Raw Hebrew Parsing Data¶
Leviticus 23:3¶
שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתֹון֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ שַׁבָּ֥ת הִוא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מֹֽושְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
שֵׁ֣שֶׁת שׁשׁ Noun.fs.Cst six
יָמִים֮ יום Noun.mp.Abs day
תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה עשׂה Verb.Niphal.Impf.3fs make (be done)
מְלָאכָה֒ מלאכה Noun.fs.Abs work
וּבַיֹּ֣ום ב+ה+יום Prep+Art+Noun.ms.Abs and in the day
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שׁביעי Adj.ms.Abs the seventh
שַׁבַּ֤ת שׁבת Noun.s.Cst sabbath [CONSTRUCT]
שַׁבָּתֹון֙ שׁבתון Noun.ms.Abs sabbatical feast [ABSOLUTE]
מִקְרָא מקרא Noun.ms.Cst convocation [CONSTRUCT]
קֹ֔דֶשׁ קדשׁ Noun.ms.Abs holiness [ABSOLUTE]
כָּל כל Noun.ms.Cst whole/all
מְלָאכָ֖ה מלאכה Noun.fs.Abs work
לֹ֣א לא Neg not
תַעֲשׂ֑וּ עשׂה Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp make/do
שַׁבָּ֥ת שׁבת Noun.s.Abs sabbath [ABSOLUTE]
הִוא֙ היא PersPron.3fs she/it
לַֽיהוָ֔ה ליהוה Prep+PropN to YHWH
בְּכֹ֖ל בכל Prep+Noun.ms.Cst in all
מֹֽושְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם מושׁב Noun.mp.Abs+2mp your dwellings
Key: "shabbat shabbathon" = construct chain: "sabbath of rest/sabbatical-rest" "miqra-qodesh" = construct chain: "convocation of holiness" = "holy convocation" "shabbat hi laYHWH" = "a sabbath it [is] to the LORD"
Leviticus 23:24¶
...שַׁבָּתֹ֔ון זִכְרֹ֥ון תְּרוּעָ֖ה מִקְרָא־קֹֽדֶשׁ
שַׁבָּתֹ֔ון שׁבתון Noun.ms.Abs sabbatical feast
זִכְרֹ֥ון זכרון Noun.ms.Cst remembrance
תְּרוּעָ֖ה תרועה Noun.fs.Abs shouting/blowing
מִקְרָא מקרא Noun.ms.Cst convocation
קֹֽדֶשׁ קדשׁ Noun.ms.Abs holiness
Key: Uses shabbathon ALONE (not shabbat shabbathon). This is "a sabbatical rest, a memorial of blowing, a holy convocation."
Leviticus 23:32¶
שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּתֹ֥ון הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם...תִּשְׁבְּת֖וּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶֽם
שַׁבַּ֨ת שׁבת Noun.s.Cst sabbath [CONSTRUCT]
שַׁבָּתֹ֥ון שׁבתון Noun.ms.Abs sabbatical feast [ABSOLUTE]
הוּא֙ הוא PersPron.3ms he/it
לָכֶ֔ם ל+כם Prep+2mp to you
...
תִּשְׁבְּת֖וּ שׁבת Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp cease/keep sabbath
שַׁבַּתְּכֶֽם שׁבת Noun.s.Abs+2mp your sabbath
Key: Day of Atonement receives "shabbat shabbathon" -- same as the weekly Sabbath (v.3). Also uses the VERB form tishbetu "ye shall keep sabbath / ye shall cease." The phrase "your sabbath" (shabbattekem) with 2mp suffix.
Leviticus 23:37¶
אֵ֚לֶּה מֹועֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ
אֵ֚לֶּה אלה DemPron.p these
מֹועֲדֵ֣י מועד Noun.mp.Cst appointments of [CONSTRUCT]
יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PropN.ms.Abs YHWH [ABSOLUTE]
אֲשֶׁר אשׁר Conj which/that
תִּקְרְא֥וּ קרא Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp call/proclaim
אֹתָ֖ם את+הם Prep+3mp them
מִקְרָאֵ֣י מקרא Noun.mp.Cst convocations of [CONSTRUCT]
קֹ֑דֶשׁ קדשׁ Noun.ms.Abs holiness [ABSOLUTE]
Key: "These [are] the moadei YHWH (appointed times of the LORD)." This summarizes v.4-36 (the annual feasts), using the same language as v.4. The summary identifies what follows in v.38 as SEPARATE from these moadim.
