"Not Under Law" vs "I Came Not to Destroy the Law" (pvj-09)¶
Study Question¶
Paul says "ye are not under the law, but under grace" (Romans 6:14) and "we are delivered from the law" (Romans 7:6). Jesus says "Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil" (Matthew 5:17) and "Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled" (Matthew 5:18). Is Paul abolishing what Jesus preserved? Examine what "under the law" (hypo nomon) means -- Paul uses it approximately 10 times. Does it mean "subject to the law's authority" or "subject to the law's condemnation"? Examine what "destroy" (kataluo) and "fulfil" (pleroo) mean in Matthew 5:17. Does Romans 3:31 ("we establish the law") resolve this tension?
Methodology¶
This study follows the investigative methodology defined in
D:/bible/bible-studies/pvj-series-methodology.md.
Evidence items registered in D:/bible/bible-studies/pvj-evidence.db.
This study builds on pvj-04 (Greek terms baseline), pvj-05 (faith/works definitions), law-16 (Paul and law in Romans), and law-14 (Jesus's law teachings). concept_context.py --scope author was run on key verses from both Paul and the Gospels: ROM 6:14, MAT 5:17, ROM 3:31, GAL 3:23.
INVESTIGATIVE METHODOLOGY: - You are an investigator, not an advocate. Your job is to report what the evidence says. - Gather evidence from ALL sides. - Do NOT assume your conclusion before examining the evidence. - Do NOT state opinions. State what the text says. - Present BOTH the Contradiction and Harmony positions at their strongest.
Summary Answer¶
Paul uses "under the law" (hypo nomon) approximately 12 times across Romans, 1 Corinthians, and Galatians. Every use appears in a context addressing the law's condemning function, the law as a justification system, or covenantal status categories. No use addresses the law's moral instructional function. Paul also states "we establish the law" (Rom 3:31), "the law is holy" (Rom 7:12), "the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us" (Rom 8:4), and "love is the fulfilling of the law" (Rom 13:10, quoting five Decalogue commandments). Jesus uses kataluo (G2647) for what he did NOT come to do; Paul uses the same word kataluo in Galatians 2:18 for what he dismantled -- the law-for-justification system. Both authors use pleroo (G4137) for the law's relationship to fulfillment (Mat 5:17; Rom 8:4; Rom 13:8; Gal 5:14). The explicit statements and necessary implications establish that Paul and Jesus use different vocabulary (hypo nomon vs. kataluo) in different contexts (condemnation/justification vs. moral authority), and that Paul himself emphatically denies abolishing the law.
Key Verses¶
Matthew 5:17 -- "Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil."
Matthew 5:18 -- "For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled."
Romans 6:14-15 -- "For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace. What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid."
Romans 3:31 -- "Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law."
Romans 7:6, 12 -- "But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter. ... Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good."
Romans 8:4 -- "That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit."
1 Corinthians 9:20-21 -- "And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews; to them that are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law; To them that are without law, as without law, (being not without law to God, but under the law to Christ,) that I might gain them that are without law."
Galatians 2:18 -- "For if I build again the things which I destroyed, I make myself a transgressor."
Galatians 5:14, 18 -- "For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. ... But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law."
Romans 13:8-10 -- "Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law."
Luke 16:17 -- "And it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail."
Evidence Classification¶
Evidence items tracked in D:/bible/bible-studies/pvj-evidence.db.
1. Explicit Statements Table¶
Each E-item has been processed through Tree 1 (Tier Classification) and Tree 3 (E-Item Positional Classification).
