| E001 |
Man was formed from dust of the ground |
Gen 2:7 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E002 |
God breathed the breath of life (neshamah) into man's nostrils |
Gen 2:7 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E003 |
Man became a living soul (nephesh chayyah) |
Gen 2:7 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E004 |
Animals are called nephesh chayyah (living creatures/souls) |
Gen 1:20-21, 24, 30; 2:19 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E005 |
Man is dust and shall return to dust |
Gen 3:19 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03 |
| E006 |
Man was barred from the tree of life to prevent living forever |
Gen 3:22-24 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-03, etc-07 |
| E007 |
All flesh (humans and animals) has the breath of life (ruach chayyim) |
Gen 7:15, 22 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E008 |
Man and beast have "one breath" (ruach) and the same fate - death and return to dust |
Ecc 3:19-20 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E009 |
At death, the dust returns to earth and the spirit (ruach) returns to God who gave it |
Ecc 12:7 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E010 |
When God takes away breath (ruach), creatures die and return to dust |
Ps 104:29 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E011 |
When breath (ruach) departs, in that same day his thoughts perish |
Ps 146:4 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E012 |
If God withdraws his ruach and neshamah, all flesh perishes and returns to dust |
Job 34:14-15 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E013 |
The body without spirit (pneuma) is dead |
James 2:26 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03 |
| E014 |
The nephesh (life/soul) of the flesh is in the blood |
Lev 17:11, 14 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-10 |
| E015 |
Animals are explicitly called nephesh |
Num 31:28 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E015b |
Nephesh is used for dead bodies (nephesh meth = "dead soul/body") |
Lev 21:11; Num 6:6 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
|
| E016 |
The soul (nephesh) that sins shall die |
Ezek 18:4, 20 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-03, etc-10, etc-17 |
| E017 |
In death there is no remembrance of God; in the grave no one gives thanks |
Ps 6:5 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-05, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E018 |
The dead praise not the LORD; they go down into silence |
Ps 115:17 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-05, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E019 |
The dead know not anything; they have no more reward; their memory is forgotten |
Ecc 9:5 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E020 |
The dead's love, hatred, and envy have perished; they have no portion in anything under the sun |
Ecc 9:6 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E021 |
In the grave there is no work, device, knowledge, or wisdom |
Ecc 9:10 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-05, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E022 |
The grave cannot praise God; those in the pit cannot hope; only the living praise |
Isa 38:18-19 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-05, etc-09 |
| E023 |
Those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake |
Dan 12:2 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-06, etc-14 |
| E024 |
God only has immortality (athanasia) |
1 Tim 6:16 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02 |
| E025 |
Those who seek for immortality (aphtharsia) receive eternal life |
Rom 2:7 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-14 |
| E026 |
This mortal must put on immortality (athanasia) at resurrection |
1 Cor 15:53-54 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-04 |
| E027 |
Christ brought life and immortality (aphtharsia) to light through the gospel |
2 Tim 1:10 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-03 |
| E028 |
Men can kill the body but not the soul; God can destroy both soul and body in gehenna |
Matt 10:28 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-03, etc-05, etc-06, etc-19 |
| E029 |
Paul mentions spirit, soul, and body together |
1 Thess 5:23 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E030 |
The first man Adam was made a living soul (psyche) |
1 Cor 15:45 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E031 |
The first man is of the earth, earthy |
1 Cor 15:47 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E032 |
Man is made in the image/likeness of God |
Gen 1:26-27; 9:6; Gen 5:1 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E033 |
There is a spirit (ruach) in man, and the inspiration (neshamah) of the Almighty gives understanding |
Job 32:8 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E034 |
The Spirit (ruach) of God made Elihu; the breath (neshamah) of the Almighty gave him life |
Job 33:4 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E035 |
God gives breath (neshamah) to people and spirit (ruach) to those who walk on the earth |
Isa 42:5 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E036 |
God gives to all life (zoe) and breath (pnoe) and all things |
Acts 17:25 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02 |
| E037 |
God forms the spirit (ruach) of man within him |
Zec 12:1 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E038 |
Shall mortal (enosh) man be more just than God? |
Job 4:17 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02 |
| E039 |
Death is described as "sleep" by seven or more biblical authors |
Deut 31:16; Job 14:12; Dan 12:2; John 11:11; Acts 7:60; 1 Cor 15:51; 1 Thess 4:14 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E040 |
The dead in Christ rise first; then the living are caught up to meet the Lord |
1 Thess 4:16-17 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E041 |
Man lies down and does not rise till the heavens be no more; they shall not awake nor be raised out of their sleep |
Job 14:12 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E042 |
The dead man's sons come to honour and he knows it not; they are brought low and he perceives it not |
Job 14:21 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E043 |
Death is a place where the wicked cease from troubling, the weary are at rest, prisoners hear not the voice of the oppressor |
Job 3:17-18 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-09 |
| E044 |
The dead shall not arise and praise; God's wonders are not known in the dark or in the land of forgetfulness |
Ps 88:10-12 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04, etc-05 |
| E045 |
Dust cannot praise God or declare his truth |
Ps 30:9 |
Cond. |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-03, etc-04 |
| E046 |
It is appointed unto men once to die, then after this the judgment |
Heb 9:27 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-03 |
| E047 |
Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; corruption cannot inherit incorruption |
1 Cor 15:50 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02 |
| E048 |
Soul (nephesh) and spirit (ruach) are used in poetic parallelism |
Isa 26:9; Luke 1:46-47 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E049 |
Paul expresses willingness to be absent from the body and present with the Lord; desires to be clothed upon, not unclothed |
2 Cor 5:4,8 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-02, etc-04 |
| E050 |
Paul desires to depart and be with Christ |
Phil 1:23 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-04 |
| E051 |
Jesus tells the thief, "Verily I say unto thee, today shalt thou be with me in paradise" (Greek has no punctuation) |
Luke 23:43 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-04 |
| E052 |
Jesus says "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit (pneuma)" |
Luke 23:46 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01 |
| E053 |
Stephen says "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit (pneuma)" and then "fell asleep" |
Acts 7:59-60 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-04 |
| E054 |
On resurrection morning Jesus says he has not yet ascended to the Father |
John 20:17 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-04 |
| E055 |
Resurrection is depicted as God putting breath/spirit (ruach) back into dead bodies, and they live |
Ezek 37:5-10,14 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-04 |
| E056 |
Daniel is told he will rest and stand in his lot at the end of the days |
Dan 12:13 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
etc-01, etc-04, etc-10 |
| E057 |
God is called immortal (aphthartos); he is the King eternal, immortal, invisible |
1 Tim 1:17 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E058 |
Man is corruptible (phthartos); God is uncorruptible (aphthartos); these are placed in direct contrast |
Rom 1:23 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E059 |
The human body is called mortal (thnetos) |
Rom 6:12 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E060 |
God will quicken (zoopoieo) believers' mortal (thnetos) bodies by his Spirit |
Rom 8:11 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E061 |
The life of Jesus is made manifest in mortal (thnetos) flesh |
2 Cor 4:11 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E062 |
Paul desires to be clothed upon, not unclothed, that mortality (thnetos) might be swallowed up of life |
2 Cor 5:4 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E063 |
The body is sown in corruption (phthora); it is raised in incorruption (aphtharsia) |
1 Cor 15:42 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E064 |
The dead shall be raised incorruptible (aphthartos), and we shall be changed |
1 Cor 15:52 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E065 |