Leviticus 23:38¶
מִלְּבַ֖ד שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וּמִלְּבַ֣ד מַתְּנֹֽותֵיכֶ֗ם וּמִלְּבַ֤ד כָּל־נִדְרֵיכֶם֙ וּמִלְּבַד֙ כָּל־נִדְבֹ֣ותֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּתְּנ֖וּ לַיהוָֽה
מִלְּבַ֖ד מן+ל+בד Prep compound apart from / beside
שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת שׁבת Noun.fp.Cst sabbaths of [FEM.PL.CONSTRUCT]
יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PropN.ms.Abs YHWH
וּמִלְּבַ֣ד ו+מן+ל+בד Conj+Prep compound and apart from / and beside
מַתְּנֹֽותֵיכֶ֗ם מתנה Noun.fp.Abs+2mp your gifts
וּמִלְּבַ֤ד ו+מן+ל+בד Conj+Prep compound and apart from
כָּל כל Noun.ms.Cst all of
נִדְרֵיכֶם֙ נדר Noun.mp.Abs+2mp your vows
וּמִלְּבַד֙ ו+מן+ל+בד Conj+Prep compound and apart from
כָּל כל Noun.ms.Cst all of
נִדְבֹ֣ותֵיכֶ֔ם נדבה Noun.fp.Abs+2mp your freewill-offerings
אֲשֶׁ֥ר אשׁר Conj which
תִּתְּנ֖וּ נתן Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp give
לַיהוָֽה ליהוה Prep+PropN to YHWH
Key: - shabbetot YHWH = "sabbaths of the LORD" -- feminine plural CONSTRUCT of shabbat, indicating the weekly sabbaths that belong to YHWH - millibad (4x) = compound preposition from min+le+bad = "from-to-separation" = "apart from, besides, in addition to" - The four-fold millibad creates a list of four separate categories: (1) sabbaths of the LORD, (2) your gifts, (3) all your vows, (4) all your freewill offerings -- ALL separate from the moadim of v.37
Genesis 1:14¶
...וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמֹ֣ועֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים
וְהָי֤וּ היה Verb.Qal.Perf.3p and they shall be
לְאֹתֹת֙ ל+אות Prep+Noun.fp.Abs for signs
וּלְמֹ֣ועֲדִ֔ים ו+ל+מועד Conj+Prep+Noun.mp.Abs and for appointed times
וּלְיָמִ֖ים ו+ל+יום Conj+Prep+Noun.mp.Abs and for days
וְשָׁנִֽים ו+שׁנה Conj+Noun.fp.Abs and years
Key: The luminaries serve four functions: signs, moadim, days, years. The weekly sabbath is NOT listed. The moadim here are the appointed times tied to lunar/solar cycles -- the annual festivals. The weekly sabbath follows a seven-day cycle established at creation, independent of astronomical bodies.
Genesis 2:2¶
וַיְכַ֤ל אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מְלַאכְתֹּ֖ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת֙ בַּיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתֹּ֖ו אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה
וַיְכַ֤ל כלה Verb.Piel.Wayq.3ms and he finished
אֱלֹהִים֙ אלהים Noun.mp.Abs God
בַּיֹּ֣ום ב+ה+יום Prep+Art+Noun.ms on the day
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שׁביעי Adj.ms.Abs the seventh
מְלַאכְתֹּ֖ו מלאכת Noun.fs.Abs+3ms his work
אֲשֶׁ֣ר אשׁר Conj which
עָשָׂ֑ה עשׂה Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms he had made
וַיִּשְׁבֹּת֙ שׁבת Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms and he ceased/rested
בַּיֹּ֣ום ב+ה+יום Prep+Art+Noun.ms on the day
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שׁביעי Adj.ms.Abs the seventh
מִכָּל מן+כל Prep+Noun.ms.Cst from all
מְלַאכְתֹּ֖ו מלאכת Noun.fs.Abs+3ms his work
אֲשֶׁ֥ר אשׁר Conj which
עָשָֽׂה עשׂה Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms he had made
Key: vayyishbot (Qal wayyiqtol 3ms from shabath H7673) = "and he ceased/rested" -- narrative sequence. This is the VERB form, not the noun. The first use of the root sh-b-t in the Bible.
Genesis 2:3¶
וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־יֹ֣ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹתֹ֑ו כִּ֣י בֹ֤ו שָׁבַת֙ מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתֹּ֔ו אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַעֲשֹֽׂות
וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ ברך Verb.Piel.Wayq.3ms and he blessed
אֱלֹהִים֙ אלהים Noun.mp.Abs God
אֶת יֹ֣ום את+יום Prep+Noun.ms.Cst [obj] the day of
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שׁביעי Adj.ms.Abs the seventh
וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ קדשׁ Verb.Piel.Wayq.3ms and he sanctified/made holy
אֹתֹ֑ו את+הוא Prep+3ms it
כִּ֣י כי Conj because
בֹ֤ו ב+הוא Prep+3ms in it
שָׁבַת֙ שׁבת Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms he had ceased/rested
מִכָּל מן+כל Prep+Noun.ms.Cst from all
מְלַאכְתֹּ֔ו מלאכת Noun.fs.Abs+3ms his work
אֲשֶׁר אשׁר Conj which
בָּרָ֥א ברא Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms he had created
אֱלֹהִ֖ים אלהים Noun.mp.Abs God
לַעֲשֹֽׂות ל+עשׂה Prep+Verb.Qal.InfCon to make/do
Key: Three wayyiqtol verbs for God's sabbath actions: vayyishbot (ceased), vaybarek (blessed), vayqaddesh (sanctified). The reason clause uses ki + perfect: "because in it he had ceased." The verb qadash (Piel "to sanctify/set apart") is the same root as qodesh (H6944).