Also-cited prior items (already in master evidence DB, cited again by this study):
| # | Explicit Statement | Reference | Position | Master ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | Jesus states "Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil." Uses kataluo (G2647) for what he did NOT come to do. Uses pleroo (G4137) for what he came to do. | Mat 5:17 | Neutral | E030 |
| E2 | Jesus states "Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled." Double negative (ou me) with subjunctive = strongest possible negation. | Mat 5:18 | Neutral | E031 |
| E3 | Paul states "Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law." Uses katargeo (G2673, make void) denied with me genoito, then histemi (G2476, establish). | Rom 3:31 | Neutral | E033 |
| E4 | Paul states "the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good." Same chapter where he says "delivered from the law" (7:6). | Rom 7:12 | Neutral | E034 |
| E5 | Paul states "That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit." Uses pleroo (G4137) -- same word as Mat 5:17. | Rom 8:4 | Neutral | E093 |
| E6 | Both Paul and Jesus connect love with law-fulfillment: "Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law" (Rom 13:10); "On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets" (Mat 22:40). | Rom 13:10; Mat 22:40 | Harmony | E043 |
| E7 | Paul states "Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God." | 1 Cor 7:19 | Neutral | E042 |
| E8 | Paul states "What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid." Denies that "not under law" permits sin. | Rom 6:15 | Neutral | E092 |
New items (added to master evidence DB by this study):
| # | Explicit Statement | Reference | Position | Master ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E9 | Paul states "For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace." The stated PURPOSE of "not under law" is that sin shall NOT dominate. | Rom 6:14 | Neutral | E124 |
| E10 | Paul states "we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit." Uses katargeo (G2673), same word emphatically denied in Rom 3:31. | Rom 7:6 | Neutral | E139 |
| E11 | Paul distinguishes hypo nomon (under the law) from ennomos Christou (lawfully subject to Christ). Paul denies being anomos (lawless) toward God. States he IS "under the law to Christ." | 1 Cor 9:20-21 | Neutral | E140 |
| E12 | Paul states "before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith... the law was our schoolmaster unto Christ." Uses custodial language (phroureo, sugkleio) for hypo nomon. | Gal 3:23-24 | Neutral | E141 |
| E13 | Paul states "God sent forth his Son, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law." Christ himself was hypo nomon; purpose was redemption from the law's condemning jurisdiction. | Gal 4:4-5 | Neutral | E142 |
| E14 | Paul states "if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law." Preceded by "all the law is fulfilled in one word" (5:14). Followed by fruit of the Spirit, against which "there is no law" (5:23). | Gal 5:18 | Neutral | E143 |
| E15 | Paul states "if I build again the things which I destroyed (kataluo G2647), I make myself a transgressor." Uses the same word Jesus uses in Mat 5:17. | Gal 2:18 | Neutral | E188 |
| E16 | Jesus states "Whosoever shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great." | Mat 5:19 | Neutral | E189 |
| E17 | Jesus states "it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail." The law's permanence exceeds the cosmos. | Luk 16:17 | Neutral | E190 |
| E18 | Paul states "all the law is fulfilled (pleroo G4137) in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself." Same word (pleroo) Jesus uses in Mat 5:17. | Gal 5:14 | Neutral | E191 |
| E19 | Paul states "what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God." Hypo ton nomon = within the law's jurisdiction for accountability/guilt. | Rom 3:19 | Neutral | E192 |
2. Necessary Implications Table¶
| # | Necessary Implication | Based on | Why it is unavoidable | Position | Master ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N1 | Every Pauline use of "hypo nomon" appears in contexts addressing the law's condemning/cursing function, the law as a justification system, or covenantal status categories -- never the law's moral instructional function. | E9, E10, E11, E12, E13, E14, E8, E19 | Verifiable from the 12 catalogued uses. Each use connects to guilt (Rom 3:19), condemnation (Rom 6:14), custody (Gal 3:23), redemption from curse (Gal 4:5), or covenantal identity (1 Cor 9:20). No use says "you are no longer required to obey the law's moral commands." | Neutral | N035 |
| N2 | Both Jesus (Mat 5:17 -- pleroo G4137) and Paul (Rom 8:4, Rom 13:8, Gal 5:14 -- pleroo G4137) use the same Greek word for the law's relationship to fulfillment. Neither author uses pleroo to mean "terminate." | E1, E5, E6, E18 | Same word (pleroo G4137) used by both authors for the law. Any reader examining the Greek can verify this shared vocabulary. Pleroo means "fill up/make full," not "fill up and discard." | Neutral | N036 |
| N3 | Paul simultaneously states "not under the law" (Rom 6:14) and "we establish the law" (Rom 3:31) and "the law is holy" (Rom 7:12) within the same epistle (Romans). All three statements coexist in the same letter. | E9, E3, E4 | These are direct quotes from the same author in the same epistle. Any reader must acknowledge Paul wrote all three. Their coexistence within one letter is a textual fact. | Neutral | N037 |
3. Inferences Table¶
