Raw Greek Parsing Data¶
Mark 2:27¶
Greek Text: kai elegyen autois To sabbaton dia ton anthropon egeneto, kai ouch ho anthropos dia to sabbaton Full Greek: καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς Τὸ σάββατον διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο, καὶ οὐχ ὁ ἄνθρωπος διὰ τὸ σάββατον·
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | καί | G2532 | CONJ |
| ἔλεγεν | λέγω | G3004 | V-IAI-3S (Imperfect Active Indicative 3rd Singular) |
| αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | G846 | P-DPM (Dative Plural Masculine) |
| Τὸ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSN (Nominative Singular Neuter) |
| σάββατον | σάββατον | G4521 | N-NSN (Nominative Singular Neuter) |
| διὰ | διά | G1223 | PREP |
| τὸν | ὁ | G3588 | T-ASM (Accusative Singular Masculine) |
| ἄνθρωπον | ἄνθρωπος | G444 | N-ASM (Accusative Singular Masculine) |
| ἐγένετο | γίνομαι | G1096 | V-2ADI-3S (Aorist Middle Indicative 3rd Singular) |
| οὐχ | οὐ | G3756 | PRT-N (Negative particle) |
| ὁ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSM (Nominative Singular Masculine) |
| ἄνθρωπος | ἄνθρωπος | G444 | N-NSM (Nominative Singular Masculine) |
| διὰ | διά | G1223 | PREP |
| τὸ | ὁ | G3588 | T-ASN (Accusative Singular Neuter) |
| σάββατον | σάββατον | G4521 | N-ASN (Accusative Singular Neuter) |
Key observations: - egeneto (ἐγένετο, G1096): Aorist Middle Indicative -- "was made/came into being" -- points to a specific moment of creation (Genesis 2:2-3) - anthropon (ἄνθρωπον, G444): Generic "man/humanity" (not a specific nationality) -- the Sabbath was made for all humankind - dia + accusative: "on account of, for the sake of" -- the Sabbath exists FOR man's benefit
Mark 2:28¶
Greek Text: ὥστε κύριός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ τοῦ σαββάτου.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ὥστε | ὥστε | G5620 | CONJ (so that, therefore) |
| κύριός | κύριος | G2962 | N-NSM (Nominative Singular Masculine) |
| ἐστιν | εἰμί | G1510 | V-PAI-3S (Present Active Indicative 3rd Singular) |
| ὁ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSM (Nominative Singular Masculine) |
| Υἱὸς | υἱός | G5207 | N-NSM (Nominative Singular Masculine) |
| τοῦ | ὁ | G3588 | T-GSM (Genitive Singular Masculine) |
| ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | G444 | N-GSM (Genitive Singular Masculine) |
| καὶ | καί | G2532 | CONJ |
| τοῦ | ὁ | G3588 | T-GSN (Genitive Singular Neuter) |
| σαββάτου | σάββατον | G4521 | N-GSN (Genitive Singular Neuter) |
Key observations: - hoste (ὥστε): "so that/therefore" -- logical consequence from v.27; because the Sabbath was made for man, therefore the Son of man is Lord of it - kurios (κύριος, G2962): "Lord/Master/Owner" -- not "destroyer" or "abolisher"; He has authority over the Sabbath - estin (ἐστιν): Present tense -- ongoing, current lordship - tou sabbatou (τοῦ σαββάτου): Genitive of the thing ruled -- the Sabbath belongs to the Son of Man's domain
Luke 4:16¶
Greek Text: Καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς Ναζαρά, οὗ ἦν τεθραμμένος, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν κατὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων εἰς τὴν συναγωγήν, καὶ ἀνέστη ἀναγνῶναι.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| εἰσῆλθεν | εἰσέρχομαι | G1525 | V-2AAI-3S (Aorist Active Indicative) |
| κατὰ | κατά | G2596 | PREP ("according to") |
| τὸ | ὁ | G3588 | T-ASN |
| εἰωθὸς | εἴωθα | G1486 | V-2RAP-ASN (Perfect Active Participle Accusative Singular Neuter) |
| αὐτῷ | αὐτός | G846 | P-DSM (Dative Singular Masculine = "to him/for him") |
| ἐν | ἐν | G1722 | PREP ("on") |
| τῇ | ὁ | G3588 | T-DSF |
| ἡμέρᾳ | ἡμέρα | G2250 | N-DSF ("day") |
| τῶν | ὁ | G3588 | T-GPN |
| σαββάτων | σάββατον | G4521 | N-GPN (Genitive Plural Neuter = "of the sabbaths") |
| εἰς | εἰς | G1519 | PREP ("into") |
| τὴν | ὁ | G3588 | T-ASF |
| συναγωγήν | συναγωγή | G4864 | N-ASF ("synagogue") |
Key observations: - eiothos (εἰωθὸς, G1486): PERFECT Active Participle -- the perfect tense in Greek indicates a completed action with ongoing results. This is a SETTLED, ESTABLISHED habit. Not "on this occasion he went" but "according to what had become his established custom." - kata to eiothos auto: "according to the [thing] customary for him" = "as his custom was" - This same construction appears in Acts 17:2 for Paul: "kata to eiothos" = "as his manner was" - Both Jesus and Paul had a SETTLED CUSTOM of Sabbath synagogue attendance
