Raw Hebrew Parsing Data¶

Daniel 8:3 (Ram description)¶

וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה׀ אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד עֹמֵ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֻבָ֖ל וְלֹ֣ו קְרָנָ֑יִם וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם גְּבֹהֹ֗ות וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃

Key parsing:
- קְרָנָ֑יִם (qeranayim) — Noun.fd.Abs — horn (FEMININE dual)
- הַקְּרָנַ֣יִם (haqqeranayim) — Noun.fd.Abs — horn (FEMININE dual)
- הָאַחַת֙ (ha'achat) — Noun.fs.Abs — one (FEMININE singular)

Daniel 8:4 (Ram becomes great)¶

רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ יָ֨מָּה וְצָפֹ֜ונָה וָנֶ֗גְבָּה וְכָל־חַיֹּות֙ לֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּדֹ֑ו וְעָשָׂ֥ה כִרְצֹנֹ֖ו וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃

Key parsing:
- הִגְדִּֽיל (higgdil) — Verb.HIPHIL.Perf.3ms from גדל — "became great" (CAUSATIVE stem)
- Direction: west (yammah), north (tsafonah), south (negbah)
- NO modifier (me'od/yether) — just bare higgdil

Daniel 8:5 (He-goat arrives)¶

וַאֲנִ֣י׀ הָיִ֣יתִי מֵבִ֗ין וְהִנֵּ֤ה צְפִיר־הָֽעִזִּים֙ בָּ֤א מִן־הַֽמַּעֲרָב֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין נֹוגֵ֖עַ בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהַ֨צָּפִ֔יר קֶ֥רֶן חָז֖וּת בֵּ֥ין עֵינָֽיו׃

Key parsing:
- קֶ֥רֶן (qeren) — Noun.fs.Cst — horn (FEMININE singular CONSTRUCT)
- חָז֖וּת (chazut) — Noun.fs.Abs — vision (FEMININE singular) — "horn of vision" = "notable horn"

Daniel 8:8 (Goat becomes very great; four horns)¶

וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וּכְעָצְמֹ֗ו נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ הַקֶּ֣רֶן הַגְּדֹולָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֜נָה חָז֤וּת אַרְבַּע֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּחֹ֥ות הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

Key parsing:
- הִגְדִּ֣יל (higgdil) — Verb.HIPHIL.Perf.3ms from גדל — "became great" (CAUSATIVE stem)
- עַד־מְאֹ֑ד (ad me'od) — Prep + Noun.ms — "unto very" = "very [great]"
  GOAT = Hiphil higgdil + ad me'od = "became VERY great"
- חָז֤וּת (chazut) — Noun.fs.Abs — vision (FEMININE singular) — the four "notable [horns]"
- אַרְבַּע֙ (arba') — four
- רוּחֹ֥ות (ruchot) — Noun.fp.Cst — winds (FEMININE PLURAL construct)
- תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ (tachteha) — Noun.mp.Abs+3fs — "in its place" (FEMININE suffix = refers to qeren, the great horn)

Daniel 8:9 (CRITICAL — Little horn emerges)¶

וּמִן־הָאַחַ֣ת מֵהֶ֔ם יָצָ֥א קֶֽרֶן־אַחַ֖ת מִצְּעִירָ֑ה וַתִּגְדַּל־יֶ֛תֶר אֶל־הַנֶּ֥גֶב וְאֶל־הַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְאֶל־הַצֶּֽבִי׃

CRITICAL PARSING:
- הָאַחַ֣ת (ha'achat) — Noun.FEMININE.s.Abs — "the one" (FEMININE)
- מֵהֶ֔ם (mehem) — Prep.+3MASCULINE.PLURAL — "from THEM" (MASCULINE plural suffix)
  ** GENDER DISCORD: feminine ha'achat + masculine mehem in same prepositional phrase **
  Potential antecedents:
    - חָזוּת (chazut, "notable horns") = FEMININE
    - רוּחוֹת (ruchot, "winds") = FEMININE
    Both potential antecedents are FEMININE, but the suffix is MASCULINE.
- יָצָ֥א (yatsa) — Verb.Qal.Perf.3MASCULINE.s — "went out" (MASCULINE verb)
- קֶֽרֶן (qeren) — Noun.fs.Abs — horn (FEMININE)
- אַחַ֖ת (achat) — Noun.fs.Abs — one (FEMININE)
- מִצְּעִירָ֑ה (mits'eirah) — Noun.FEMININE.s.Abs — "from littleness" (HAPAX LEGOMENON, H4704)
  * Only occurrence in entire OT
  * Feminine noun from root צער (tsa'ar) = "to be small"
- וַתִּגְדַּל (wattigdal) — Verb.Qal.Wayq.3FEMININE.s from גדל — "and it grew great" (FEMININE verb — agrees with qeren)
  ** VERB GENDER SWITCH: yatsa (3ms) → wattigdal (3fs) **
  The horn "goes out" with masculine verb but "grows" with feminine verb
- יֶ֛תֶר (yether) — Noun.ms.Abs — "remainder, excess, surplus" (H3499)
  LITTLE HORN = Qal tigdal + yether = "grew EXCEEDINGLY/SURPASSINGLY great"
  * Different stem from ram and goat (Qal vs Hiphil)
  * Different modifier from goat (yether vs me'od)
- Direction: south (negev), east (mizrach), beauty/pleasant land (tsebi)