The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death |
1 Cor 15:26 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03, etc-13 |
| E066 |
By man came death; by man came also the resurrection of the dead; in Adam all die, in Christ all shall be made alive |
1 Cor 15:21-22 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03 |
| E067 |
No man can redeem his brother from death; the redemption of the soul is precious and ceases forever; man is like the beasts that perish |
Ps 49:7-9, 12, 20 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E068 |
God will redeem the psalmist's soul from the power of the grave (sheol) |
Ps 49:15 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-05 |
| E069 |
God will not leave the Holy One's soul in sheol nor suffer him to see corruption |
Ps 16:10 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E070 |
David's body saw corruption (diaphthora); Christ's body did not see corruption |
Acts 2:29-31; 13:36-37 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E071 |
The righteous has hope in his death |
Prov 14:32 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E072 |
God will swallow up death in victory |
Isa 25:8 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03, etc-13 |
| E073 |
The dead shall live; they that dwell in dust shall awake and sing; the earth shall cast out the dead |
Isa 26:19 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-04 |
| E074 |
Those accounted worthy of the resurrection can die no more (ouketi); they are equal unto the angels and are children of the resurrection |
Luke 20:36 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E075 |
Whosoever believes in Christ shall not perish but have everlasting life |
John 3:16 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-06, etc-08 |
| E076 |
He that believes not the Son shall not see life |
John 3:36 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-08 |
| E077 |
The Father has life in himself; he has given to the Son to have life in himself |
John 5:26 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E078 |
Those who have done good rise to the resurrection of life; those who have done evil to the resurrection of damnation |
John 5:29 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-04, etc-14 |
| E079 |
Jesus says "ye will not come to me, that ye might have life" |
John 5:40 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E080 |
Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, ye have no life in you |
John 6:53 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E081 |
Jesus says he will raise believers up at the last day |
John 6:39, 40, 44, 54 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-04 |
| E082 |
Jesus gives eternal life; recipients shall never perish |
John 10:28 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E083 |
Jesus is the resurrection and the life; he that believes, though dead, shall live |
John 11:25 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E084 |
Because Christ lives, believers shall live also |
John 14:19 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E085 |
Eternal life is given by Christ to those the Father has given him; eternal life is knowing the only true God and Jesus Christ |
John 17:2-3 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-08 |
| E086 |
By one man's offence death reigned; by Christ grace reigns through righteousness unto eternal life |
Rom 5:17, 21 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E087 |
The wages of sin is death; the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ |
Rom 6:23 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03, etc-06, etc-08, etc-17 |
| E088 |
He that sows to the flesh reaps corruption (phthora); he that sows to the Spirit reaps everlasting life |
Gal 6:8 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-06, etc-08 |
| E089 |
The creation shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption (phthora) into the liberty of the children of God; believers groan, waiting for the redemption of the body |
Rom 8:21, 23 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E090 |
The wicked shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord |
2 Thess 1:9 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03, etc-06, etc-08, etc-14, etc-15 |
| E091 |
Eternal life is a promise from God, promised before the world began |
Tit 1:2 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E092 |
Those called receive the promise of eternal inheritance |
Heb 9:15 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E093 |
Believers have an incorruptible (aphthartos) inheritance reserved in heaven, a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time |
1 Pet 1:4-5 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E094 |
Born again of incorruptible (aphthartos) seed -- the word of God |
1 Pet 1:23 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E095 |
The wicked are compared to natural brute beasts, made to be taken and destroyed; they shall utterly perish in their own corruption (phthora) |
2 Pet 2:12 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03, etc-06 |
| E096 |
God has given to us eternal life, and this life is in his Son; he that has the Son has life; he that has not the Son has not life |
1 John 5:11-12 |
Cond. |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03, etc-08 |
| E097 |
Eternal life is the promise God has promised us |
1 John 2:25 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E098 |
He that does the will of God abides forever |
1 John 2:17 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E099 |
Unto God the Lord belong the issues from death |
Ps 68:20 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03 |
| E100 |
God is Israel's life and the length of their days; life and death are set before them to choose |
Deut 30:15, 19-20 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02, etc-03 |
| E101 |
Through God's promises believers become partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption (phthora) in the world |
2 Pet 1:4 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E102 |
The hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible (aphthartos), the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit |
1 Pet 3:4 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E103 |
Athletes strive for a corruptible crown; believers for an incorruptible (aphthartos) crown |
1 Cor 9:25 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E104 |
It is the spirit that quickens; the flesh profits nothing |
John 6:63 |
Neutral |
etc-02 |
etc-02 |
| E105 |
God warned Adam "in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die" (mot tamut -- emphatic death construction) |
Gen 2:17 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E106 |
The serpent said "Ye shall not surely die" -- directly contradicting God's death warning |
Gen 3:3-4 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E107 |
By one man sin entered the world, and death by sin; death passed upon all men, for all have sinned |
Rom 5:12 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E108 |
Death reigned from Adam to Moses; by one man's offence death reigned; sin reigned unto death |
Rom 5:14,17,21 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E109 |
Death is swallowed up in victory; the sting of death is sin; the strength of sin is the law |
1 Cor 15:54-57 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E110 |
Christ destroyed him that had the power of death (the devil) and delivered those in bondage to fear of death |
Heb 2:14-15 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E111 |
Jesus explicitly equates "sleep" with "dead": "Lazarus sleepeth... Lazarus is dead" |
John 11:11-14 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-04 |
| E112 |
Believers were dead in trespasses and sins; God quickened (made alive) them together with Christ |
Eph 2:1,5 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E113 |
Those dead in sins and uncircumcision of flesh were quickened together with Christ |
Col 2:13 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E114 |
She that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth |
1 Tim 5:6 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E115 |
He that heareth Christ's word and believeth hath everlasting life and is passed from death unto life |
John 5:24 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E116 |
To be carnally minded is death; to be spiritually minded is life and peace |
Rom 8:6 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E117 |
He that loveth not his brother abideth in death |
1 John 3:14 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E118 |
The unsaved are alienated from the life of God |
Eph 4:18 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E119 |
Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived and slew Paul |
Rom 7:11 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E120 |
If ye live after the flesh, ye shall die; but if through the Spirit ye mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live |
Rom 8:13 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E121 |
He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death |
Rev 2:11 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E122 |
On those in the first resurrection the second death hath no power |
Rev 20:6 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E123 |
Death and hades were cast into the lake of fire; this is the second death |
Rev 20:14 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-04, etc-05, etc-14 |
| E124 |
The wicked have their part in the lake of fire; which is the second death |
Rev 21:8 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-05, etc-11, etc-12, etc-13 |
| E125 |
The devil was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone; tormented day and night for ever and ever; the subjects are the devil, the beast, and the false prophet |
