Raw Hebrew Parsing Data¶
Isaiah 10:20¶
Hebrew: וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לֹא־יוֹסִיף עוֹד שְׁאָר יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפְלֵיטַת בֵּית־יַעֲקֹב לְהִשָּׁעֵן עַל־מַכֵּהוּ וְנִשְׁעַן עַל־יְהוָה קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל בֶּאֱמֶת
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וְ | ו | Conj | and |
| הָיָה | היה | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | be |
| בַּ | ב | Prep | in |
| יּוֹם | יום | Noun.ms.Abs | day |
| הַהוּא | הוא | PersPron.3ms | he (that) |
| לֹא | לא | Neg | not |
| יוֹסִיף | יסף | Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms | add |
| עוֹד | עוד | Noun.ms.Abs | duration |
| שְׁאָר | שׁאר | Noun.ms.Cst | rest/remnant |
| יִשְׂרָאֵל | ישׂראל | PropN.s.Abs | Israel |
| וּפְלֵיטַת | פליטה | Noun.fs.Cst | escape/survivors |
| בֵּית | בית | Noun.ms.Cst | house |
| יַעֲקֹב | יעקב | PropN.ms.Abs | Jacob |
| לְהִשָּׁעֵן | שׁען | Verb.Niphal.InfCon | lean (on) |
| עַל | על | Prep | upon |
| מַכֵּהוּ | נכה | Verb.Hiphil.Ptcp+3ms | him who smote them |
| וְנִשְׁעַן | שׁען | Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms | lean (on) |
| עַל | על | Prep | upon |
| יְהוָה | יהוה | PropN.ms.Abs | YHWH |
| קְדוֹשׁ | קדושׁ | Adj.ms.Cst | holy (one of) |
| יִשְׂרָאֵל | ישׂראל | PropN.s.Abs | Israel |
| בֶּאֱמֶת | אמת | Noun.fs.Abs | truthfulness/truth |
Key: שְׁאָר (shear, construct state) = "remnant of" -- bound to "Israel"; the remnant leans on YHWH "in truth" (be'emet).
Isaiah 10:21¶
Hebrew: שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב שְׁאָר יַעֲקֹב אֶל־אֵל גִּבּוֹר
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| שְׁאָר | שׁאר | Noun.ms.Abs | rest/remnant |
| יָשׁוּב | שׁוב | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | return |
| שְׁאָר | שׁאר | Noun.ms.Cst | rest/remnant |
| יַעֲקֹב | יעקב | PropN.ms.Abs | Jacob |
| אֶל | אל | Prep | to |
| אֵל | אל | Noun.ms.Cst | god |
| גִּבּוֹר | גבור | Noun.ms.Abs | mighty/vigorous |
Key: "Shear-jashub" = "a remnant shall return" -- the name of Isaiah's son (Isa 7:3). The remnant (shear) of Jacob returns (yashuv) to El Gibbor (the Mighty God, a messianic title from Isa 9:6).
Isaiah 10:22¶
Hebrew: כִּי אִם־יִהְיֶה עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּחוֹל הַיָּם שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב בּוֹ כִּלָּיוֹן חָרוּץ שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| כִּי | כי | Conj | that |
| אִם | אם | Conj | if |
| יִהְיֶה | היה | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | be |
| עַמְּךָ | עם | Noun.ms.Abs+2ms | your people |
| יִשְׂרָאֵל | ישׂראל | PropN.s.Abs | Israel |
| כְּחוֹל | חול | Noun.ms.Cst | sand |
| הַיָּם | ים | Noun.ms.Abs | sea |
| שְׁאָר | שׁאר | Noun.ms.Abs | remnant |
| יָשׁוּב | שׁוב | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | return |
| בּוֹ | ב | Prep+3ms | in it |
| כִּלָּיוֹן | כליון | Noun.ms.Abs | annihilation |
| חָרוּץ | חרץ | Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs | cut off/decreed |
| שׁוֹטֵף | שׁטף | Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs | overflow |
| צְדָקָה | צדקה | Noun.fs.Abs | justice/righteousness |
Key: "Though your people Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall return." The contrast between sand-of-the-sea multitude and the returning remnant is stark. Paul quotes this in Rom 9:27.