Daniel 8:10 (Horn grows to host of heaven)¶

וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל עַד־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתַּפֵּ֥ל אַ֛רְצָה מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכֹּוכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃

Key parsing:
- וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל (wattigdal) — Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs — "and it grew great" (FEMININE — agrees with qeren)
- וַתַּפֵּ֥ל (wattappel) — Verb.Hiphil.Wayq.3fs — "and it caused to fall" (FEMININE)
- וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם (wattirmsem) — Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs+3mp — "and it trampled them" (FEMININE verb + MASCULINE pl. suffix)

Daniel 8:11 (Magnified against Prince of host)¶

וְעַ֥ד שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א הִגְדִּ֑יל וּמִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ הוּרַ֣ם הַתָּמִ֔יד וְהֻשְׁלַ֖ךְ מְכֹ֥ון מִקְדָּשֹֽׁו׃

Key parsing:
- שַֽׂר (sar) — Noun.ms.Cst — "chief, prince" (CONSTRUCT)
- הִגְדִּ֑יל (higgdil) — Verb.HIPHIL.Perf.3ms — "magnified [himself]" (MASCULINE — now referring to the power behind the horn)
  ** GENDER SWITCH AGAIN: 8:10 feminine wattigdal → 8:11 masculine higgdil **
- הַתָּמִ֔יד (hattamid) — Art + Noun.ms.Abs from H8548 — "THE CONTINUAL/PERPETUAL"
  * NOTE: "sacrifice" is NOT in the Hebrew; tamid = "continual"
- מִקְדָּשֹֽׁו (miqdashsho) — Noun.ms.Abs+3ms — "his sanctuary"

Daniel 8:12 (Host given against tamid)¶

וְצָבָ֗א תִּנָּתֵ֛ן עַל־הַתָּמִ֖יד בְּפָ֑שַׁע

Key parsing:
- הַתָּמִ֖יד (hattamid) — "THE continual" (again, no "sacrifice" in Hebrew)
- בְּפָ֑שַׁע (befpesha') — Prep + Noun.ms.Abs — "by/in transgression" (H6588)

Daniel 8:13 (Two desolating powers)¶

עַד־מָתַ֞י הֶחָזֹ֤ון הַתָּמִיד֙ וְהַפֶּ֣שַׁע שֹׁמֵ֔ם תֵּ֛ת וְקֹ֥דֶשׁ וְצָבָ֖א מִרְמָֽס׃

CRITICAL PARSING:
- הַתָּמִיד֙ (hattamid) — Art + Noun.ms.Abs — "THE continual" (H8548)
- וְ (ve) — Conj — "AND" (connecting two separate nouns)
- הַפֶּ֣שַׁע (happesha') — Art + Noun.ms.Abs — "THE transgression/rebellion" (H6588)
- שֹׁמֵ֔ם (shomem) — Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs from שׁמם — "desolating" / "that makes desolate"
  * STRUCTURE: "the vision — THE CONTINUAL AND THE TRANSGRESSION OF DESOLATION — to give..."
  * Two distinct nouns connected by conjunction ve: ha-tamid + ha-pesha shomem

Daniel 8:22-23 (Gabriel's interpretation — gender discord parallel)¶

8:22: וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת וַתַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה אַרְבַּ֖ע תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ אַרְבַּ֧ע מַלְכֻיֹ֛ות מִגֹּ֥וי יַעֲמֹ֖דְנָה וְלֹ֥א בְכֹחֹֽו׃

Key parsing:
- מַלְכֻיֹ֛ות (malkuyot) — Noun.FEMININE.p.Abs — "kingdoms" (FEMININE PLURAL)