Rev 20:10 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-05, etc-08, etc-11, etc-12, etc-13, etc-15 |
| E126 |
The cursed depart into everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels; everlasting punishment vs. life eternal |
Matt 25:41,46 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-06, etc-08, etc-14, etc-15 |
| E127 |
Gehenna: the fire that never shall be quenched; where their worm dieth not (quoting Isa 66:24 which describes corpses) |
Mark 9:43-44 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-05, etc-15 |
| E128 |
Those who commit such things are worthy of death |
Rom 1:32 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E129 |
Sin when finished brings forth death |
James 1:15 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E130 |
Dead to sin, buried with Christ by baptism into death; old man crucified, body of sin destroyed |
Rom 6:2-11 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E131 |
If ye be dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world |
Col 2:20 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E132 |
The LORD killeth and maketh alive; bringeth down to the grave and bringeth up |
1 Sam 2:6 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E133 |
I kill and I make alive; I wound and I heal |
Deut 32:39 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E134 |
What man liveth and shall not see death? Shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? |
Ps 89:48 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E135 |
God turns man to destruction |
Ps 90:3 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E136 |
I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death; O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction |
Hos 13:14 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E137 |
Christ was dead, is alive for evermore, and has the keys of hades and death |
Rev 1:18 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-05 |
| E138 |
There shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, nor pain |
Rev 21:4 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E139 |
Death is personified as a rider on a pale horse; hades follows with him |
Rev 6:8 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-05 |
| E140 |
Believers who have died, if we believe Jesus died and rose, God will bring with him; asleep in Jesus |
1 Thess 4:14 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03, etc-04 |
| E141 |
There is a way which seemeth right, but the end thereof are the ways of death |
Prov 14:12 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E142 |
The mot tamut emphatic construction used in Gen 2:17 is the same form used for judicial death penalties in the Torah, where it invariably means actual death |
Gen 2:17; Exod 21:12ff |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E143 |
Adam died at 930 years; he did not physically die "in the day" he ate |
Gen 5:5 |
Neutral |
etc-03 |
etc-03 |
| E144 |
He that goeth down to the grave (sheol) shall come up no more; shall return no more to his house |
Job 7:9-10 |
Cond. |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05 |
| E145 |
Death is the land of darkness and shadow of death, without any order, where light is as darkness |
Job 10:21-22 |
Cond. |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05 |
| E146 |
The grave (sheol) is a house; bed in darkness; rest together in dust |
Job 17:13-16 |
Cond. |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05 |
| E147 |
Those that have been long dead dwell in darkness |
Ps 143:3 |
Cond. |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E148 |
The dead (rephaim) shall not live; the deceased shall not rise; their memory has perished |
Isa 26:14 |
Cond. |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05, etc-06 |
| E149 |
The righteous enters into peace; they rest in their beds |
Isa 57:1-2 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E150 |
Jesus says "the maid is not dead, but sleepeth" of a dead girl (3 Synoptic accounts) |
Matt 9:24; Mark 5:39; Luke 8:52 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E151 |
David "fell on sleep, and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption" |
Acts 13:36 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E152 |
Paul uses koimao (sleep) as standard term for the dead |
1 Cor 15:6,18,51 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E153 |
They shall sleep a perpetual sleep and not wake |
Jer 51:39 |
Cond. |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E154 |
Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord; they rest from their labours |
Rev 14:13 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-10, etc-11 |
| E155 |
In a parable, the rich man is depicted in hades in torments; Lazarus in Abraham's bosom; the point: "They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them" |
Luke 16:19-31 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05, etc-09, etc-10, etc-15 |
| E156 |
In an apocalyptic vision, souls under the altar cry "How long?" and are told to rest |
Rev 6:9-11 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-10, etc-15 |
| E157 |
An apparition identified as Samuel speaks to Saul through a medium, a forbidden practice |
1 Sam 28:11-19 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E158 |
At the Transfiguration, Moses and Elijah appear; Jesus calls this "the vision" |
Matt 17:3,9 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E159 |
Christ preached by the Spirit unto the spirits in prison, disobedient in Noah's days |
1 Pet 3:18-20 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E160 |
The Spirit of Christ was in the OT prophets |
1 Pet 1:10-11 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E161 |
Martha believed resurrection was at the last day; Jesus did not correct this timing |
John 11:24-25 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E162 |
David is dead, buried, his sepulchre is with us; David is not ascended into the heavens |
Acts 2:29,34 |
Cond. |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-09 |
| E163 |
Jesus says "I will come again, and receive you unto myself" |
John 14:3 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E164 |
The OT heroes died in faith, not having received the promises; they without us should not be made perfect |
Heb 11:13,39-40 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E165 |
The crown of righteousness is given at "that day" -- Christ's appearing |
2 Tim 4:8 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E166 |
Jacob expected to go down to sheol unto his dead son |
Gen 37:35 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E167 |
Both righteous and wicked go to sheol |
Gen 37:35; Ps 9:17; Ps 16:10; Num 16:33 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05 |
| E168 |
Peter quotes Ps 16:10 (sheol) using hades, confirming equivalence; Christ's soul was not left in hades |
Acts 2:27,31 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05, etc-09 |
| E169 |
God's presence reaches sheol |
Ps 139:8 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E170 |
Deliverance from sheol is equated with resurrection |
Ps 16:10; 49:15; Hos 13:14; 1 Sam 2:6 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05 |
| E171 |
Isaiah 14:9-10 is a mashal (taunt-poem) using personification of sheol, trees, and rephaim |
Isa 14:4,8-10 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04, etc-05, etc-09, etc-10 |
| E172 |
David says of his dead infant "I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me" |
2 Sam 12:23 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E173 |
Paul caught up to paradise/third heaven; whether in body or out he could not tell; a living person's vision |
2 Cor 12:2-4 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E174 |
"God is not the God of the dead, but of the living" -- in context of arguing for the resurrection |
Matt 22:31-32; Luke 20:37-38 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-04 |
| E175 |
The word of God divides asunder soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow |
Heb 4:12 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
|
| E176 |
Blessed are those who do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life |
Rev 22:14 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
|
| E177 |
KJV translates sheol as "grave" 31x and "hell" 27x; same Hebrew word receives both translations |
H7585 distribution |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E178 |
LXX translates sheol (H7585) as hades (G86) in 58 of ~65 instances |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E179 |
Job requests to be hidden in sheol as a refuge from God's wrath, asking God to remember him |
Job 14:13 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E180 |
The grave (sheol) consumes those which have sinned |
Job 24:19 |
Cond. |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E181 |
Like sheep the wicked are laid in sheol; death feeds on them; their beauty consumes in the grave |
Ps 49:14 |
Cond. |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E182 |
Sheol and abaddon (destruction) are paired together before the LORD |
Prov 15:11; 27:20; Job 26:6 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E183 |
Ezekiel 32:21,27 is prophetic lamentation: warriors "speak" but lie with swords under heads (sleep imagery) |
Ezek 32:21,27 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E184 |
Sheol is personified as insatiable, enlarging itself, opening its mouth |
Isa 5:14; Prov 30:16; Hab 2:5 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E185 |
Sheol is used as a spatial extreme opposite heaven, indicating depth rather than punishment |
Ps 139:8; Amos 9:2; Job 11:8 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E186 |
The gates of hades shall not prevail against the church |
Matt 16:18 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E187 |
Capernaum shall be brought down to hades (spatial opposite of heaven) |
