Greek Parsing — Raw Data¶
Rev 6:2 (First Seal)¶
Greek: καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος λευκός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἔχων τόξον, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ στέφανος, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν νικῶν καὶ ἵνα νικήσῃ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| εἶδον | ὁράω | G3708 | Aor Act Ind 1S |
| ἵππος | ἵππος | G2462 | Nom Sg M |
| λευκός | λευκός | G3022 | Nom Sg M |
| καθήμενος | κάθημαι | G2521 | Pres M/P Ptcp Nom Sg M |
| ἔχων | ἔχω | G2192 | Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M |
| τόξον | τόξον | G5115 | Acc Sg N — NT hapax |
| ἐδόθη | δίδωμι | G1325 | Aor Pass Ind 3S — "was given" (divine passive) |
| στέφανος | στέφανος | G4735 | Nom Sg M — victor's crown |
| ἐξῆλθεν | ἐξέρχομαι | G1831 | Aor Act Ind 3S — "went forth" |
| νικῶν | νικάω | G3528 | Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M — "conquering" (present, ongoing) |
| νικήσῃ | νικάω | G3528 | Aor Act Subj 3S — "to conquer" (aorist, purpose clause with hina) |
Key observations: - nikōn (present participle) = ongoing conquering action - hina nikēsē (aorist subjunctive) = purpose/result clause — "in order that he might conquer" - edothē (aorist passive) = divine passive — the crown is divinely given - toxon = NT hapax — unique to this rider
Rev 6:8 (Fourth Seal)¶
Greek: καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος χλωρός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ, ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ὁ Θάνατος, καὶ ὁ Ἅιδης ἠκολούθει μετ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἐξουσία ἐπὶ τὸ τέταρτον τῆς γῆς, ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ἐν λιμῷ καὶ ἐν θανάτῳ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| χλωρός | χλωρός | G5515 | Nom Sg M — "pale/green" |
| Θάνατος | θάνατος | G2288 | Nom Sg M — "Death" (personified) |
| Ἅιδης | ᾅδης | G86 | Nom Sg M — "Hades" (personified, follows Death) |
| ἠκολούθει | ἀκολουθέω | G190 | Impf Act Ind 3S — "was following" (imperfect = continuous) |
| ἐδόθη | δίδωμι | G1325 | Aor Pass Ind 3S — "was given" (divine passive) |
| τέταρτον | τέταρτος | G5067 | Acc Sg N — "the fourth part" |
| ἀποκτεῖναι | ἀποκτείνω | G615 | Aor Act Inf — "to kill" |
| ῥομφαίᾳ | ῥομφαία | G4501 | Dat Sg F — "sword" |
| λιμῷ | λιμός | G3042 | Dat Sg M — "famine" |
| θανάτῳ | θάνατος | G2288 | Dat Sg M — "death" (pestilence) |
| θηρίων | θηρίον | G2342 | Gen Pl N — "beasts" |
Key: Fraction quantifier — to tetarton tēs gēs = "the fourth of the earth" — fourfold killing means match Ezek 14:21 exactly: sword, famine, beasts, pestilence.
Rev 6:9 (Fifth Seal — Souls Under Altar)¶
Greek: Καὶ ὅτε ἤνοιξεν τὴν πέμπτην σφραγῖδα, εἶδον ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐσφαγμένων διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν εἶχον.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ὑποκάτω | ὑποκάτω | G5270 | ADV — "underneath, beneath" |
| θυσιαστηρίου | θυσιαστήριον | G2379 | Gen Sg N — "altar" (UNQUALIFIED — no "golden") |
| ψυχὰς | ψυχή | G5590 | Acc Pl F — "souls" |
| ἐσφαγμένων | σφάζω | G4969 | Perf Pass Ptcp Gen Pl M — "having been slain" (perfect = completed state) |
| μαρτυρίαν | μαρτυρία | G3141 | Acc Sg F — "testimony" |
| εἶχον | ἔχω | G2192 | Impf Act Ind 3P — "they were holding" |
