Raw Data: Strong's Concordance Lookups¶
H2852 — חָתַךְ (chathak)¶
Transliteration: châthak Pronunciation: khaw-thak Part of Speech: verb BLB Count: 1 (HAPAX LEGOMENON) Definition: a primitive root; properly, to cut off, i.e. (figuratively) to decree — determine. Occurrences: 1 total, 1 unique translation: - 1 (100%) "are determined" — Daniel 9:24
Morphology in Dan 9:24: נֶחְתַּךְ (nechtakh) = Niphal.Perfect.3ms
H4758 — מַרְאֶה (mar'eh)¶
Transliteration: marʼeh Pronunciation: mar-eh Part of Speech: masculine noun BLB Count: 103 Definition: from ra'ah; a view (the act of seeing); also an appearance (the thing seen), whether (real) a shape or (mental) a vision — apparently, appearance, countenance, fair, favoured, form, goodly, to look on, pattern, to see, seem, sight, visage, vision. Occurrences: 107 total, 61 unique translations - Top translations: "as the appearance" (11x), "favoured" (8x), "in sight" (7x), "the vision" (4x) - "the vision" occurrences: Ezekiel 11:24; Daniel 8:16; Daniel 8:27; Daniel 9:23 - Daniel occurrences: Dan 1:4, 1:13, 1:15, 8:15, 8:16, 8:26, 8:27, 9:23, 10:1, 10:6, 10:18
H2377 — חָזוֹן (chazon)¶
Transliteration: châzôwn Pronunciation: khaw-zone Part of Speech: masculine noun BLB Count: 35 Definition: from chazah; a sight (mentally), i.e. a dream, revelation, or oracle — vision. Occurrences: 37 total, 12 unique translations - Top translations: "the vision" (10x), "vision" (9x), "a vision" (3x) - "vision" in all occurrences: 1 Samuel 3:1; 1 Chronicles 17:15; Proverbs 29:18; Isaiah 29:7; Jeremiah 14:14; Lamentations 2:9; Ezekiel 12:22,23,24 - Daniel occurrences: Dan 1:17, 8:1(2x), 8:2, 8:13, 8:15, 8:17, 8:26, 9:21, 9:24, 10:14, 11:14
Mar'eh vs. Chazon Distribution in Daniel 8-9¶
| Verse | Mar'eh (H4758) | Chazon (H2377) |
|---|---|---|
| 8:1 | chazon (2x) | |
| 8:2 | chazon | |
| 8:13 | chazon | |
| 8:15 | mar'eh (appearance of a man) | he-chazon (THE vision) |
| 8:16 | ha-mar'eh (THE vision) | |
| 8:17 | he-chazon (THE vision) | |
| 8:26 | mar'eh (of evening-morning) | he-chazon (seal THE vision) |
| 8:27 | ha-mar'eh (THE vision) | |
| 9:21 | be-chazon (IN THE vision) | |
| 9:23 | ba-mar'eh (THE vision) | |
| 9:24 | chazon (seal up vision) |
Pattern: In Daniel 8, chazon = the whole symbolic vision; mar'eh = the specific appearance/time element. Daniel 8:26 places both in one verse with DISTINCT referents. Daniel 9:23 directs understanding specifically to the mar'eh.
H995 — בִּין (biyn)¶
Transliteration: bîyn Pronunciation: bene Part of Speech: verb BLB Count: 170 Definition: a primitive root; to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e. (generally) understand — attend, consider, be cunning, diligently, direct, discern, eloquent, feel, inform, instruct, have intelligence, know, look well to, mark, perceive, be prudent, regard, (can) skill(-full), teach, think, (cause, make to, get, give, have) understand(-ing), view, (deal) wise(-ly, man). Occurrences: 189 total, 125 unique translations - Top: "understand" (13x), "consider" (8x), "understanding" (5x)
Biyn Chain in Daniel 8-9¶
| Verse | Form | Parsing | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8:5 | (considering) | - | "as I was considering" |
| 8:15 | בִינָה (binah) | Noun.fs | "sought for understanding" |
| 8:16 | הָבֵן (haben) | Hiphil.Impv.2ms | "MAKE [him] understand" |
| 8:17 | הָבֵן (haben) | Hiphil.Impv.2ms | "Understand, O son of man" |
| 8:23 | מֵבִין (mebin) | Hiphil.Ptcp | "understanding dark sentences" |
| 8:27 | מֵבִין (mebin) | Hiphil.Ptcp | "none understood" |
| 9:2 | בִּינֹתִי (binoti) | Qal.Perf.1s | "I understood by books" |
| 9:22 | וַיָּבֶן (va-yaben) | Hiphil.Wayq.3ms | "he gave understanding" |
| 9:22 | בִינָה (binah) | Noun.fs | "skill and understanding" |
| 9:23 | וּבִין (u-vin) | Qal.Impv.2ms | "understand the matter" |
| 9:23 | וְהָבֵן (ve-haven) | Hiphil.Impv.2ms | "understand the vision" |
| 10:1 | הֵבִין (hebin) | Hiphil.Perf.3ms | "he understood" |
| 10:11 | הָבֵן (haben) | Hiphil.Impv.2ms | "understand the words" |
| 10:12 | לְהָבִין (le-habin) | Hiphil.InfCon | "to understand" |
| 12:8 | אָבִינָה (avinah) | Qal.Impf.1s | "I understood not" |
| 12:10 | יָבִינוּ (yavinu) | Qal.Impf.3mp | "the wise shall understand" |
H6663 — צָדַק (tsadaq)¶
