Raw Greek Parsing Data¶
Mark 1:15¶
Greek: καὶ λέγων ὅτι Πεπλήρωται ὁ καιρὸς καὶ ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ· μετανοεῖτε καὶ πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | καί | G2532 | CONJ |
| λέγων | λέγω | G3004 | V-PAP-NSM (Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M) |
| ὅτι | ὅτι | G3754 | CONJ |
| Πεπλήρωται | πληρόω | G4137 | V-RPI-3S (Perf Pass Ind Sg 3rd) |
| ὁ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSM (Art Nom Sg M) |
| καιρὸς | καιρός | G2540 | N-NSM (Nom Sg M) |
| καὶ | καί | G2532 | CONJ |
| ἤγγικεν | ἐγγίζω | G1448 | V-RAI-3S (Perf Act Ind Sg 3rd) |
| ἡ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSF (Art Nom Sg F) |
| βασιλεία | βασιλεία | G932 | N-NSF (Nom Sg F) |
| τοῦ | ὁ | G3588 | T-GSM (Art Gen Sg M) |
| Θεοῦ· | θεός | G2316 | N-GSM (Gen Sg M) |
| μετανοεῖτε | μετανοέω | G3340 | V-PAM-2P (Pres Act Impv Pl 2nd) |
| καὶ | καί | G2532 | CONJ |
| πιστεύετε | πιστεύω | G4100 | V-PAM-2P (Pres Act Impv Pl 2nd) |
| ἐν | ἐν | G1722 | PREP |
| τῷ | ὁ | G3588 | T-DSN (Art Dat Sg N) |
| εὐαγγελίῳ. | εὐαγγέλιον | G2098 | N-DSN (Dat Sg N) |
Key observations: - Πεπλήρωται (peplērotai) = Perfect Passive Indicative 3rd Singular of πληρόω (G4137, "to fill/fulfil"). The PERFECT tense indicates a completed action with continuing results: "has been fulfilled" and remains so. The PASSIVE voice indicates an external agent brought the time to its completion -- the time was fulfilled by God's action. - καιρὸς (kairos, G2540) = "the appointed time" / "the right moment" -- NOT chronos (ordinary time). Kairos implies a divinely designated, opportune season. - ἤγγικεν (ēngiken) = Perfect Active Indicative of ἐγγίζω (G1448, "to draw near"). Also perfect tense: "has drawn near" and remains near. - Two imperatives follow: μετανοεῖτε (repent!) and πιστεύετε (believe!) -- present tense = ongoing action.
Galatians 4:4¶
Greek: ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου, ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον,
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ὅτε | ὅτε | G3753 | ADV (when) |
| δὲ | δέ | G1161 | CONJ (but/and) |
| ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | G2064 | V-2AAI-3S (Aor Act Ind Sg 3rd) |
| τὸ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSN (Art Nom Sg N) |
| πλήρωμα | πλήρωμα | G4138 | N-NSN (Nom Sg N) |
| τοῦ | ὁ | G3588 | T-GSM (Art Gen Sg M) |
| χρόνου, | χρόνος | G5550 | N-GSM (Gen Sg M) |
| ἐξαπέστειλεν | ἐξαποστέλλω | G1821 | V-AAI-3S (Aor Act Ind Sg 3rd) |
| ὁ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSM (Art Nom Sg M) |
| Θεὸς | θεός | G2316 | N-NSM (Nom Sg M) |
| τὸν | ὁ | G3588 | T-ASM (Art Acc Sg M) |
| Υἱὸν | υἱός | G5207 | N-ASM (Acc Sg M) |
| αὐτοῦ, | αὐτός | G846 | P-GSM (Gen Sg M) |
| γενόμενον | γίνομαι | G1096 | V-2ADP-ASM (Aor Mid Ptcp Acc Sg M) |
| ἐκ | ἐκ | G1537 | PREP |
| γυναικός, | γυνή | G1135 | N-GSF (Gen Sg F) |
| γενόμενον | γίνομαι | G1096 | V-2ADP-ASM (Aor Mid Ptcp Acc Sg M) |
| ὑπὸ | ὑπό | G5259 | PREP |
| νόμον, | νόμος | G3551 | N-ASM (Acc Sg M) |
Key observations: - πλήρωμα (plēroma, G4138) = "fullness/completion" -- the noun form related to pleroo (G4137) used in Mrk 1:15. "The fullness of the time" implies a measured period that has been completely filled up. - χρόνου (chronou, G5550) = genitive of χρόνος (chronos) -- "of time." Note: Paul uses chronos here (duration/measured time) rather than kairos (appointed moment). The "fullness of the chronos" = a measured period of time has reached completion. - ἦλθεν (ēlthen) = Aorist Active Indicative: "came" -- a punctiliar, completed event. When the measured time was complete, God acted. - ἐξαπέστειλεν (exapesteilen) = Aorist Active Indicative of ἐξαποστέλλω: "sent forth" -- intensified form of apostellō.
Luke 3:1¶
Greek: Ἐν ἔτει δὲ πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ τῆς ἡγεμονίας Τιβερίου Καίσαρος...
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ἐν | ἐν | G1722 | PREP |
| ἔτει | ἔτος | G2094 | N-DSN (Dat Sg N) |
| δὲ | δέ | G1161 | CONJ |
| πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ | πεντεκαιδέκατος | G4003 | A-DSN (Dat Sg N) |
| τῆς | ὁ | G3588 | T-GSF (Art Gen Sg F) |
| ἡγεμονίας | ἡγεμονία | G2231 | N-GSF (Gen Sg F) |
| Τιβερίου | Τιβέριος | G5086 | N-GSM (Gen Sg M) |
| Καίσαρος, | Καῖσαρ | G2541 | N-GSM (Gen Sg M) |
| ἡγεμονεύοντος | ἡγεμονεύω | G2230 | V-PAP-GSM (Pres Act Ptcp Gen Sg M) |
| Ποντίου | Πόντιος | G4194 | N-GSM |
| Πειλάτου | Πιλᾶτος | G4091 | N-GSM |
| τῆς Ἰουδαίας | Ἰουδαία | G2449 | N-GSF (Gen Sg F) |
Key observations: - Luke provides a precise chronological anchor: "in the fifteenth year (πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ) of the reign (ἡγεμονίας) of Tiberius Caesar." - ἡγεμονίας (hēgemonias, G2231) = "leadership/reign/governorship" -- genitive describing whose reign is meant. - ἔτει (etei) = dative of ἔτος (G2094, "year") -- specifying the year. - This is Luke's methodical dating technique -- he anchors the event in Roman imperial chronology and lists 6 political figures to fix the date precisely.