Matt 11:23; Luke 10:15 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E188 |
Paul pairs hades with death in victory celebration, quoting Hosea 13:14 |
1 Cor 15:55 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E189 |
It is profitable that one member perish (apollumi) and not the whole body be cast into gehenna |
Matt 5:29-30 |
Cond. |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-19 |
| E190 |
The alternative to gehenna is consistently "enter into life": life vs. gehenna |
Matt 18:9; Mark 9:43,45,47 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-19 |
| E191 |
God, after he has killed, has power to cast into gehenna |
Luke 12:5 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-19 |
| E192 |
Isaiah 66:24 describes "carcases" (peger = dead bodies/corpses) of transgressors consumed by worm and fire |
Isa 66:24 |
Cond. |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-14, etc-15 |
| E193 |
Gehenna derives from ge-Hinnom (Valley of the son of Hinnom), a real geographic location |
Josh 15:8; 18:16 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E194 |
The Valley of Hinnom was a site of child sacrifice to Molech |
2 Ki 23:10; 2 Chr 28:3; 33:6; Jer 7:31; 32:35 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E195 |
Jeremiah renamed the Valley of Hinnom as "the valley of slaughter"; burial till no room |
Jer 7:32; 19:6 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E196 |
Tophet is ordained of old with fire and brimstone; the breath of the LORD kindles it |
Isa 30:33 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E197 |
No gehenna passage uses torment vocabulary (basanizo/basanismos/kolasis) for human beings |
All 12 gehenna passages |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-19 |
| E198 |
Jesus uses gehenna 11 times; James uses it once; all 12 NT occurrences |
G1067 distribution |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E199 |
Tartaroo is a verb (to cast into Tartarus), used once, applied only to angels, never to humans |
2 Pet 2:4 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E200 |
Angels that sinned cast down to tartaroo, in chains of darkness, reserved unto judgment |
2 Pet 2:4 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E201 |
Angels reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day |
Jude 1:6 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E202 |
Sodom suffering vengeance of eternal fire is set forth as an example (cities not still burning) |
Jude 1:7 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-06, etc-08, etc-11 |
| E203 |
Hades is cast INTO the lake of fire; they are demonstrably distinct entities |
Rev 20:14 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E204 |
When humans enter the lake of fire, the identifying term is "second death," not "torment" |
Rev 20:15; 21:8 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-11, etc-12, etc-13, etc-15 |
| E205 |
The beast and false prophet are symbolic entities in Revelation's apocalyptic framework, not individual humans |
Rev 19:20 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-11, etc-12 |
| E206 |
Basanizo has a wide semantic range: sickness, waves, moral distress, childbirth, punishment |
Multiple |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-11, etc-12 |
| E207 |
Kolasis (punishment) occurs only twice in NT: Matt 25:46 and 1 John 4:18 |
Matt 25:46; 1 John 4:18 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05, etc-08, etc-12, etc-14, etc-15 |
| E208 |
Skolex (worm/maggot) occurs 3 times in Mark 9:44,46,48, quoting Isa 66:24 about corpses |
Mark 9:44,46,48 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E209 |
Rephaim (shades) are the inhabitants of sheol; described as powerless and inactive |
Job 26:5; Prov 9:18; Isa 14:9; 26:14 |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E210 |
Concept_context tool categorizes hades (G86) under DEATH concept, not as separate theological category |
Acts 2:27 analysis |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E211 |
LXX translations of sheol include descending vocabulary, death, destruction -- no torment vocabulary appears |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-05 |
etc-05 |
| E212 |
LXX translates abad (H6) as apollymi (G622) 141 times (PMI 30.45) |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E213 |
LXX translates shamad (H8045) as apollymi (G622) 23 times and exairo 12 times |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E214 |
LXX translates kalah (H3615) as synteleo 85 times, ekleipo 30 times, pauo 15 times |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E215 |
LXX translates shachath (H7843) as diaphtheiro 48 times and phtheiro 6 times |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E216 |
The way of the ungodly shall perish (abad) |
Psa 1:6 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E217 |
The wicked shall perish (abad)... they shall consume (kalah); into smoke shall they consume away |
Psa 37:20 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-11 |
| E218 |
Yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be; his place shall not be |
Psa 37:10 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E219 |
The transgressors shall be destroyed (shamad) together: the end of the wicked shall be cut off |
Psa 37:38 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E220 |
As wax melteth before the fire, so let the wicked perish (abad) |
Psa 68:2 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E221 |
The wicked shall be destroyed (shamad) for ever |
Psa 92:7 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-07 |
| E222 |
The enemies of the LORD shall perish (abad) |
Psa 92:9 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E223 |
The LORD preserveth them that love him: but all the wicked will he destroy (shamad) |
Psa 145:20 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E224 |
Consume (kalah) them in wrath, that they may not be |
Psa 59:13 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E225 |
Let the sinners be consumed (kalah) out of the earth, and let the wicked be no more |
Psa 104:35 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E226 |
They that are far from thee shall perish (abad) |
Psa 73:27 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E227 |
They are utterly consumed (kalah) with terrors |
Psa 73:19 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E228 |
He shall perish (abad) for ever like his own dung |
Job 20:7 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E229 |
By the blast of God they perish (abad), by the breath of his nostrils consumed |
Job 4:9 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E230 |
When a wicked man dieth, his expectation shall perish (abad) |
Pro 11:7 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E231 |
He shall destroy (shamad) the sinners out of it |
Isa 13:9 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E232 |
They that forsake the LORD shall be consumed (kalah); the strong as tow, burn together |
Isa 1:28,31 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E233 |
Broad is the way that leadeth to destruction (apoleia); narrow the way to life |
Matt 7:13-14 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E234 |
Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish (apollymi) |
Luke 13:3,5 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E235 |
The flood destroyed (apollymi) them all; fire and brimstone destroyed (apollymi) them all |
Luke 17:27,29 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E236 |
Sinned without law shall also perish (apollymi) without law |
Rom 2:12 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E237 |
To them that perish (apollymi) foolishness; unto us which are saved, power of God |
1 Cor 1:18 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E238 |
If Christ be not raised, they fallen asleep in Christ are perished (apollymi) |
1 Cor 15:18 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E239 |
Not willing that any should perish (apollymi), but all come to repentance |
2 Pet 3:9 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-17 |
| E240 |
Whose end is destruction (apoleia) |
Phil 3:19 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E241 |
Reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition (apoleia) of ungodly men |
2 Pet 3:7 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E242 |
Vessels of wrath fitted to destruction (apoleia) |
Rom 9:22 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E243 |
Sudden destruction (olethros) cometh upon them, and they shall not escape |
1 Thess 5:3 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E244 |
Foolish and hurtful lusts drown men in destruction (olethros) and perdition (apoleia) |
1 Tim 6:9 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E245 |
The day shall burn them up as stubble, leaving neither root nor branch |
Mal 4:1 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-11 |
| E246 |
They shall be ashes under the soles of your feet |
Mal 4:3 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-11 |
| E247 |
They shall be as though they had not been |
Oba 1:16 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E248 |
As the morning cloud, early dew, chaff, and smoke |
Hos 13:3 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-11 |
| E249 |
Devoured as stubble fully dry |
Nah 1:10 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E250 |
He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire |
Matt 3:12 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E251 |
Cast them into a furnace of fire: wailing and gnashing of teeth |
Matt 13:40-42 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E252 |
Fiery indignation which shall devour the adversaries |
Heb 10:27 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-14 |
| E253 |
Our God is a consuming fire |
Heb 12:29 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E254 |
Fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them |