Hosea 2:23¶
Hebrew: וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אֶעֱנֶה נְאֻם־יְהוָה אֶעֱנֶה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהֵם יַעֲנוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ
Note: The Hebrew text provided by the parser is for Hos 2:23 by Hebrew versification (= Hos 2:21 in English). The "not-my-people" language is in Hos 2:25 Hebrew (= Hos 2:23 English): "I will say to Lo-Ammi (לֹא עַמִּי), You are my people (עַמִּי); and they shall say, You are my God."
Key terms: - עַמִּי (ammi) -- "my people" (am + 1st person suffix) - לֹא עַמִּי (lo ammi) -- "not my people" (the name given to Hosea's third child, Hos 1:9) - The reversal: God will rename "Not-My-People" as "My-People"
Paul applies this in Rom 9:25-26 to Gentile inclusion; Peter applies it in 1 Pet 2:10 to the church.
Exodus 19:5¶
Hebrew: וְעַתָּה אִם־שָׁמוֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ בְּקֹלִי וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־בְּרִיתִי וִהְיִיתֶם לִי סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל־הָעַמִּים כִּי־לִי כָּל־הָאָרֶץ
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וְעַתָּה | עתה | Adv | now |
| אִם | אם | Conj | if |
| שָׁמוֹעַ | שׁמע | Verb.Qal.InfAbs | hear (emphatic) |
| תִּשְׁמְעוּ | שׁמע | Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp | hear/obey |
| בְּקֹלִי | קול | Noun.ms.Abs+1s | my voice |
| וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם | שׁמר | Verb.Qal.Perf.2mp | keep |
| אֶת־בְּרִיתִי | ברית | Noun.fs.Abs+1s | my covenant |
| וִהְיִיתֶם | היה | Verb.Qal.Perf.2mp | be |
| לִי | ל | Prep+1s | to me |
| סְגֻלָּה | סגלה | Noun.fs.Abs | property/treasure |
| מִכָּל | מן+כל | Prep+Noun.ms.Cst | from all |
| הָעַמִּים | עם | Noun.mp.Abs | peoples |
| כִּי | כי | Conj | that |
| לִי | ל | Prep+1s | to me |
| כָּל | כל | Noun.ms.Cst | all |
| הָאָרֶץ | ארץ | Noun.s.Abs | earth |
Key: סְגֻלָּה (segullah) = "special possession/peculiar treasure." The covenant identity is CONDITIONAL: "IF you will obey my voice... THEN you shall be my special treasure." Peter transfers this title to the church in 1 Pet 2:9 (λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν = "a people for possession").
Exodus 19:6¶
Hebrew: וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ־לִי מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וְאַתֶּם | אתם | PersPron.2mp | you |
| תִּהְיוּ | היה | Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp | be |
| לִי | ל | Prep+1s | to me |
| מַמְלֶכֶת | ממלכת | Noun.fs.Cst | kingdom |
| כֹּהֲנִים | כהן | Noun.mp.Abs | priests |
| וְ | ו | Conj | and |
| גוֹי | גוי | Noun.ms.Abs | people/nation |
| קָדוֹשׁ | קדושׁ | Adj.ms.Abs | holy |
Key: מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים (mamlekhet kohanim) = "kingdom of priests" → βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα in 1 Pet 2:9 גוֹי קָדוֹשׁ (goy qadosh) = "holy nation" → ἔθνος ἅγιον in 1 Pet 2:9
Notable: גוֹי (goy) is the standard Hebrew word for "Gentile nation." Here it is used for Israel itself. This complicates any rigid ethnic distinction -- Israel is called a goy. Peter's application of ethnos hagion to the church mirrors the original Hebrew exactly.