Key observations: - esphagmenōn (perfect passive participle) — same root as Lamb "slain" in 5:6,9,12; links martyrs to Lamb's sacrifice - hypokatō tou thysiasteriou — "underneath the altar" — corresponds to blood poured at BASE of altar (Lev 4:7,18,25,30,34) - thysiasteriou is UNQUALIFIED (no chrysou = golden), favoring burnt offering altar identification
Rev 6:10 (The Cry)¶
Greek: καὶ ἔκραξαν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ λέγοντες Ἕως πότε, ὁ Δεσπότης ὁ ἅγιος καὶ ἀληθινός, οὐ κρίνεις καὶ ἐκδικεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἡμῶν ἐκ τῶν κατοικούντων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς;
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἔκραξαν | κράζω | G2896 | Aor Act Ind 3P — "they cried out" |
| Ἕως πότε | ἕως/πότε | G2193/G4219 | "Until when?" = "How long?" |
| Δεσπότης | δεσπότης | G1203 | Nom Sg M — "Master/Sovereign" (only Rev occurrence) |
| ἅγιος | ἅγιος | G40 | Nom Sg M — "holy" |
| ἀληθινός | ἀληθινός | G228 | Nom Sg M — "true/genuine" (shared with 16:7 and 19:2) |
| κρίνεις | κρίνω | G2919 | Pres Act Ind 2S — "you are judging" (present tense) |
| ἐκδικεῖς | ἐκδικέω | G1556 | Pres Act Ind 2S — "you are avenging" (present tense = unresolved) |
| κατοικούντων | κατοικέω | G2730 | Pres Act Ptcp Gen Pl M — "those dwelling upon" |
Rev 6:11 (White Robes and Little Season)¶
Greek: καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἑκάστῳ στολὴ λευκή, καὶ ἐρρέθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα ἀναπαύσωνται ἔτι χρόνον μικρόν, ἕως πληρωθῶσιν καὶ οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν οἱ μέλλοντες ἀποκτέννεσθαι ὡς καὶ αὐτοί.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἐδόθη | δίδωμι | G1325 | Aor Pass Ind 3S — divine passive |
| στολὴ λευκή | στολή/λευκός | G4749/G3022 | Nom Sg F — "white robe" |
| ἀναπαύσωνται | ἀναπαύω | G373 | Aor Mid Subj 3P — "they should rest" |
| χρόνον μικρόν | χρόνος/μικρός | G5550/G3398 | Acc Sg M — "a little time/season" |
| πληρωθῶσιν | πληρόω | G4137 | Aor Pass Subj 3P — "should be fulfilled/completed" |
| σύνδουλοι | σύνδουλος | G4889 | Nom Pl M — "fellow servants" |
| μέλλοντες | μέλλω | G3195 | Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M — "about to be" (future intention) |
| ἀποκτέννεσθαι | ἀποκτείνω | G615 | Pres Pass Inf — "to be killed" |
Key: mellontes apoktennesthai = "those about to be killed" — future martyrdom is certain; chronon mikron = "little time" links verbally to mikron chronon in 20:3.
Rev 6:16-17 (Wrath of the Lamb)¶
Greek v.16: καὶ λέγουσιν τοῖς ὄρεσιν καὶ ταῖς πέτραις Πέσετε ἐφ' ἡμᾶς καὶ κρύψατε ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Ἀρνίου, Greek v.17: ὅτι ἦλθεν ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτῶν, καὶ τίς δύναται σταθῆναι;
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Πέσετε | πίπτω | G4098 | Aor Act Impv 2P — "Fall!" (command) |
| κρύψατε | κρύπτω | G2928 | Aor Act Impv 2P — "Hide!" (command) |
| προσώπου | πρόσωπον | G4383 | Gen Sg N — "face/presence" |
| ὀργῆς | ὀργή | G3709 | Gen Sg F — "wrath" |
| Ἀρνίου | ἀρνίον | G721 | Gen Sg N — "of the Lamb" |
| ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | G2064 | Aor Act Ind 3S — "has come" |
| ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη | ἡμέρα/μέγας | G2250/G3173 | "the great day" |
| δύναται | δύναμαι | G1410 | Pres M/P Ind 3S — "is able" |
| σταθῆναι | ἵστημι | G2476 | Aor Pass Inf — "to stand" |
Key phrase: orgē tou Arniou = "wrath of the Lamb" — oxymoronic pairing. tis dynatai stathēnai = "who is able to stand?" — sets up Rev 7 as the answer.