Rev 20:9 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-08, etc-11, etc-12, etc-13, etc-15 |
| E255 |
One lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy (apollymi) |
Jas 4:12 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E256 |
If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy (phtheiro) |
1 Cor 3:17 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E257 |
The Lord shall consume (analisko) with the spirit of his mouth |
2 Thess 2:8 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E258 |
Rahab perished not (synapollymi) with them that believed not |
Heb 11:31 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E259 |
Olethros = "ruin, i.e. death, punishment" (etymologically related to ollymi, root of apollymi) |
G3639 definition |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E260 |
Destruction vocabulary and torment vocabulary are distinct word families |
NT vocabulary data |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E261 |
Apollymi used for wineskins that "perish" -- burst and cease to function |
Matt 9:17 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E262 |
Apollymi = "to destroy fully" (from apo + base of olethros) |
G622 definition |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-19 |
| E263 |
Apoleia = "ruin or loss" (noun form of apollymi) |
G684 definition |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E264 |
No lexicon defines any of the seven destruction words as "torment" or "ongoing conscious suffering" |
Lexical data |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06 |
| E265 |
Rev 14:10-11: tormented with fire and brimstone; smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever |
Rev 14:10-11 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-11, etc-15 |
| E266 |
Isaiah 34:10 uses identical "smoke ascending forever" language for Edom; Edom is not still burning |
Isa 34:10 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-07, etc-11, etc-15 |
| E267 |
Deraon (contempt/abhorrence) occurs only twice: Dan 12:2 and Isa 66:24 (onlookers' reaction to corpses) |
Dan 12:2; Isa 66:24 |
Neutral |
etc-06 |
etc-06, etc-07, etc-14, etc-15 |
| E268 |
Olam (H5769) root alam means "to conceal/hide"; Strong's: "concealed, i.e. the vanishing point" |
H5769 definition |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E269 |
Olam translated 40+ ways in KJV: "for ever" (198x), "everlasting" (56x), "perpetual" (22x), "of old" (13x), "ancient" (4x) |
H5769 translation data |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E270 |
LXX translates olam as aion (G165) 287 times and aionios (G166) 100 times |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07, etc-08 |
| E271 |
LXX translates olam as genea (G1074, "a generation") 51 times |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E272 |
Olam is applied to God: "everlasting God" (Gen 21:33; Isa 40:28), "from everlasting to everlasting" (Ps 90:2), "inhabiteth eternity" (Isa 57:15) |
Gen 21:33; Ps 90:2; Isa 40:28; 57:15 |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E273 |
Olam applied to Aaronic priesthood ("everlasting priesthood"), which was changed per Heb 7:12 |
Exo 40:15; Num 25:13; Heb 7:12 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E274 |
Olam applied to 20+ Mosaic ceremonial statutes ("statute for ever") that have ceased with temple destruction |
Exo 12:14,17,24; Lev 16:29,34; 24:3,8 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E275 |
Olam applied to Solomon's temple ("for ever"); temple destroyed 586 BC and AD 70 |
1 Ki 8:13; 9:3 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E276 |
Olam applied to slave service ("serve him for ever" = one lifetime) |
Exo 21:6; Deu 15:17 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E277 |
Olam applied to Jonah's confinement ("for ever" = three days) |
Jon 2:6 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E278 |
Olam applied to Samuel's temple service ("abide for ever" = his lifetime; he died) |
1 Sam 1:22; 1 Sam 25:1 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E279 |
God explicitly revokes an olam promise: "I said for ever: but now, Be it far from me" |
1 Sam 2:30 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E280 |
Saul's olam kingdom revoked: "would have established for ever. But now thy kingdom shall not continue" |
1 Sam 13:13-14 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E281 |
Olam refers to past time ("of old," "ancient") in ~30 occurrences |
Gen 6:4; Deu 32:7; Isa 63:9,11; Jer 5:15; 6:16; 28:8 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E282 |
Edom's smoke goes up olam (Isa 34:10) yet animals inhabit the territory (Isa 34:11-17) |
Isa 34:10-17 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07, etc-11 |
| E283 |
Olam applied to circumcision ("everlasting covenant"); superseded per Gal 5:2-6 |
Gen 17:13; Gal 5:2-6 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E284 |
"Do prophets live for ever?" (Zec 1:5) -- rhetorical "no"; humans do not live olam |
Zec 1:5 |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E285 |
Earth abides olam (Ecc 1:4) but will pass away (Isa 51:6; Rev 21:1) |
Ecc 1:4; Isa 51:6; Rev 21:1 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E286 |
"Everlasting mountains" (olam) "were scattered" (Hab 3:6) |
Hab 3:6 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E287 |
Man's "long home" (beth olam) is the grave (Ecc 12:5) |
Ecc 12:5 |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E288 |
Dan 12:2 uses olam for both "everlasting life" and "everlasting contempt" in the same verse |
Dan 12:2 |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07, etc-14, etc-15 |
| E289 |
Fire "burns olam" (Jer 17:4) fulfilled when Nebuchadnezzar burned Jerusalem 586 BC; fire not still burning |
Jer 17:4,27 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E290 |
Babylon described as olam desolation (Jer 25:9,12; 51:26,62); site has been inhabited at various periods |
Jer 25:9,12; 51:26,62 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E291 |
Combined form le-olam va-ed used for God's reign (Exo 15:18), wicked's destruction (Ps 9:5), stars (Ps 148:6) |
Exo 15:18; Ps 9:5; 148:6 |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E292 |
Netsach used to explicitly deny God's wrath is perpetual: Ps 103:9; Isa 57:16; Jer 3:5 |
Ps 103:9; Isa 57:16; Jer 3:5 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07, etc-17 |
| E293 |
Strongest "forever" form (netsach netsachim) applied to Edom's judgment (Isa 34:10), which has ended |
Isa 34:10-17 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07, etc-11 |
| E294 |
"Perpetual sleep" (olam) of Babylon's rulers = death (Jer 51:39,57) |
Jer 51:39,57 |
Neutral |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E295 |
Aramaic alam used in "O king, live for ever" -- acknowledged as non-literal (king will die) |
Dan 2:4; 3:9; 5:10; 6:6,21 |
Cond. |
etc-07 |
etc-07 |
| E296 |
Aionios (G166) derived from aion (G165, "an age"); Strong's: "from G165; perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future)" |
G166 definition |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E297 |
Aion (G165) defined as "properly, an age; by extension, perpetuity; by implication, the world; specially a Messianic period" |
G165 definition |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E298 |
Aidios (G126) derived from aei (G104, "always"); "everduring (forward and backward, or forward only)"; occurs only 2x in NT |
G126 definition |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E299 |
Aionios in LXX also translates dor ("generation" 23x), chuqqah ("statute" 20x), berith ("covenant" 20x), choq ("enactment" 14x) |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E300 |
Aidios (G126) has no Hebrew source in LXX; distinctly Greek word with no direct Hebrew equivalent |
LXX translation data |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E301 |
Paul uses aidios (G126) for God's "eternal power and Godhead" (Rom 1:20) -- the only Pauline use of aidios |
Rom 1:20 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E302 |
Jude uses aidios (G126) for angelic "everlasting chains" (v.6) but aionios (G166) for Sodom's "eternal fire" (v.7) in adjacent verses |
Jude 1:6-7 |
Cond. |
etc-08 |
etc-08, etc-15 |
| E303 |
Aionios translated "since the world began" (Rom 16:25) -- literally "in aionios times"; aionios refers to past ages |
Rom 16:25 |
Cond. |
etc-08 |
etc-08, etc-15 |
| E304 |
Aionios translated "before the world began" (2 Tim 1:9) -- literally "before aionios times"; aionios refers to past ages |
2 Tim 1:9 |
Cond. |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E305 |
Titus 1:2 uses aionios for both "eternal life" (future) and "before the world began" (past) in the same verse |
Tit 1:2 |
Cond. |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E306 |
KJV translates aion (G165) as "world" (an age/era) 30 times; "this world" = this age, "world to come" = age to come |
KJV translation data |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E307 |
"End of the world" (Matt 24:3) literally = "end of the age" (synteleia tou aionos) |
Matt 24:3 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E308 |
Aionios modifies "life" (zoe) ~42 times (~59% of all occurrences) |
NT usage distribution |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E309 |
Aionios modifies punishment/judgment subjects only ~7 times (~10% of occurrences) |
NT usage distribution |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E310 |
"Eternal judgment" (krima aionion, Heb 6:2) listed as foundational doctrine alongside baptism, resurrection |
Heb 6:2 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E311 |
Christ obtained "eternal redemption" (aionios lytrosis) "once" (hapax) -- completed act with permanent result |
Heb 9:12 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E312 |
"Eternal salvation" (soteria aionios, Heb 5:9) describes an accomplished salvation |
