Topics Research¶

Question¶

Greek aionios (G166) -- all 71 NT occurrences. Compare aidios (G126). "Eis tous aionas ton aionon" in ~20 passages. LXX usage. Does aionios inherently mean "eternal/endless" or does it mean "pertaining to the age" with duration determined by the nature of the subject?

Topics¶

ETERNITY (Nave's)¶

God inhabits: Isa 57:15; Mic 5:2
God rules: Jer 10:10
See GOD, ETERNITY OF
Unclassified scriptures: Psa 30:12; 41:13; 72:17; 90:2; 110:4; 119:142; Mat 6:13; 18:8; 2 Cor 9:9; Jude 1:6
See LIFE, EVERLASTING
See PUNISHMENT, ETERNAL

IMMORTALITY (Nave's)¶

General scriptures: Gen 5:24; 2 Sam 12:23; 2 Ki 2:11; Neh 9:5; Job 4:17-21; 14:13; Psa 16:10,11; 21:4; 22:26; 23:6; 31:5; 36:9; 37:18,27; 49:7-9,14,15; 73:26; 86:12; 102:4,25-28; 121:8; 133:3; 145:1,2; Pro 14:32; Ecc 3:21; 12:7; Isa 14:9; 25:8; 26:19; 38:18,19; Eze 32:31; Dan 12:2,3; Mat 10:28; 16:26; 19:16,17; 25:46; Mk 10:30; 12:26,27; Lk 9:25; 10:25-28; 20:36-38; Jn 3:14-16,36; 5:39,40; 6:39,40,44,47,50,51,53,54,58; 10:28; 11:25,26; 14:19; 17:2,3; Act 20:32; 23:8,9; 26:7,8,18; Rom 2:7; 6:22,23; 1 Cor 15:12-55; Gal 6:8; Col 1:5,6; 1 Th 4:13-18; 5:10; 2 Th 1:7-9; 2:16; 1 Tim 4:8; 6:12,19; 2 Tim 1:9,10; Tit 1:2; 3:7; Heb 9:15; 10:34; 11:5,10,13-16; 1 Pet 1:3-5; 1 Jn 2:17,25; 5:13; Jude 1:21; Rev 1:7; 3:4; 22:5

PUNISHMENT, ETERNAL (Nave's)¶

Isa 34:8-10; Dan 12:2; Mat 3:12; 10:28; 18:8; 25:41,46; Mk 3:29; Lk 3:17; Jn 5:29; Heb 6:2; 10:28-31; Rev 14:10,11; 19:3; 20:10
See WICKED, PUNISHMENT OF

FIRE, EVERLASTING (Nave's)¶

Isa 33:14; Mat 18:8; 25:41; Mk 9:44
Fire of the destruction of the wicked: Mat 13:42,50; 25:41; Mk 9:44; Rev 9:2; 21:8
Fire as judgment: Deu 4:24; 32:22; Isa 33:14; Jer 23:29; Amo 1:4,7,10,12,14; 2:2; Mal 3:2; Lk 12:49; Rev 20:9

Usage Categories for Aionios (G166)¶

Category A: Aionios Applied to God and His Nature¶

Rom 1:20 (NOTE: uses aidios G126, not aionios -- but relevant for comparison)
Rom 16:26 ("the everlasting God")
1 Pet 5:10 ("the God of all grace... hath called you unto his eternal glory")
2 Pet 1:11 ("the everlasting kingdom of our Lord")

Category B: Aionios Applied to Life/Salvation (~42 occurrences)¶

The largest category. "Eternal life" (zoe aionios) is the single most common phrase using aionios. - Mat 19:16,29; 25:46; Mk 10:17,30; Lk 10:25; 18:18,30 - Jn 3:15,16,36; 4:14,36; 5:24,39; 6:27,40,47,54,68; 10:28; 12:25,50; 17:2,3 - Act 13:46,48; Rom 2:7; 5:21; 6:22,23; Gal 6:8; 1 Tim 1:16; 6:12,19; Tit 1:2; 3:7 - 1 Jn 1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11,13,20; Jude 1:21 - Also: Heb 5:9 ("eternal salvation"); Heb 9:12 ("eternal redemption"); Heb 9:15 ("eternal inheritance") - 2 Cor 4:17; 2 Tim 2:10; 1 Pet 5:10 ("eternal glory") - 2 Cor 5:1 ("eternal in the heavens"); 2 Th 2:16 ("everlasting consolation")

Category C: Aionios Applied to Punishment/Judgment (~7 occurrences)¶

Mat 18:8 ("everlasting fire")
Mat 25:41 ("everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels")
Mat 25:46 ("everlasting punishment")
Mk 3:29 ("eternal damnation" / "eternal sin")
2 Th 1:9 ("everlasting destruction")
Heb 6:2 ("eternal judgment")
Jude 1:7 ("the vengeance of eternal fire" -- applied to Sodom)

Category D: Aionios Applied to Past Time (3 occurrences)¶

Rom 16:25 ("since the world began" -- literally "in aionios times")
2 Tim 1:9 ("before the world began" -- literally "before aionios times")
Tit 1:2 ("before the world began" -- literally "before aionios times")

Category E: Aionios Applied to Other Subjects¶

Lk 16:9 ("everlasting habitations")
2 Cor 4:18 ("things which are not seen are eternal")
Heb 9:14 ("through the eternal Spirit")
Heb 13:20 ("the blood of the everlasting covenant")
Rev 14:6 ("the everlasting gospel")

Aidios (G126) -- Both Occurrences¶

Rom 1:20 ("his eternal power and Godhead")
Jude 1:6 ("everlasting chains under darkness")

"Eis Tous Aionas Ton Aionon" Formula (~22 occurrences)¶

Applied to God/Christ (doxological -- praise/glory) ~18x: Gal 1:5; Phil 4:20; 1 Tim 1:17; 2 Tim 4:18; Heb 1:8; Heb 13:21; 1 Pet 4:11; 1 Pet 5:11; Rev 1:6; Rev 1:18; Rev 4:9; Rev 4:10; Rev 5:13; Rev 5:14; Rev 7:12; Rev 10:6; Rev 11:15; Rev 15:7; Rev 22:5

Applied to judgment/punishment (3x): Rev 14:11; Rev 19:3; Rev 20:10

ETERNAL LIFE, EVERLASTING LIFE, EVERLASTING PUNISHMENT, EVERLASTING FIRE, FUTURE PUNISHMENT all redirect to the entries documented above
WRATH: Cross-references PUNISHMENT, ETERNAL
Nave's PUNISHMENT, ETERNAL lists same verses as the judgment category above

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