| # | Claim | Type | What the Bible actually says | Why this is an inference | Criteria | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I1 | Paul's "not under the law" and Jesus's "not come to destroy the law" address different aspects of the law: Paul addresses the law's condemning/jurisdictional function while Jesus addresses the law's moral content and authority. They are not discussing the same subject. | I-A | E030/Mat 5:17: Jesus says not to destroy law. E124/Rom 6:14: Paul says not under law. E033/Rom 3:31: Paul says we establish law. E092/Rom 6:15: Paul says shall we sin? God forbid. E140/1 Cor 9:21: Paul says not without law to God. N1/N035: hypo nomon always in condemnation/justification contexts. | Systematizes the vocabulary difference (hypo nomon vs. kataluo) and contextual difference (condemnation vs. moral authority) into the claim that Paul and Jesus address different questions about the law. No single verse states "Paul and Jesus address different questions." | #5 (systematizing) | Harmony |
| I2 | Paul's "not under the law" means the moral law no longer has binding authority over believers. Jesus says not one jot passes from the law. Therefore Paul abolishes what Jesus preserved -- a genuine contradiction. | I-B | E124/Rom 6:14: Paul says not under the law. E139/Rom 7:6: Paul says delivered from the law. E141/Gal 3:23: law was schoolmaster. AGAINST: E033/Rom 3:31: Paul says we establish the law. E034/Rom 7:12: law is holy. E093/Rom 8:4: righteousness of law fulfilled in us. E092/Rom 6:15: shall we sin? God forbid. E140/1 Cor 9:21: not without law to God but under law to Christ. | Requires reading hypo nomon as "under the law's moral authority" rather than "under the law's condemnation." Both readings are lexically possible for hypo + accusative. Also requires equating Paul's "delivered from" with "abolished." | #2 (choosing between readings), #5 (systematizing) | Contradiction |
| I3 | Paul's use of kataluo in Gal 2:18 (for what he dismantled) and his denial of katargeo in Rom 3:31 (the law is established) show Paul distinguishes between demolishing the law-for-justification system and demolishing the law itself. This distinction resolves the apparent contradiction with Jesus's Mat 5:17 kataluo denial. | I-A | E188/Gal 2:18: Paul kataluo'd the justification system. E033/Rom 3:31: Paul denies katargeoing the law. E030/Mat 5:17: Jesus denies kataluoing the law. Both deny demolishing the moral law; Paul additionally demolishes the law-as-justification-path. | Systematizes Paul's two uses of "destruction" vocabulary (kataluo in Gal 2:18; katargeo denied in Rom 3:31) into a distinction the text does not state in a single verse. The text does not say "I destroyed the justification system, not the law itself." | #5 (systematizing) | Harmony |
I-B Resolution: I2 -- Paul's "not under the law" abolishes the moral law¶
Step 1 -- Tension: - FOR (Paul contradicts Jesus): E124/Rom 6:14 ("not under the law"), E139/Rom 7:6 ("delivered from the law"), E141/Gal 3:23 ("schoolmaster" implies temporary role), E143/Gal 5:18 ("not under the law"), E142/Gal 4:5 ("redeem them under the law") - AGAINST (No contradiction): E033/Rom 3:31 ("we establish the law"), E034/Rom 7:12 ("law is holy"), E093/Rom 8:4 ("righteousness of law fulfilled in us"), E092/Rom 6:15 ("shall we sin? God forbid"), E140/1 Cor 9:21 ("not without law to God, but under law to Christ"), E042/1 Cor 7:19 ("keeping of the commandments of God"), E191/Gal 5:14 ("all the law is fulfilled"), E043/Rom 13:10 (love fulfills the law, quoting Decalogue)
Step 2 -- Clarity Assessment:
| Item | Level | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| E124/Rom 6:14 | Ambiguous | "Under the law" (hypo nomon) has a semantic range allowing either "under moral authority" or "under condemnation." The verse itself states the purpose as victory over sin, not permission to sin. |
| E139/Rom 7:6 | Ambiguous | "Delivered from the law" is in the same chapter that calls the law "holy, just, good, spiritual" (7:12,14). The referent of "delivered from" is ambiguous. |
| E141/Gal 3:23 | Contextually Clear | The custodial language (phroureo, sugkleio) indicates a guardianship role, not moral content. The schoolmaster's authority changes when the child matures, but what the schoolmaster taught does not become false. |
| E033/Rom 3:31 | Plain | Directly addresses the question "does faith make void the law?" with the strongest possible negation (me genoito) and the affirmation "we establish the law." Didactic; universal scope; self-interpreting. |
| E034/Rom 7:12 | Plain | "The law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good." Direct predication. No alternative reading. |
| E093/Rom 8:4 | Plain | "The righteousness of the law fulfilled in us." The purpose of Christ's work includes law-fulfillment IN believers. Didactic purpose clause. |
| E092/Rom 6:15 | Plain | "Shall we sin because we are not under the law? God forbid." Paul explicitly denies the antinomian reading of "not under the law." Self-interpreting. |
| E140/1 Cor 9:21 | Plain | Paul denies being anomos (lawless) toward God and affirms being ennomos (lawfully subject) to Christ. Self-descriptive. |
| E042/1 Cor 7:19 | Plain | "The keeping of the commandments of God" is what matters. Direct statement. |
| E043/Rom 13:10 | Plain | Paul quotes five Decalogue commandments as what love fulfills. The moral law is the content. |
Step 3 -- Weight: FOR the contradiction: 2 Ambiguous (E124, E139) + 1 Contextually Clear (E141) + 2 additional Ambiguous (E143, E142) AGAINST the contradiction: 6 Plain (E033, E034, E093, E092, E140, E042, E043) + 0 Ambiguous
The AGAINST side has substantially more Plain-level support. The FOR side relies entirely on Ambiguous and Contextually Clear items.