Heb 5:9 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E313 |
"Eternal inheritance" (aionios kleronomia, Heb 9:15) describes an inheritance that does not expire |
Heb 9:15 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E314 |
"Ages of ages" formula used ~19 times for God/Christ (doxological) and only 3 times in judgment contexts (Rev 14:11; 19:3; 20:10) |
NT distribution |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08, etc-11, etc-12 |
| E315 |
Rev 14:11 ("smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever") echoes Isa 34:10 ("smoke shall go up for ever") -- Edom's ended judgment |
Rev 14:11; Isa 34:10 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E316 |
Rev 19:3 ("her smoke rose up for ever and ever") describes Babylon, a symbolic entity ("MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT") |
Rev 19:3; Rev 17:5 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08, etc-11, etc-12, etc-15 |
| E317 |
Mark 3:29 reads "eternal sin" (aioniou hamartamatos) -- adjective modifies the sin, not a process of punishment |
Mark 3:29 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E318 |
Matt 18:8 ("everlasting fire") parallels 18:9 ("hell fire" / gehenna fire) -- the two are synonymous |
Matt 18:8-9 |
Neutral |
etc-08 |
etc-08 |
| E319 |
Luke 15:3 provides a single parabole label covering three consecutive stories (lost sheep, lost coin, prodigal son) without re-labeling each |
Luke 15:3-32 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E320 |
Luke 12:16 uses the identical "certain rich man" (anthropos tis plousios) formula with an explicit parabole label |
Luke 12:16 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E321 |
Luke 16:1 uses the identical "certain rich man" formula without a parabole label; universally recognized as a parable |
Luke 16:1 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E322 |
Luke 16:19 uses the identical "certain rich man" formula without a parabole label |
Luke 16:19 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E323 |
The rich man in Luke 16:19 is unnamed in the Greek text; "Dives" is from the Latin Vulgate |
Luke 16:19 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E324 |
Lazarus (Lazaros = Eleazar, "God helps") is the only named human character in any parable of Jesus |
Luke 16:20 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E325 |
"Abraham's bosom" (kolpos Abraam) as a post-mortem location appears only in Luke 16:22-23 |
Luke 16:22-23 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E326 |
Luke 16 does not use paradeisos for the righteous dead's location; the same author uses paradeisos in Luke 23:43 |
Luke 16:22; Luke 23:43 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E327 |
The passage's stated teaching point: "They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them" (v.29); "If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, though one rose from the dead" (v.31) |
Luke 16:29,31 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E328 |
Luke 16 uses basanos (G931) and odunao (G3600, "grieve/sorrow"), not basanizo (G928, the standard verb for eschatological torment in Rev 14:10; 20:10) |
Luke 16:23-25,28 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09, etc-15 |
| E329 |
odunao (G3600) is used by Luke for ordinary grief: Mary "sorrowing" (Luke 2:48); disciples "sorrowing" (Acts 20:38); same word translated "tormented" in Luke 16:24-25 |
Luke 2:48; 16:24-25; Acts 20:38 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E330 |
basanos (G931) outside Luke 16 occurs only in Matt 4:24 for physical diseases, not eschatological punishment |
Matt 4:24; Luke 16:23,28 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E331 |
The Pharisees are identified as "covetous" and as having "derided" Jesus immediately before the Rich Man and Lazarus |
Luke 16:14-15 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E332 |
"The law and the prophets were until John" and "it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail" immediately precede the Rich Man and Lazarus |
Luke 16:16-17 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E333 |
Nave's Topical Bible lists only one Lazarus (the brother of Mary and Martha, John 11-12); it does not list the Lazarus of Luke 16 as a separate historical person |
Nave's entry |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E334 |
kolpos (G2859) in other NT occurrences means intimate relationship (John 1:18), physical proximity (John 13:23), garment fold (Luke 6:38), or geographic bay (Acts 27:39) -- none designate a post-mortem location |
John 1:18; 13:23; Luke 6:38; Acts 27:39 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09 |
| E335 |
Abel's blood "crieth" from the ground -- personification; the dead Abel is not literally conscious and speaking |
Gen 4:10 |
Neutral |
etc-09 |
etc-09, etc-10 |
| E336 |
Abel "being dead yet speaketh" -- through his faithful sacrifice, not literal post-mortem vocalization |
Heb 11:4 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E337 |
The blood of Christ "speaketh better things than that of Abel" -- blood itself is said to speak |
Heb 12:24 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E338 |
In the OT sacrificial system, blood of the sin offering was poured at the bottom of the altar (5 passages) |
Lev 4:7,18,25,30,34; Exo 29:12 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E339 |
Sphazō (G4969) is used for both the Lamb (Rev 5:6,9,12) and the martyrs (Rev 6:9; 18:24) -- shared sacrificial vocabulary |
Rev 5:6,9,12; 6:9; 18:24 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E340 |
Sphazō is used for Abel (1 Jn 3:12), connecting the Abel-martyrs sacrificial link |
1 Jn 3:12 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E341 |
The altar itself speaks in Rev 16:7: "I heard another out of the altar say" -- personification |
Rev 16:7 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E342 |
In the fourth seal, Death and Hades are personified as horsemen (Rev 6:8) |
Rev 6:8 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E343 |
Withheld wages "crieth" (krazō family) -- non-personal entity cries |
Jas 5:4 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E344 |
The same group as Rev 6:9 (psychas, martyria, logos tou Theou) "lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years. This is the first resurrection." |
Rev 20:4-5 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10, etc-15 |
| E345 |
"The rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished" |
Rev 20:5a |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E346 |
God avenges the blood of his servants: Deut 32:43 promises; Rev 19:2 fulfills Rev 6:10's cry (ekdikeō in both) |
Deut 32:43; Rev 19:2 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E347 |
Jesus connects Abel's blood to the prophets: "all the righteous blood... from the blood of righteous Abel" |
Matt 23:35 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E348 |
"The blood of all the prophets... may be required... from the blood of Abel" |
Luke 11:50-51 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E349 |
Nave's Topical Bible classifies Revelation under VISION |
Nave's classification |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10, etc-11, etc-12 |
| E350 |
Rev 1:1 states the book communicates through signs (sēmainō = to signify by signs) |
Rev 1:1 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10, etc-11, etc-12 |
| E351 |
Psyche (G5590) is used for animal life in Rev 8:9 and 16:3 |
Rev 8:9; 16:3 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E352 |
Psyche is translated "lives" in Rev 12:11 for the same martyrs ("loved not their lives [psychas] unto the death") |
Rev 12:11 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E353 |
Babylon "drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus" |
Rev 17:6 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E354 |
"In her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain [sphazō] upon the earth" |
Rev 18:24 |
Neutral |
etc-10 |
etc-10 |
| E355 |
Isa 34:11-17 describes animals permanently dwelling in Edom's desolated ruins after the "smoke ascending for ever" and "not quenched night nor day" language of v.10 |
Isa 34:11-17 |
Cond. |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E356 |
Isa 34:9 uses gophriyth (H1614, brimstone) -- same word as Gen 19:24 (Sodom) |
Isa 34:9 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E357 |
Gen 19:24-25: first fire-and-brimstone judgment; "the LORD rained... brimstone and fire... he overthrew those cities" |
Gen 19:24-25 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E358 |
Gen 19:28: Abraham observed ascending smoke from Sodom's completed destruction ("smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace") |
Gen 19:28 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E359 |
Rev 18:8,10,21: Babylon "utterly burned with fire," "in one hour is thy judgment come," "thrown down, and shall be found no more at all" |
Rev 18:8,10,21 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E360 |
Basanismos (G929) occurs 6 times, ALL in Revelation: Rev 9:5 (5 months), 14:11, 18:7,10,15 (Babylon) |
NT distribution |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11, etc-12 |
| E361 |
Three of six basanismos occurrences describe Babylon's "torment," which IS her completed destruction |
Rev 18:7,10,15 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11, etc-12, etc-15 |
| E362 |
Rev 9:5 uses basanismos with explicit time limit of five months |
Rev 9:5 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11, etc-12 |
| E363 |
Anapausis (G372) in Rev 4:8: living creatures "rest not day and night" in ceaseless praise -- same word as Rev 14:11 |
Rev 4:8 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E364 |
Luke 17:29 -- only non-Revelation NT use of theion (G2303, brimstone) -- states fire and brimstone "destroyed them all" (Sodom) |
Luke 17:29 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E365 |