Matthew 12:12¶
Greek Text: πόσῳ οὖν διαφέρει ἄνθρωπος προβάτου. ὥστε ἔξεστιν τοῖς σάββασιν καλῶς ποιεῖν.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| πόσῳ | πόσος | G4214 | Q-DSN (Interrogative -- "how much") |
| οὖν | οὖν | G3767 | CONJ ("therefore") |
| διαφέρει | διαφέρω | G1308 | V-PAI-3S ("is more valuable/differs") |
| ἄνθρωπος | ἄνθρωπος | G444 | N-NSM ("a man") |
| προβάτου | πρόβατον | G4263 | N-GSN ("than a sheep") |
| ὥστε | ὥστε | G5620 | CONJ ("so that/therefore") |
| ἔξεστιν | ἔξεστι(ν) | G1832 | V-PAI-3S (Present Active Indicative = "it is lawful") |
| τοῖς | ὁ | G3588 | T-DPN |
| σάββασιν | σάββατον | G4521 | N-DPN (Dative Plural Neuter = "on the sabbaths") |
| καλῶς | καλῶς | G2573 | ADV ("well/good") |
| ποιεῖν | ποιέω | G4160 | V-PAN (Present Active Infinitive = "to do") |
Key observations: - exestin (ἔξεστιν, G1832): Present Active Indicative -- "it IS lawful" (ongoing, timeless truth) - tois sabbasin: Dative Plural -- "on the sabbaths" (not just one occasion, but as a general principle) - kalos poiein: "to do well/good" -- Jesus defines the positive content of lawful Sabbath activity - The a fortiori argument: if a man is worth more than a sheep, then doing good for people on Sabbath is lawful
John 5:18¶
Greek Text: διὰ τοῦτο οὖν μᾶλλον ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἀποκτεῖναι, ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἔλυεν τὸ σάββατον, ἀλλὰ καὶ Πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγεν τὸν Θεόν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἔλυεν | λύω | G3089 | V-IAI-3S (Imperfect Active Indicative 3rd Singular) |
| τὸ | ὁ | G3588 | T-ASN |
| σάββατον | σάββατον | G4521 | N-ASN |
Key observations: - eluyen (ἔλυεν): Imperfect Active Indicative of luo (G3089) -- "he was breaking/loosing" - This is the NARRATOR reporting the JEWS' ACCUSATION, not a statement of fact by the inspired author - The same verb luo is used in Mat 5:19 ("whosoever shall break one of these least commandments") and John 10:35 ("the scripture cannot be broken") - In Luke 13:15, Jesus turns this same verb back on the Pharisees: "doth not each one of you on the sabbath loose (luei) his ox?"
Luke 13:15-16¶
Luke 13:15 Greek: ἀπεκρίθη δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος καὶ εἶπεν Ὑποκριταί, ἕκαστος ὑμῶν τῷ σαββάτῳ οὐ λύει τὸν βοῦν αὐτοῦ ἢ τὸν ὄνον ἀπὸ τῆς φάτνης καὶ ἀπαγαγὼν ποτίζει;
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Κύριος | κύριος | G2962 | N-NSM ("the Lord") |
| Ὑποκριταί | ὑποκριτής | G5273 | N-VPM (Vocative Plural Masculine = "Hypocrites!") |
| λύει | λύω | G3089 | V-PAI-3S (Present Active Indicative = "looses") |
| βοῦν | βοῦς | G1016 | N-ASM ("ox") |
| ὄνον | ὄνος | G3688 | N-ASM ("donkey") |
| φάτνης | φάτνη | G5336 | N-GSF ("manger/stall") |
Luke 13:16 Greek: ταύτην δὲ θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ οὖσαν, ἣν ἔδησεν ὁ Σατανᾶς ἰδοὺ δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἔτη, οὐκ ἔδει λυθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσμοῦ τούτου τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ σαββάτου;
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | G2364 | N-ASF ("daughter") |
| Ἀβραὰμ | Ἀβραάμ | G11 | N-PRI ("of Abraham") |
| ἔδησεν | δέω | G1210 | V-AAI-3S (Aorist Active Indicative = "bound") |
| Σατανᾶς | Σατανᾶς | G4567 | N-NSM ("Satan") |
| ἔδει | δεῖ | G1163 | V-IAI-3S (Imperfect Active Indicative = "it was necessary/ought") |
| λυθῆναι | λύω | G3089 | V-APN (Aorist Passive Infinitive = "to be loosed") |
| δεσμοῦ | δεσμός | G1199 | N-GSM ("bond/chain") |
| σαββάτου | σάββατον | G4521 | N-GSN (Genitive Singular Neuter) |
Key observations: - The wordplay on luo: The Pharisees "loose" (luei) animals on the Sabbath; ought not this woman "be loosed" (luthenai) from Satan's bondage on the Sabbath? - edei (ἔδει, G1163): "it was necessary/it ought" -- divine necessity; this is not optional but obligatory - The argument: If loosing animals for water is Sabbath-appropriate, how much more loosing a daughter of Abraham from 18 years of bondage? - Jesus calls them "hypocrites" (hupokritai) -- their standard is inconsistent