὸς ἀετοῦ	ἀετός	G105	N-GSM Gen Sg M — "one eagle"
πετομένου	πέτομαι	G4072	V-PNP-GSM Pres M/P Ptcp — "flying"
ἐν μεσουρανήματι	μεσουράνημα	G3321	N-DSN Dat Sg N — "in mid-heaven"
λέγοντος	λέγω	G3004	V-PAP-GSM Pres Act Ptcp — "saying"
φωνῇ μεγάλῃ	φωνή/μέγας	G5456/G3173	N-DSF/A-DSF — "with a loud voice"
Οὐαὶ οὐαὶ οὐαὶ	οὐαί	G3759	INJ (3x) — "Woe, woe, woe"
τοὺς κατοικοῦντας	κατοικέω	G2730	V-PAP-APM Pres Act Ptcp Acc Pl M — "the ones dwelling"
ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	γῆ	G1093	"upon the earth"
τῶν λοιπῶν φωνῶν	λοιπός/φωνή	G3062/G5456	"of the remaining voices"
τῆς σάλπιγγος	σάλπιγξ	G4536	N-GSF — "of the trumpet"
τῶν τριῶν ἀγγέλων	τρεῖς/ἄγγελος	G5140/G32	"of the three angels"
τῶν μελλόντων σαλπίζειν	μέλλω/σαλπίζω	G3195/G4537	V-PAP-GPM + V-PAN — "the ones about to trumpet"

Key: aetou (eagle, genitive) — the N1904 reading (some MSS read angelou). Mesouranemat (mid-heaven) is used only at Rev 8:13; 14:6; 19:17. Triple ouai marks the 4+3 structural division. Mellonton salpizein (about to trumpet) — periphrastic future.