All 7 OT occurrences of gophriyth (H1614, brimstone) describe brimstone as agent of destructive judgment; none describes ongoing conscious torment |
OT brimstone data |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E366 |
2 Pet 2:6 describes God "turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes" as "an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly" |
2 Pet 2:6 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E367 |
Isa 51:6: "the heavens shall vanish away like smoke" -- smoke as image of ceasing to exist |
Isa 51:6 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E368 |
Ezek 28:18-19: fire "shall devour thee" producing "ashes"; subject is "never... any more" |
Ezek 28:18-19 |
Cond. |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E369 |
Isa 1:31: "the strong shall be as tow... they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them" -- unquenchable fire fully consumes tow |
Isa 1:31 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E370 |
Nah 1:8-10: "utter end" and "devoured as stubble fully dry" alongside fire-judgment imagery |
Nah 1:8-10 |
Cond. |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E371 |
Nave's classifies majority of brimstone references as FIGURATIVE; fire in judgment = "Of the destruction of the wicked"; Rev 14:8-13 listed under VISION |
Nave's data |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11, etc-12, etc-13 |
| E372 |
Rev 14:10: torment occurs "in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb" -- public judgment event |
Rev 14:10 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E373 |
Isa 34:14: screech owl "shall rest there" in land whose fire was "not quenched night nor day" |
Isa 34:14 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E374 |
Ps 11:6: "fire and brimstone... this shall be the portion of their cup" -- cup language parallels Rev 14:10 |
Ps 11:6 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-11 |
| E375 |
The devil is a non-human supernatural spirit being; Rev 12:9 identifies him as dragon, old serpent, Satan |
Rev 12:9; 20:2 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E376 |
Rev 17:8: the beast "was, and is not, and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition" -- not a literal human being |
Rev 17:8 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E377 |
Rev 20:15: "whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire" -- NO torment formula appended |
Rev 20:15 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12, etc-13, etc-14 |
| E378 |
Rev 19:20-21: beast/false prophet cast "alive" (zontes) into lake; human remnant "slain" (apektanthesan) -- different vocabulary |
Rev 19:20-21 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12, etc-13, etc-15 |
| E379 |
7 of 12 basanizo occurrences are non-judgment contexts (illness, waves, rowing, distress, childbirth, demonic fear) |
G928 data |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E380 |
All 5 basanizo judgment uses are in Revelation's apocalyptic framework or involve demons speaking of their own future |
G928 data |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E381 |
Basanos (G931) occurs 3 times: physical diseases (Matt 4:24) and parabolic (Luke 16:23,28) -- NOT used in eschatological judgment |
G931 data |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E382 |
The "tormented for ever and ever" formula appears once in Scripture (Rev 20:10), applied only to devil, beast, false prophet |
Rev 20:10 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12, etc-15 |
| E383 |
No epistle, no Gospel, and no OT passage uses basanizo or basanismos for the final fate of generic human wicked |
NT/OT survey |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12, etc-15 |
| E384 |
Matt 25:41: everlasting fire was "prepared for the devil and his angels" -- not originally for humans |
Matt 25:41 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12, etc-13, etc-14, etc-15 |
| E385 |
Matt 8:29: demons (supernatural entities) anticipate basanizo as their judgment ("torment us before the time") |
Matt 8:29 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E386 |
Heb 2:14: Christ came to "destroy" (katargeo) "him that had the power of death, that is, the devil" -- destruction vocabulary for the devil |
Heb 2:14 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E387 |
Pseudoprophetes in Revelation (3x singular) = second beast of Rev 13:11-17 (symbolic); distinct from generic "false prophets" (8x plural) |
G5578 data |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E388 |
Outside Revelation, NT uses destruction/death vocabulary for final fate of human wicked: apollymi, olethros, thanatos, apoleia, phthora, katesthio |
Multiple |
Cond. |
etc-12 |
etc-12 |
| E389 |
Rev 20:6: second death has no power (exousia) over those in first resurrection -- "power" language consistent with death |
Rev 20:6 |
Neutral |
etc-12 |
etc-12, etc-13 |
| E390 |
Rev 2:11: "He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death" -- adikeo (G91) = to wrong, injure, harm |
Rev 2:11 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E391 |
"Second death" (deuteros thanatos) occurs four times in Scripture -- all in Revelation (2:11; 20:6; 20:14; 21:8) |
Distribution data |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E392 |
"Lake of fire" (limne tou puros) occurs five times in Scripture -- all in Revelation (19:20; 20:10; 20:14; 20:15; 21:8) |
Distribution data |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E393 |
G3041 (limne): 10 NT occurrences -- 5 literal (Luke, Lake of Gennesaret), 5 "lake of fire" (Revelation) |
G3041 data |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E394 |
Rev 20:14 uses thanatos (death) three times: "death and hell cast into lake of fire. This is the second death" -- death vocabulary, not torment vocabulary, identifies the lake |
Rev 20:14 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13, etc-14 |
| E395 |
Death and hades are personified throughout Revelation: Death rides pale horse (6:8), Christ holds keys (1:18), death/hades deliver up dead (20:13), death/hades cast into lake (20:14) |
Rev 6:8; 1:18; 20:13-14 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E396 |
Rev 21:4: "there shall be no more death" -- appears immediately after the lake of fire passages |
Rev 21:4 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E397 |
1 Cor 15:54: "Death is swallowed up in victory" -- quoting Isa 25:8, in resurrection/abolition-of-death context |
1 Cor 15:54 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E398 |
Hos 13:14: "O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction" -- destruction vocabulary directed at death itself |
Hos 13:14 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E399 |
2 Tim 1:10: Christ "hath abolished death" -- katargeo (G2673), same verb as 1 Cor 15:26 |
2 Tim 1:10 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E400 |
Rom 6:23: "the wages of sin is death" -- thanatos as the penalty for sin; same word as "second death" |
Rom 6:23 |
Cond. |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E401 |
Nave's DEATH - SECOND lists death/destruction vocabulary passages (Ezek 18:4; Matt 10:28; Rom 6:23; 2 Thess 1:9; 2 Pet 2:12) alongside the four "second death" references |
Nave's data |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E402 |
Rev 2:10-11 pairs "faithful unto death" (first death) with "not be hurt of the second death" -- two deaths distinguished |
Rev 2:10-11 |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E403 |
Deuteros (G1208, "second") in "second death" implies a first death exists; the ordinal distinguishes the two |
G1208 usage |
Neutral |
etc-13 |
etc-13 |
| E404 |
Rev 20:12: "the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works" |
Rev 20:12 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E404b |
Matt 25:46 uses kolasis (punishment/penalty) not basanismos (torment) -- different Greek words |
Matt 25:46 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14, etc-15 |
| E405 |
Rev 20:13: "judged every man according to their works" -- repeated judgment-by-works formula |
Rev 20:13 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E406 |
Isa 66:24: worm and fire act upon peger (carcasses/dead bodies), not conscious living beings |
Isa 66:24 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14, etc-15 |
| E407 |
Isa 66:16-17: "slain of the LORD shall be many" (v.16), "consumed together" (v.17) -- transgressors slain and consumed before v.24 describes carcasses |
Isa 66:16-17 |
Cond. |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E408 |
John 5:24: passed "from death unto life" -- the opposite of life is death, and krisis brings death |
John 5:24 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E409 |
John 5:22,27: krisis = judgment process/authority, not description of outcome's nature |
John 5:22,27 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E410 |
Olethros (G3639) occurs 4 times in NT, all meaning destruction/ruin: 1 Cor 5:5; 1 Thess 5:3; 2 Thess 1:9; 1 Tim 6:9 |
G3639 data |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14, etc-15 |
| E411 |
2 Thess 1:8: "In flaming fire taking vengeance" -- fire as instrument of judgment |
2 Thess 1:8 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E412 |
Heb 10:28: "He that despised Moses' law died without mercy" -- death as paradigm of punishment |
Heb 10:28 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E413 |
Heb 10:29: timoria (G5098, 1 NT use) = retributive penalty, not torment |
Heb 10:29 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E414 |
Heb 10:39: apoleia (perdition/destruction) contrasted with "saving of the soul" -- binary is destruction vs. salvation |
Heb 10:39 |
Cond. |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E415 |
Rom 2:5-6: wrath is an event ("day of wrath"), judgment by works |
Rom 2:5-6 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E416 |