Step 4 -- SIS Application: E092/Rom 6:15 directly interprets E124/Rom 6:14 -- it is the very next verse, by the same author, addressing the same audience, answering the same question. Paul himself states: "shall we sin because we are not under the law? God forbid." This self-interpreting passage (one verse later in the same paragraph) determines that "not under the law" does not mean "free to sin" or "the moral law is abolished."
E033/Rom 3:31 directly addresses the question this study investigates: "Do we make void the law through faith?" Paul's answer is me genoito ("God forbid/may it never be") + "we establish the law." This is Paul's explicit answer to whether his teaching abolishes the law.
E140/1 Cor 9:21 is Paul's self-description: he is NOT anomos (lawless) toward God but IS ennomos (within law) to Christ. This determines that Paul does not consider himself outside the law's moral scope.
The Plain statements on the AGAINST side (E033, E034, E092, E093, E140, E042, E043) govern the reading of the Ambiguous statements on the FOR side (E124, E139). "Not under the law" is read as "not under the law's condemnation" because Paul immediately denies the antinomian reading, affirms the law is holy, affirms commandment-keeping, and states the law is established by faith.
Step 5 -- Resolution: Strong The FOR side has only Ambiguous and Contextually Clear items. The AGAINST side has 6+ Plain items, including a self-interpreting passage (Rom 6:14-15) and Paul's direct answer to the study question (Rom 3:31). The Ambiguous "not under the law" passages are governed by the Plain "we establish the law," "the law is holy," "shall we sin? God forbid," and "not without law to God." Resolution is Strong because no Plain statement supports the contradiction reading, and multiple Plain statements from the same author, same epistles, directly address and deny it.
Tally Summary¶
- Explicit statements: 19 (1 Harmony, 0 Contradiction, 18 Neutral)
- Necessary implications: 3 (0 Harmony, 0 Contradiction, 3 Neutral)
- Inferences: 3
- I-A (Evidence-Extending): 2 (2 Harmony, 0 Contradiction, 0 Neutral)
- I-B (Competing-Evidence): 1 (0 Harmony, 1 Contradiction, 0 Neutral) (1 resolved Strong)
- I-C (Compatible External): 0
- I-D (Counter-Evidence External): 0
Positional Tally (This Study)¶
| Tier | Harmony | Contradiction | Neutral | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Explicit (E) | 1 | 0 | 18 | 19 |
| Necessary Implication (N) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| I-A | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| I-B | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| I-C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| I-D | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| TOTAL | 3 | 1 | 21 | 25 |
What CAN Be Said¶
Scripture explicitly states or necessarily implies: - Scripture explicitly states that Jesus denied coming to kataluo (demolish) the law (Mat 5:17) and affirmed the law's permanence exceeds the cosmos (Mat 5:18; Luk 16:17). - Scripture explicitly states that Paul says believers are "not under the law, but under grace" (Rom 6:14) and "delivered from the law" (Rom 7:6). - Scripture explicitly states that Paul says "Do we make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law" (Rom 3:31). - Scripture explicitly states that Paul says "shall we sin because we are not under the law? God forbid" (Rom 6:15), denying that "not under law" permits sin. - Scripture explicitly states that Paul calls the law "holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good" (Rom 7:12) and "spiritual" (Rom 7:14) in the same chapter where he says "delivered from the law" (Rom 7:6). - Scripture explicitly states that Paul describes himself as "not without law to God, but under the law to Christ" (1 Cor 9:21), denying lawlessness toward God. - Scripture explicitly states that Paul affirms "the keeping of the commandments of God" (1 Cor 7:19) and "all the law is fulfilled in one word: love thy neighbour" (Gal 5:14). - Scripture explicitly states that the purpose of Christ's work includes "that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us" (Rom 8:4). - Scripture explicitly states that Paul quotes five Decalogue commandments as the content love fulfills (Rom 13:9-10). - Scripture necessarily implies that every Pauline use of "hypo nomon" appears in condemnation/justification/covenantal contexts, never in moral-instruction contexts (N035). - Scripture necessarily implies that both Jesus and Paul use the same word (pleroo G4137) for the law's relationship to fulfillment (N036). - Scripture necessarily implies that Paul's "not under the law," "we establish the law," and "the law is holy" coexist in the same epistle (N037).