8:23: וּֽבְאַחֲרִית֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ם כְּהָתֵ֖ם הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים יַעֲמֹ֛ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עַז־פָּנִ֖ים וּמֵבִ֥ין חִידֹֽות׃

Key parsing:
- מַלְכוּתָ֔ם (malkutam) — Noun.fs.Abs+3MASCULINE.p — "their kingdom"
  ** GENDER DISCORD PARALLEL: feminine malkuyot (8:22) but MASCULINE suffix -am on malkutam (8:23) **
  This is the EXACT same phenomenon as 8:9: a feminine noun (kingdoms) with a masculine plural suffix
- עַז (az) — Adj.ms.Cst — "strong/fierce" (H5794)
- פָּנִ֖ים (panim) — Noun.mp.Abs — "faces/countenance" (H6440)
  ** az panim = "fierce countenance" — exact same construction as Deut 28:50 **
- חִידֹֽות (chidot) — Noun.fp.Abs — "riddles/dark sentences"

Daniel 8:25 (Broken without hand)¶

וְעַל־שִׂכְלֹ֗ו וְהִצְלִ֤יחַ מִרְמָה֙ בְּיָדֹ֔ו וּבִלְבָבֹ֣ו יַגְדִּ֔יל וּבְשַׁלְוָ֖ה יַשְׁחִ֣ית רַבִּ֑ים וְעַ֤ל־שַׂר־שָׂרִים֙ יַעֲמֹ֔ד וּבְאֶ֥פֶס יָ֖ד יִשָּׁבֵֽר׃

Key parsing:
- יַגְדִּ֔יל (yagdil) — Verb.HIPHIL.Impf.3ms — "he shall magnify [himself]" (MASCULINE)
  * bilbavo (in his heart) — PERSONAL magnification, not territorial growth
  * NOTE: When gadal means personal pride, Daniel adds bilbab ("in heart")
- שַׂר־שָׂרִים֙ (sar sarim) — Noun.ms.Cst + Noun.mp.Abs — "Prince of princes" (= Christ)
- בְאֶ֥פֶס יָ֖ד (be'efes yad) — "without hand" = "in the end/ceasing of hand"
  * Parallel to Dan 2:34,45 "stone cut out without hands"
- יִשָּׁבֵֽר (yishaber) — Verb.NIPHAL.Impf.3ms from שׁבר — "he shall be broken" (PASSIVE)

Deuteronomy 28:49-50 (Nation of fierce countenance)¶

28:49: יִשָּׂ֣א יְהוָה֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ גֹּ֤וי מֵרָחֹוק֙ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִדְאֶ֖ה הַנָּ֑שֶׁר גֹּ֕וי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תִשְׁמַ֖ע לְשֹׁנֹֽו׃
- גֹּ֤וי (goy) — Noun.ms.Abs — "nation"
- מֵרָחֹוק֙ (merachok) — from far
- הַנָּ֑שֶׁר (hannasher) — "the eagle" — eagle standard was Rome's emblem

28:50: גֹּ֖וי עַ֣ז פָּנִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־יִשָּׂ֤א פָנִים֙ לְזָקֵ֔ן וְנַ֖עַר לֹ֥א יָחֹֽן׃
- עַ֣ז (az) — Adj.ms.Cst — "strong/fierce" (H5794)
- פָּנִ֑ים (panim) — Noun.mp.Abs — "faces/countenance" (H6440)
  ** EXACT same words as Dan 8:23: az panim = "fierce countenance" **
  The phrase az panim occurs in ONLY these two passages in the OT.

Daniel 11:4 (Four winds parallel — masculine acherim)¶

וּכְעָמְדֹו֙ תִּשָּׁבֵ֣ר מַלְכוּתֹ֔ו וְתֵחָ֕ץ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּחֹ֣ות הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְלֹ֣א לְאַחֲרִיתֹ֗ו וְלֹ֤א כְמָשְׁלֹו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָשָׁ֔ל כִּ֤י תִנָּתֵשׁ֙ מַלְכוּתֹ֔ו וְלַאֲחֵרִ֖ים מִלְּבַד־אֵֽלֶּה׃

Key parsing:
- רוּחֹ֣ות (ruchot) — Noun.FEMININE.p.Cst — "winds" (FEMININE plural)
- לַאֲחֵרִ֖ים (la'acherim) — Prep + Adj.MASCULINE.p.Abs — "to others" (MASCULINE plural)
  ** GENDER NOTE: ruchot is FEMININE but acherim is MASCULINE — referring to the Greek successors as persons (masculine) not winds (feminine) **
  This is a directional/geographic → political transfer, just as in 8:9 with mehem