Rom 2:8-9: indignation, wrath, tribulation, anguish for the disobedient -- judgment experience vocabulary |
Rom 2:8-9 |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E417 |
Rom 2:12: sinners "perish" (apollymi) -- destruction vocabulary for the outcome |
Rom 2:12 |
Cond. |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E418 |
None of the 8 major judgment passages uses basanizo/basanismos for the fate of human wicked |
All 8 passages |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14, etc-15 |
| E419 |
4 of 8 judgment passages use explicit destruction/death vocabulary (second death, olethros, devour/apoleia, apollymi) |
Distribution data |
Neutral |
etc-14 |
etc-14 |
| E420 |
ECT scholarly case (Peterson, Burk, Morgan) identifies Matt 25:46 and Rev 14:9-11 as the two strongest ECT passages |
Web research |
Neutral |
etc-15 |
etc-15 |
| E421 |
ECT scholars (per Sprinkle) acknowledge Mark 9:43-48 imagery is "a bit of a stretch" as standalone ECT evidence |
Web research |
Neutral |
etc-15 |
etc-15 |
| E422 |
ECT scholars acknowledge Luke 16:19-31 describes hades (intermediate state), not the final hell/lake of fire |
Web research |
Neutral |
etc-15 |
etc-15 |
| E423 |
Greek philosophers (Epicureans and Stoics) found Paul's preaching of the resurrection "strange" -- resurrection was a foreign concept to Greek thought |
Acts 17:18,32 |
Neutral |
etc-16 |
etc-16 |
| E424 |
Paul warns: "Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ" |
Col 2:8 |
Neutral |
etc-16 |
etc-16 |
| E425 |
God proclaims His name: "merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty" |
Exo 34:6-7 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E426 |
God's mercy extends to "thousands" while His judgment of iniquity extends "unto the third and to the fourth generation" |
Exo 34:7 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E427 |
"He will not always chide: neither will he keep [his anger] for ever" |
Ps 103:9 |
Cond. |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E428 |
"He hath not dealt with us after our sins; nor rewarded us according to our iniquities" |
Ps 103:10 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E429 |
"He knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we [are] dust" |
Ps 103:14 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E430 |
"He retaineth not his anger for ever, because he delighteth in mercy" |
Mic 7:18 |
Cond. |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E431 |
"All his ways [are] judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right [is] he" |
Deut 32:4 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E432 |
"The LORD [is] righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works... but all the wicked will he destroy [shamad]" |
Ps 145:17,20 |
Cond. |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E433 |
The servant who knew his lord's will receives "many stripes"; the servant who did not know receives "few stripes" -- degrees of punishment |
Luke 12:47-48 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E434 |
"It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city" -- degrees of judgment severity |
Matt 10:15 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E435 |
"Every transgression and disobedience received a just recompence of reward [misthapodosia]" |
Heb 2:2 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E436 |
"Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy" -- establishing comparative degrees of punishment |
Heb 10:29 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E437 |
"Who will render to every man according to his deeds" |
Rom 2:6 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E438 |
God's eschatological judgment described as dikaiokrasia (righteous judgment, hapax legomenon) |
Rom 2:5 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E439 |
"He that doeth wrong shall receive for the wrong which he hath done: and there is no respect of persons" |
Col 3:25 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E440 |
"The work of a man shall he render unto him... God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty pervert judgment" |
Job 34:11-12 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E441 |
"Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord GOD: [and] not that he should return from his ways, and live?" |
Ezek 18:23 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E442 |
"I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth" |
Ezek 18:32 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E443 |
"I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live" |
Ezek 33:11 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E444 |
Every recorded divine judgment in Scripture results in death/destruction (flood, Sodom, Korah, Nadab/Abihu, Sennacherib), never ongoing torment |
Gen 7:21-23; 19:24-25; Num 16:31-35; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Ki 19:35 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E445 |
God describes judgment of Nineveh: "he will make an utter end" (kalah) -- termination vocabulary |
Nah 1:8-9 |
Cond. |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E446 |
"Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth" |
1 Tim 2:4 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E447 |
Cain's punishment for the first murder: exile and wandering, NOT death -- God set a mark to protect him (proportional mercy) |
Gen 4:11-15 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-17 |
| E448 |
In Matthew, the same word (psyche, G5590) is translated both "life" and "soul" — 8 occurrences as "life" (2:20; 6:25 2x; 10:39 2x; 16:25 2x; 20:28) and 8 as "soul(s)" (10:28 2x; 11:29; 12:18; 16:26 2x; 22:37; 26:38) |
Matt 2:20-26:38 (all Matthew psyche uses) |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E449 |
Matt 10:39 (11 verses after 10:28, same discourse) uses the identical word pair psyche + apollymi: "He that findeth his life [psyche] shall lose [apollymi] it" |
Matt 10:39 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E450 |
Matt 16:25-26 uses psyche as "life" in v.25 and "soul" in v.26 within consecutive verses of the same discourse — the same Greek word transitioning between English translations |
Matt 16:25-26 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E451 |
In Matthew's judgment parables, apollymi describes the judgment of wicked characters: vineyard lord "miserably destroys" wicked men (21:41); king "destroyed" murderers and burned their city (22:7) |
Matt 21:41; 22:7 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E452 |
Matthew uses apollymi for wineskins that "perish" — burst and cease to function, but material persists |
Matt 9:17 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E453 |
In all 7 Matthean gehenna passages, the vocabulary paired with gehenna is destruction/judgment (apollymi, krisis), never torment (basanizo/basanismos) |
Matt 5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E454 |
Matt 10:28 uses apokteino (kill outright) for men's action on the body and switches to apollymi (destroy fully) for God's action on soul and body — two different verbs for two qualitatively different actions |
Matt 10:28 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E455 |
Both apokteino and apollymi in Matt 10:28 are aorist active infinitives — punctiliar aspect, describing completed actions |
Matt 10:28 Greek parsing |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E456 |
The synoptic parallel (Luke 12:4-5) omits apollymi and psyche entirely; Luke uses apokteino (kill) for both human and divine action, and emballo (cast into) for gehenna |
Luke 12:4-5 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E457 |
Luke 12:5 specifies a temporal sequence: "after he hath killed [meta to apokteinai] hath power to cast into gehenna" — killing precedes casting |
Luke 12:5 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E458 |
The "both...and" (kai...kai) construction in Matt 10:28 emphasizes totality: God's destruction encompasses the entire person (both soul and body) |
Matt 10:28 |
Neutral |
etc-19 |
etc-19 |
| E459 |
Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth (Psalm 31:5) -- source quotation for Jesus' words in Luke 23:46; psalm context is trust, not afterlife |
Ps 31:5 |
Neutral |
etc-04 |
etc-01 |
| E461 |
Rachel's soul (nephesh) departed as she died — the departing of nephesh is equated with death |
Gen 35:18 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
|
| E462 |
Elijah prayed for the child's soul (nephesh) to return; the nephesh returned and the child revived |
1 Kings 17:21-22 |
Neutral |
etc-01 |
|
| E463 |
The nations 'shall be as though they had not been' (kelo hayu) — cessation of existence |
Obadiah 1:16 |
Cond. |
etc-06 |
|
| E464 |
God rains fire and brimstone on Gog — result is corpses and burial (39:4-5,11-12), not ongoing torment |
Ezek 38:22 |
Neutral |
etc-11 |
etc-20 |
| E465 |
God 'will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth' |
1 Tim 2:4 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
|
| E466 |
'I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live' — God swears by his own life |
Ezek 33:11 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
etc-03 |
| E467 |
'He doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men' — affliction is not from God's heart |
Lam 3:33 |
Neutral |
etc-17 |
|
| E468 |
Tares are gathered and burned up (katakaiO) in the fire — Jesus' simile for the end of the age uses complete-consumption vocabulary |
Matt 13:40-42 |
Cond. |
etc-20 |
|
| E469 |
Bad fish cast into the furnace of fire — disposal of the worthless, same formula as wheat/tares |
Matt 13:49-50 |
Cond. |
etc-20 |
|
| E470 |
Weeping and gnashing of teeth triggered by seeing patriarchs in the kingdom while being excluded — exclusion-grief, not physical torment |
Luke 13:28 |
Neutral |
etc-20 |
|
| E471 |
Unfaithful servant 'cut asunder' and given portion with hypocrites — destruction vocabulary for judgment |
Matt 24:51 |
Cond. |
etc-20 |
|