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Raw Greek Parsing Data

Mark 1:15

Greek: καὶ λέγων ὅτι Πεπλήρωται ὁ καιρὸς καὶ ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ· μετανοεῖτε καὶ πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ.

Word Lemma Strong's Parsing
καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
λέγων λέγω G3004 V-PAP-NSM (Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M)
ὅτι ὅτι G3754 CONJ
Πεπλήρωται πληρόω G4137 V-RPI-3S (Perf Pass Ind Sg 3rd)
G3588 T-NSM (Art Nom Sg M)
καιρὸς καιρός G2540 N-NSM (Nom Sg M)
καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
ἤγγικεν ἐγγίζω G1448 V-RAI-3S (Perf Act Ind Sg 3rd)
G3588 T-NSF (Art Nom Sg F)
βασιλεία βασιλεία G932 N-NSF (Nom Sg F)
τοῦ G3588 T-GSM (Art Gen Sg M)
Θεοῦ· θεός G2316 N-GSM (Gen Sg M)
μετανοεῖτε μετανοέω G3340 V-PAM-2P (Pres Act Impv Pl 2nd)
καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
πιστεύετε πιστεύω G4100 V-PAM-2P (Pres Act Impv Pl 2nd)
ἐν ἐν G1722 PREP
τῷ G3588 T-DSN (Art Dat Sg N)
εὐαγγελίῳ. εὐαγγέλιον G2098 N-DSN (Dat Sg N)

Key observations: - Πεπλήρωται (peplērotai) = Perfect Passive Indicative 3rd Singular of πληρόω (G4137, "to fill/fulfil"). The PERFECT tense indicates a completed action with continuing results: "has been fulfilled" and remains so. The PASSIVE voice indicates an external agent brought the time to its completion -- the time was fulfilled by God's action. - καιρὸς (kairos, G2540) = "the appointed time" / "the right moment" -- NOT chronos (ordinary time). Kairos implies a divinely designated, opportune season. - ἤγγικεν (ēngiken) = Perfect Active Indicative of ἐγγίζω (G1448, "to draw near"). Also perfect tense: "has drawn near" and remains near. - Two imperatives follow: μετανοεῖτε (repent!) and πιστεύετε (believe!) -- present tense = ongoing action.

Galatians 4:4

Greek: ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου, ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον,

Word Lemma Strong's Parsing
ὅτε ὅτε G3753 ADV (when)
δὲ δέ G1161 CONJ (but/and)
ἦλθεν ἔρχομαι G2064 V-2AAI-3S (Aor Act Ind Sg 3rd)
τὸ G3588 T-NSN (Art Nom Sg N)
πλήρωμα πλήρωμα G4138 N-NSN (Nom Sg N)
τοῦ G3588 T-GSM (Art Gen Sg M)
χρόνου, χρόνος G5550 N-GSM (Gen Sg M)
ἐξαπέστειλεν ἐξαποστέλλω G1821 V-AAI-3S (Aor Act Ind Sg 3rd)
G3588 T-NSM (Art Nom Sg M)
Θεὸς θεός G2316 N-NSM (Nom Sg M)
τὸν G3588 T-ASM (Art Acc Sg M)
Υἱὸν υἱός G5207 N-ASM (Acc Sg M)
αὐτοῦ, αὐτός G846 P-GSM (Gen Sg M)
γενόμενον γίνομαι G1096 V-2ADP-ASM (Aor Mid Ptcp Acc Sg M)
ἐκ ἐκ G1537 PREP
γυναικός, γυνή G1135 N-GSF (Gen Sg F)
γενόμενον γίνομαι G1096 V-2ADP-ASM (Aor Mid Ptcp Acc Sg M)
ὑπὸ ὑπό G5259 PREP
νόμον, νόμος G3551 N-ASM (Acc Sg M)

Key observations: - πλήρωμα (plēroma, G4138) = "fullness/completion" -- the noun form related to pleroo (G4137) used in Mrk 1:15. "The fullness of the time" implies a measured period that has been completely filled up. - χρόνου (chronou, G5550) = genitive of χρόνος (chronos) -- "of time." Note: Paul uses chronos here (duration/measured time) rather than kairos (appointed moment). The "fullness of the chronos" = a measured period of time has reached completion. - ἦλθεν (ēlthen) = Aorist Active Indicative: "came" -- a punctiliar, completed event. When the measured time was complete, God acted. - ἐξαπέστειλεν (exapesteilen) = Aorist Active Indicative of ἐξαποστέλλω: "sent forth" -- intensified form of apostellō.

Luke 3:1

Greek: Ἐν ἔτει δὲ πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ τῆς ἡγεμονίας Τιβερίου Καίσαρος...

Word Lemma Strong's Parsing
Ἐν ἐν G1722 PREP
ἔτει ἔτος G2094 N-DSN (Dat Sg N)
δὲ δέ G1161 CONJ
πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ πεντεκαιδέκατος G4003 A-DSN (Dat Sg N)
τῆς G3588 T-GSF (Art Gen Sg F)
ἡγεμονίας ἡγεμονία G2231 N-GSF (Gen Sg F)
Τιβερίου Τιβέριος G5086 N-GSM (Gen Sg M)
Καίσαρος, Καῖσαρ G2541 N-GSM (Gen Sg M)
ἡγεμονεύοντος ἡγεμονεύω G2230 V-PAP-GSM (Pres Act Ptcp Gen Sg M)
Ποντίου Πόντιος G4194 N-GSM
Πειλάτου Πιλᾶτος G4091 N-GSM
τῆς Ἰουδαίας Ἰουδαία G2449 N-GSF (Gen Sg F)

Key observations: - Luke provides a precise chronological anchor: "in the fifteenth year (πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ) of the reign (ἡγεμονίας) of Tiberius Caesar." - ἡγεμονίας (hēgemonias, G2231) = "leadership/reign/governorship" -- genitive describing whose reign is meant. - ἔτει (etei) = dative of ἔτος (G2094, "year") -- specifying the year. - This is Luke's methodical dating technique -- he anchors the event in Roman imperial chronology and lists 6 political figures to fix the date precisely.