Leviticus 25:4¶
וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗ת שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתֹון֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָ֑ה
שַׁבַּ֤ת שׁבת Noun.s.Cst sabbath [CONSTRUCT]
שַׁבָּתֹון֙ שׁבתון Noun.ms.Abs sabbatical feast [ABSOLUTE]
יִהְיֶ֣ה היה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms it shall be
לָאָ֔רֶץ ל+ה+ארץ Prep+Art+Noun to the land
שַׁבָּ֖ת שׁבת Noun.s.Abs sabbath
לַיהוָ֑ה ליהוה Prep+PropN to YHWH
Key: "shabbat shabbathon... shabbat laYHWH" = "a sabbath of rest... a sabbath to the LORD." Same vocabulary pattern as the weekly Sabbath (Lev 23:3). The sabbatical year mirrors the weekly Sabbath in both its 6+1 pattern and its vocabulary.
Leviticus 23:39¶
...שַׁבָּתֹ֔ון וּבַיֹּ֥ום הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י שַׁבָּתֹֽון
שַׁבָּתֹ֔ון שׁבתון Noun.ms.Abs sabbatical feast
...
שַׁבָּתֹֽון שׁבתון Noun.ms.Abs sabbatical feast
Key: Both the first and eighth days of Tabernacles use shabbathon ALONE -- NOT shabbat shabbathon. This distinguishes the feast-day rest from the full weekly sabbath rest.
Exodus 20:8¶
זָכֹ֛ור֩ אֶת־יֹ֥֨ום הַשַּׁבָּ֖֜ת לְקַדְּשֹֽׁ֗ו
זָכֹ֛ור֩ זכר Verb.Qal.InfAbs remember (infinitive absolute)
אֶת יֹ֥֨ום את+יום Prep+Noun.ms.Cst [obj] the day of
הַשַּׁבָּ֖֜ת ה+שׁבת Art+Noun.s.Abs the sabbath
לְקַדְּשֹֽׁ֗ו ל+קדשׁ+הוא Prep+Verb.Piel.InfCon+3ms to sanctify it
Key: The infinitive absolute zakor ("remember!") gives emphatic force. "The day of the sabbath" (yom ha-shabbat) with the article -- referring to a known, established institution. "To sanctify it" (leqaddesho) -- to set it apart as holy, using the same root as Gen 2:3 where God "sanctified" the seventh day.
Greek Parsing: Colossians 2:16¶
Μὴ οὖν τις ὑμᾶς κρινέτω ἐν βρώσει καὶ ἐν πόσει ἢ ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς ἢ νεομηνίας ἢ σαββάτων
Μὴ μή G3361 Negative particle
οὖν οὖν G3767 Conjunction "therefore"
τις τὶς G5100 Indefinite pronoun, Nom Sg M -- "anyone"
ὑμᾶς σύ G4771 Personal pronoun, Acc Pl -- "you"
κρινέτω κρίνω G2919 Pres Act Impv 3S -- "let judge"
ἐν ἐν G1722 Preposition "in"
βρώσει βρῶσις G1035 Dat Sg F -- "eating/food"
καὶ καί G2532 Conjunction "and"
ἐν ἐν G1722 Preposition "in"
πόσει πόσις G4213 Dat Sg F -- "drinking"
ἢ ἤ G2228 Disjunction "or"
ἐν ἐν G1722 Preposition "in"
μέρει μέρος G3313 Dat Sg N -- "part/respect"
ἑορτῆς ἑορτή G1859 Gen Sg F -- "of a feast"
ἢ ἤ G2228 "or"
νεομηνίας νεομηνία G3561 Gen Sg F -- "of a new moon"
ἢ ἤ G2228 "or"
σαββάτων σάββατον G4521 Gen Pl N -- "of sabbaths"
Key: The descending triad: heorte (annual feast) > neomenia (monthly new moon) > sabbata (sabbaths). The genitive plural sabbaton likely refers to the ceremonial sabbath days associated with the feast system, following the OT ceremonial triad pattern (2 Chr 31:3; Eze 45:17; Hos 2:11).