What CANNOT Be Said¶
Not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by Scripture: - It cannot be said from the text alone that "not under the law" means "the moral law is abolished" -- Paul immediately denies this reading (Rom 6:15) and affirms the law is holy (Rom 7:12) and established (Rom 3:31). - It cannot be said from the text alone that "not under the law" means "only under the law's condemnation, not its moral authority" -- this reading, while supported by context, is an inference requiring combination of multiple texts. - It cannot be said from the text alone that Paul and Jesus are addressing the same question about the law -- Paul addresses the law's role in justification/condemnation; Jesus addresses the law's permanence and moral authority. Whether these are the same or different questions is an interpretive judgment. - It cannot be said from the text alone whether "fulfil" (pleroo) in Mat 5:17 means "fill up the law's meaning to the full" or "complete and thereby terminate the law's function" -- pleroo has a semantic range, though its NT usage consistently means "fill/complete" without implying termination of the filled vessel. - It cannot be said from the text alone that Galatians 2:18's kataluo refers specifically to the "law-for-justification system" as distinct from "the law itself" -- this distinction is inferred from context, not stated in the verse.
Conclusion¶
This study classified 19 explicit statements, 3 necessary implications, and 3 inferences. The evidence is overwhelmingly Neutral (21 of 25 items), reflecting that the primary findings are vocabulary facts, contextual observations, and distributional data about how each author uses law-related terminology.
The 1 Harmony-classified E-item (E043) documents that both Paul and Jesus explicitly connect love with law-fulfillment using the same vocabulary. The 2 Harmony-classified I-A items systematize the vocabulary and contextual differences into claims that Paul and Jesus address different aspects of the law and that Paul distinguishes between demolishing the law-for-justification system and demolishing the law itself.
The 1 Contradiction-classified I-B item (I2/I049) proposes that Paul's "not under the law" abolishes what Jesus preserved. This was resolved Strong against the contradiction reading: the FOR side has only Ambiguous and Contextually Clear textual support (Rom 6:14, 7:6, Gal 3:23), while the AGAINST side has 6+ Plain self-interpreting passages from the same author and same epistles (Rom 3:31, 6:15, 7:12, 8:4, 13:8-10; 1 Cor 7:19, 9:21). Paul's own immediate context (Rom 6:15, one verse after 6:14) explicitly denies the antinomian reading, and Paul's direct answer to whether faith abolishes the law is "God forbid: yea, we establish the law" (Rom 3:31).
The word study findings are central: (1) "hypo nomon" (under the law) in all 12 Pauline uses appears in condemnation/justification/covenantal contexts, never in moral-instruction contexts; (2) both Jesus (Mat 5:17) and Paul (Rom 8:4, 13:8, Gal 5:14) use pleroo (G4137) for the law, meaning "fill up," not "terminate"; (3) Paul uses kataluo (G2647) in Gal 2:18 for what he dismantled (the law-as-justification system) while Jesus uses it in Mat 5:17 for what he did NOT come to do (demolish the law's moral content); (4) Romans 3:31 uses katargeo (G2673, a different word from kataluo) for what Paul denies doing to the law, and histemi (G2476) for what he affirms -- establishing/making the law stand.
The coexistence of "not under the law" (Rom 6:14), "we establish the law" (Rom 3:31), and "the law is holy" (Rom 7:12) within a single Pauline epistle (Romans) is a textual fact (N3/N037). This coexistence is consistent with the reading that "under the law" refers to the law's condemning jurisdiction and "establish the law" refers to the law's moral authority. It is inconsistent with the reading that "not under the law" means "the moral law is abolished," since Paul in the same epistle affirms the law is holy, spiritual, and established by faith.
(This study connects with pvj-04-greek-terms-baseline, which established that Paul's nomos semantic range is a superset of Jesus's. It connects with pvj-05-faith-works-definitions, which established that Paul's "erga nomou" and Jesus's "poieo thelema" are different vocabulary in different contexts. It connects with law-16-paul-and-law-in-romans, which classified Rom 6:14 as addressing freedom from condemnation, not freedom from moral obligation.)
Study completed: 2026-03-03 Evidence items registered in D:/bible/bible-studies/pvj-evidence.db