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Raw Strong's Lookups — etc-07

H5769: olam (עוֹלָם)

Lookup Summary

  • Total occurrences: 432
  • Top translations:
  • "for ever" — 198 (45.8%)
  • "ever" — 70 (16.2%)
  • "everlasting" — 56 (13.0%)
  • "perpetual" — 22 (5.1%)
  • "of old" — 13 (3.0%)
  • "evermore" — 8 (1.9%)
  • "old" — 7 (1.6%)
  • "for evermore" — 7 (1.6%)
  • "never" — 6 (1.4%)
  • "from everlasting" — 5 (1.2%)
  • "ancient" — 4 (0.9%)
  • "always" — 3 (0.7%)
  • "of old time" — 3 (0.7%)
  • 27 additional minor translations

Lexicon Entry

  • Transliteration: ʻôwlâm
  • Pronunciation: o-lawm
  • Part of Speech: masculine noun (n-m)
  • BLB Count: 439
  • Definition: or עֹלָם ʻôlâm; from; properly, concealed, i.e. the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial (especially with prepositional prefix) always: — alway(-s), ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for, (n-)) ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of) old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world (without end).

KEY NOTE: The root meaning is "concealed" — referring to the vanishing point of time, time beyond the horizon of sight. This inherently indicates indefiniteness rather than mathematical infinity.

LXX Mapping (Greek translations)

Top translations in the Septuagint: 1. G165 αἰών (aion) — count: 287, PMI: 5.55 — "an age; by extension, perpetuity" 2. G166 αἰώνιος (aionios) — count: 100, PMI: 5.67 — "perpetual (also used of past time)" 3. G1074 γενεά (genea) — count: 51, PMI: 4.37 — "a generation" 4. G3545 νομίμως (nomimos) — count: 30, PMI: 4.96 — "legitimately" 5. G1656 ἔλεος (eleos) — count: 57, PMI: 3.85 — "compassion" 6. G1519 εἰς (eis) — count: 255, PMI: 1.73 — "to, into" 7. G1242 διαθήκη (diatheke) — count: 30, PMI: 2.62 — "a covenant, disposition"

KEY OBSERVATION: The LXX primarily translates olam with aion (287x) and aionios (100x), both of which carry the same semantic ambiguity — "age" or "age-lasting" rather than strictly "eternal." The 51 translations as "generation" confirm the finite-duration sense.

H5703: ad (עַד)

Lookup Summary

  • Total occurrences: 51
  • Top translations:
  • "for ever" — 25 (49.0%)
  • "and ever" — 14 (27.5%)
  • "for" — 3 (5.9%)
  • "everlasting" — 2 (3.9%)
  • "eternity" — 1 (2.0%)
  • "old" — 1 (2.0%)
  • "perpetually" — 1 (2.0%)

Lexicon Entry

  • Transliteration: ʻad
  • Pronunciation: ad
  • Part of Speech: masculine noun (n-m)
  • BLB Count: 49
  • Definition: from; properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity (substantially as a noun, either with or without a preposition): — eternity, ever(-lasting, -more), old, perpetually, world without end.

KEY NOTE: The root meaning includes "terminus" (endpoint), suggesting duration advancing toward a goal rather than absolute endlessness.

LXX Mapping

  1. G165 αἰών (aion) — count: 33, PMI: 5.57
  2. G3306 μένω (meno) — count: 4, PMI: 5.30 — "to stay, remain"
  3. G622 ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi) — count: 6, PMI: 3.52 — "to destroy fully"
  4. G1519 εἰς (eis) — count: 33, PMI: 1.92

H5331: netsach (נֶצַח)

Lookup Summary

  • Total occurrences: 44
  • Top translations:
  • "for ever" — 21 (47.7%)
  • "perpetual" — 3 (6.8%)
  • "never" — 3 (6.8%)
  • "always" — 2 (4.5%)
  • "ever" — 2 (4.5%)
  • "the Strength" — 1 (2.3%)
  • "victory" — 1 (2.3%)
  • "the end" — 1 (2.3%)

Lexicon Entry

  • Transliteration: netsach
  • Pronunciation: neh-tsakh
  • Part of Speech: masculine noun (n-m)
  • BLB Count: 43
  • Definition: or נֵצַח nêtsach; from; properly, a goal, i.e. the bright object at a distance travelled towards; hence (figuratively), splendor, or (subjectively) truthfulness, or (objectively) confidence; but usually (adverbially), continually (i.e. to the most distant point of view): — alway(-s), constantly, end, (n-) ever(more), perpetual, strength, victory.