Transliteration: tsâdaq Pronunciation: tsaw-dak Part of Speech: verb BLB Count: 41 Definition: a primitive root; to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense) — cleanse, clear self, (be, do) just(-ice, -ify, -ify self), (be turn to) righteous(-ness). Occurrences: 54 total, 45 unique translations - Top: "be justified" (4x), "righteous" (2x), "justify" (2x), "just" (2x) - "be cleansed" (1x) = Daniel 8:14 — this is the ONLY time tsadaq is translated "cleansed" - The standard semantic range is forensic/legal: justify, vindicate, be righteous, declare just
Daniel occurrences of tsadaq root: - Dan 8:14: נִצְדַּק (nitsdaq) — Niphal.Perf.3ms = "be vindicated/justified/cleansed" - Dan 9:24: צֶדֶק (tsedeq) — Noun.ms.Cst = "righteousness" (everlasting righteousness) - Dan 12:3: (related usage in wider context)
H7620 — שָׁבוּעַ (shabuwa)¶
Transliteration: shâbûwaʻ Pronunciation: shaw-boo Part of Speech: masculine noun BLB Count: 20 Definition: properly, passive participle of shaba as a denominative of sheba; literally, sevened, i.e. a week (specifically, of years) — seven, week. Occurrences: 24 total, 10 unique translations - "weeks" (9x), "of weeks" (4x), "week" (3x)
All H7620 Occurrences¶
| Reference | Translation | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Gen 29:27 | "week" | "Fulfil her WEEK" — a YEAR-WEEK (7 years of service) |
| Gen 29:28 | "week" | "fulfilled her WEEK" — confirms year-week usage |
| Exo 34:22 | "of weeks" | Feast of Weeks |
| Lev 12:5 | "two weeks" | Purification period |
| Num 28:26 | "of weeks" | Feast of Weeks |
| Deu 16:9 | "weeks" (2x) | "Seven WEEKS shalt thou number" |
| Deu 16:10 | "of weeks" | Feast of Weeks |
| Deu 16:16 | "of weeks" | Feast of Weeks |
| Jdg 14:12 | "of seven" | Samson's wedding feast |
| 2Ch 8:13 | "of weeks" | Feast of Weeks |
| Jer 5:24 | "weeks" | "appointed weeks of harvest" |
| Dan 9:24 | "weeks" | "Seventy WEEKS are determined" |
| Dan 9:25 | "weeks" (2x) | "seven WEEKS, and threescore and two WEEKS" |
| Dan 9:26 | "weeks" | "after threescore and two WEEKS" |
| Dan 9:27 | "week" + "the week" | "one WEEK... midst of THE WEEK" |
| Dan 10:2 | "weeks" | "mourning three full WEEKS" — YAMIM added |
| Dan 10:3 | "weeks" | "three whole WEEKS" — YAMIM added |
Critical observation: In Dan 10:2-3, Daniel adds YAMIM (days) to shabuim = "weeks of DAYS" (literal weeks). In Dan 9:24-27, shabuim appears WITHOUT yamim = year-weeks (as in Gen 29:27-28). The qualifier "of days" distinguishes literal weeks from the unmarked year-weeks.
H6680 — צָוָה (tsavah)¶
Transliteration: tsâvâh Pronunciation: tsaw-vaw Part of Speech: verb BLB Count: 494 Definition: a primitive root; (intensively) to constitute, enjoin — appoint, (for-)bid, (give a) charge, (give a, give in, send with) command(-er, -ment), send a messenger, put, (set) in order. Relevant to DAN 9:25: "from the going forth of the commandment (davar/word) to restore and to build Jerusalem"
H1504 — גָּזַר (gazar) — COMPARISON WORD¶
Transliteration: gâzar Pronunciation: gaw-zar Part of Speech: verb BLB Count: 13 Definition: a primitive root; to cut down or off; (figuratively) to destroy, divide, exclude, or decide — cut down (off), decree, divide, snatch. Occurrences: 13 total - "he was cut off" (2x), "Divide" (1x), "cut down" (1x), "was decreed" (1x), "decree" (1x), "are cut off" (1x), "cut off" (1x) - Used in Job 22:28, Esther 2:1, Isaiah 53:8, Lamentations 3:54, Ezekiel 37:11, Psalms 136:13
Significance: If Daniel wanted simply to say "decreed/determined" in 9:24, he had gazar available. He chose chathak instead — a word whose PRIMARY meaning is "to cut off."
H2782 — חָרַץ (charats) — COMPARISON WORD¶
Transliteration: chârats Pronunciation: khaw-rats Part of Speech: verb BLB Count: 12 Definition: a primitive root; properly, to point sharply, i.e. (literally) to wound; figuratively, to be alert, to decide — bestir self, decide, decree, determine, maim, move. Occurrences: 14 total - "even determined" (2x), "determined" (1x), "decreed" (1x), "are determined" (1x), "that determined" (1x) - Used in Daniel 9:26 ("desolations are determined") and Daniel 9:27 ("that determined"), and Daniel 11:36
Critical observation: Daniel uses charats (H2782) in 9:26 and 9:27 when he means "determined/decreed." But in 9:24, he uses chathak (H2852) instead. If both words meant the same thing, why switch? Because chathak carries the additional "cut off" meaning that charats does not.