Rev 7:3-4 (Sealing the Servants)¶
v.3: λέγων Μὴ ἀδικήσητε τὴν γῆν μήτε τὴν θάλασσαν μήτε τὰ δένδρα, ἄχρι σφραγίσωμεν τοὺς δούλους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν. v.4: Καὶ ἤκουσα τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἐσφραγισμένων, ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες ἐσφραγισμένοι ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ·
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| σφραγίσωμεν | σφραγίζω | G4972 | Aor Act Subj 1P — "we may seal" (deliberative subjunctive) |
| δούλους | δοῦλος | G1401 | Acc Pl M — "servants/slaves" |
| μετώπων | μέτωπον | G3359 | Gen Pl N — "foreheads" |
| ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | G191 | Aor Act Ind 1S — "I heard" (HEAR/SEE pattern — HEAR here) |
| ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | G706 | Acc Sg M — "number" |
| ἐσφραγισμένων | σφραγίζω | G4972 | Perf Pass Ptcp Gen Pl M — "having been sealed" (completed state) |
| ἐσφραγισμένοι | σφραγίζω | G4972 | Perf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl M — "sealed ones" |
| φυλῆς | φυλή | G5443 | Gen Sg F — "tribe" |
Rev 7:9 (Great Multitude)¶
Greek: Μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ὄχλος πολύς, ὃν ἀριθμῆσαι αὐτὸν οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο, ἐκ παντὸς ἔθνους καὶ φυλῶν καὶ λαῶν καὶ γλωσσῶν, ἑστῶτες ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου καὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ Ἀρνίου, περιβεβλημένους στολὰς λευκάς, καὶ φοίνικες ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῶν·
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| εἶδον | ὁράω | G3708 | Aor Act Ind 1S — "I saw/looked" (HEAR/SEE pattern — SEE here) |
| ὄχλος πολύς | ὄχλος/πολύς | G3793/G4183 | "a great multitude" |
| ἀριθμῆσαι | ἀριθμέω | G705 | Aor Act Inf — "to number" |
| ἐδύνατο | δύναμαι | G1410 | Impf M/P Ind 3S — "was able" |
| ἑστῶτες | ἵστημι | G2476 | Perf Act Ptcp Nom Pl M — "standing" |
| περιβεβλημένους | περιβάλλω | G4016 | Perf Pass Ptcp Acc Pl M — "clothed/arrayed" |
| στολὰς λευκάς | στολή/λευκός | G4749/G3022 | Acc Pl F — "white robes" |
| φοίνικες | φοῖνιξ | G5404 | Nom Pl M — "palms" (only NT occurrence in Rev) |
HEAR/SEE pattern: 7:4 ēkousa (I HEARD) the number -> 7:9 eidon (I SAW) the multitude. Parallels 5:5-6 where John HEARS "Lion of Judah" then SEES "a Lamb as it had been slain."
Rev 7:14-15 (Great Tribulation and Tabernacle)¶
v.14: Οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐρχόμενοι ἐκ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης, καὶ ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐλεύκαναν αὐτὰς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Ἀρνίου. v.15: ...καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σκηνώσει ἐπ' αὐτούς.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἐρχόμενοι | ἔρχομαι | G2064 | Pres M/P Ptcp Nom Pl M — "the ones coming" (present ptcp = ongoing process, NOT single event) |
| θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης | θλῖψις/μέγας | G2347/G3173 | Gen Sg F — "the great tribulation" (article = specific tribulation) |
| ἔπλυναν | πλύνω | G4150 | Aor Act Ind 3P — "they washed" (aorist = completed) |
| ἐλεύκαναν | λευκαίνω | G3021 | Aor Act Ind 3P — "they whitened/made white" |
| λατρεύουσιν | λατρεύω | G3000 | Pres Act Ind 3P — "they serve" (liturgical service) |
| ναῷ | ναός | G3485 | Dat Sg M — "temple" (inner sanctuary) |
| σκηνώσει | σκηνόω | G4637 | Fut Act Ind 3S — "shall tabernacle/dwell" (same form as Rev 21:3) |
Key observations: - erchomenoi (present participle) — "the ones coming" — ongoing, not completed, suggesting a process across time - eplynon... eleukanan — paradox: washed robes WHITE in BLOOD — only makes sense typologically (Lamb's atoning blood purifies) - skēnōsei — future tense, "shall tabernacle" — Tabernacles vocabulary; identical form in Rev 21:3
Rev 8:1 (Seventh Seal — Silence)¶
Greek: Καὶ ὅταν ἤνοιξεν τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην, ἐγένετο σιγὴ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὡς ἡμιώριον.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ὅταν | ὅταν | G3752 | CONJ — "when/whenever" |
| ἤνοιξεν | ἀνοίγω | G455 | Aor Act Ind 3S — "opened" |
| σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην | σφραγίς/ἕβδομος | G4973/G1442 | "the seventh seal" |
| ἐγένετο | γίνομαι | G1096 | Aor Mid Ind 3S — "there came to be" |
| σιγὴ | σιγή | G4602 | Nom Sg F — "silence" (only 2 NT occurrences) |
| οὐρανῷ | οὐρανός | G3772 | Dat Sg M — "heaven" |
| ὡς | ὡς | G5613 | ADV — "about/approximately" |
| ἡμιώριον | ἡμίωρον | G2256 | Acc Sg N — "half an hour" (NT hapax) |
Key: Both sige and hemiorion are rare/unique words. The silence is absolute (no qualifying adjective) and timed (about half an hour). This is the ONLY content of the seventh seal itself — no judgment action.