KEY NOTE: Root meaning is "a goal" — the bright object at a distance. This is explicitly about perspective and distance, not mathematical infinity. "To the most distant point of view" = as far as one can see.

LXX Mapping

  1. G5056 τέλος (telos) — count: 19, PMI: 6.41 — "an end, goal"
  2. G4219 πότε (pote) — count: 5, PMI: 6.22 — "when?"
  3. G165 αἰών (aion) — count: 10, PMI: 4.05
  4. G1950 ἐπιλανθάνομαι (epilanthanomai) — count: 5, PMI: 4.89 — "to forget"
  5. G622 ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi) — count: 6, PMI: 3.73 — "to destroy fully"

KEY OBSERVATION: The LXX most frequently translates netsach as telos ("end/goal"), reinforcing the "goal/endpoint" rather than "endlessness" semantics.

H8548: tamid (תָּמִיד)

Lookup Summary

  • Total occurrences: 105
  • Top translations:
  • "continually" — 53 (50.5%)
  • "the continual" — 17 (16.2%)
  • "continual" — 9 (8.6%)
  • "the daily" — 7 (6.7%)
  • "always" — 6 (5.7%)
  • "alway" — 4 (3.8%)
  • "perpetual" — 2 (1.9%)
  • "ever" — 2 (1.9%)

Lexicon Entry

  • Transliteration: tâmîyd
  • Pronunciation: taw-meed
  • Part of Speech: masculine noun (n-m)
  • BLB Count: 104
  • Definition: from an unused root meaning to stretch; properly, continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially, constantly); elliptically the regular (daily) sacrifice: — alway(-s), continual (employment, -ly), daily, (n-)ever(-more), perpetual.

KEY NOTE: Most commonly used for the daily/continual sacrifice, not for ontological eternity. The root means "to stretch" — indefinite extension, not absolute endlessness.

LXX Mapping

  1. G1223 διά (dia) — count: 84, PMI: 4.43 — "through, by means of"
  2. G2378 θυσία (thysia) — count: 19, PMI: 3.86 — "sacrifice"
  3. G3646 ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokautoma) — count: 13, PMI: 4.02 — "burnt offering"
  4. G3956 πᾶς (pas) — count: 87, PMI: 2.25 — "all, every"

KEY OBSERVATION: The overwhelming association with sacrifice/offering confirms tamid as a liturgical/temporal term, not an ontological eternity term.

H5957: alam (עָלַם) — Aramaic

Lookup Summary

  • Total occurrences: 20
  • Top translations:
  • "for ever" — 8 (40.0%)
  • "ever" — 4 (20.0%)
  • "everlasting" — 4 (20.0%)
  • "old" — 2 (10.0%)
  • "never" — 1 (5.0%)
  • "and ever" — 1 (5.0%)

Lexicon Entry

  • Transliteration: ʻâlam
  • Pronunciation: aw-lam
  • Part of Speech: masculine noun (n-m)
  • BLB Count: 20
  • Definition: (Aramaic) corresponding to; remote time, i.e. the future or past indefinitely; often adverb, forever: — for (n-)ever (lasting), old.

KEY NOTE: The Aramaic form directly corresponds to Hebrew olam and carries the same semantic range — "remote time" past or future, "indefinitely." Used primarily in Daniel.

Key Occurrences in Daniel

  • Dan 2:4 — "O king, live for ever" (courtly greeting)
  • Dan 2:20 — "from age to age" (min-alam ve-ad-alam)
  • Dan 2:44 — kingdom that shall "never be destroyed... stand for ever"
  • Dan 3:9; 5:10; 6:6,21,26 — "live for ever" (courtly greeting)
  • Dan 4:3,34 — "everlasting kingdom/dominion"
  • Dan 7:14,18,27 — "everlasting dominion" / saints possess kingdom "for ever"
  • Ezra 4:15,19 — "of old" (past time reference)

KEY OBSERVATION: The courtly greeting "O king, live forever" is never understood literally — the king will die. This confirms the non-literal, contextual nature of the term even in Aramaic usage.