Raw Greek Parsing Data

2 Peter 1:19

Greek: καὶ ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον, ᾧ καλῶς ποιεῖτε προσέχοντες ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ, ἕως οὗ ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ καὶ φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν·

Key words: - ἔχομεν (echo) G2192 - Pres Act Ind 1P - "we have" (present tense - currently possess) - βεβαιότερον (bebaios) G949 - Acc Sg M Comparative - "more sure/firm" (COMPARATIVE degree -- more confirmed) - προφητικὸν (prophetikos) G4397 - Acc Sg M - "prophetic" (pertaining to a foreteller) - λόγον (logos) G3056 - Acc Sg M - "word" - προσέχοντες (prosecho) G4337 - Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M - "giving heed to" - λύχνῳ (lychnos) G3088 - Dat Sg M - "a lamp" - φαίνοντι (phaino) G5316 - Pres M/P Ptcp Dat Sg M - "shining" - ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ - "in a dark/dry place"

NOTE: The "prophetic word" (prophetikon logon) is characterized as "more sure" (bebaioteron) -- comparative form meaning more confirmed/established than something else (context: than even the eyewitness experience of the Transfiguration, vv. 16-18). Peter elevates prophetic Scripture ABOVE eyewitness testimony.

2 Peter 1:20

Greek: τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες, ὅτι πᾶσα προφητεία γραφῆς ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται·

Key words: - πρῶτον (protos) G4412 - "first" (adverbial) - γινώσκοντες (ginosko) G1097 - Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M - "knowing" - πᾶσα (pas) G3956 - Nom Sg F - "every/all" - προφητεία (propheteia) G4394 - Nom Sg F - "prophecy" - γραφῆς (graphe) G1124 - Gen Sg F - "of Scripture" - ἰδίας (idios) G2398 - Gen Sg F - "one's own/private" - ἐπιλύσεως (epilysis) G1955 - Gen Sg F - "interpretation/explanation" - οὐ γίνεται (ginomai) G1096 - Pres M/P Ind 3S - "does not come about/originate"

NOTE: "No prophecy of Scripture is of private interpretation (epilysis)" -- the word epilysis means "unloosing, release, explanation." Prophecy does not originate from human interpretation/explanation.

2 Peter 1:21

Greek: οὐ γὰρ θελήματι ἀνθρώπου ἠνέχθη προφητεία ποτέ, ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι.

Key words: - θελήματι (thelema) G2307 - Dat Sg N - "by [the] will" (dative of means) - ἀνθρώπου (anthropos) G444 - Gen Sg M - "of man" - ἠνέχθη (phero) G5342 - Aor Pass Ind 3S - "was brought/carried" (AORIST PASSIVE -- prophecy was brought BY SOMETHING EXTERNAL, not self-generated) - προφητεία (propheteia) G4394 - Nom Sg F - "prophecy" - ποτέ (pote) G4218 - "at any time/ever" - ὑπὸ (hypo) G5259 - "by" (agent marker - by the Holy Spirit) - Πνεύματος Ἁγίου (pneuma hagios) G4151/G40 - Gen Sg N - "of [the] Holy Spirit" - φερόμενοι (phero) G5342 - Pres Pass Ptcp Nom Pl M - "being carried/borne along" (PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE -- continuous passive action) - ἐλάλησαν (laleo) G2980 - Aor Act Ind 3P - "they spoke" (aorist -- specific historical events) - ἀπὸ Θεοῦ (apo theos) - "from God"

CRITICAL: Two uses of phero (G5342): 1. ἠνέχθη (passive aorist) - prophecy was "brought/carried" -- not by human will 2. φερόμενοι (passive present participle) - men were "being carried/borne along" by the Holy Spirit The metaphor is of a ship carried along by wind. Prophets were carried along by the Holy Spirit -- they did not generate the prophecy themselves. This makes prophecy EXTERNAL to human knowledge/will.

1 Peter 1:10

Greek: περὶ ἧς σωτηρίας ἐξεζήτησαν καὶ ἐξηραύνησαν προφῆται οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰς ὑμᾶς χάριτος προφητεύσαντες,

Key words: - σωτηρίας (soteria) G4991 - Gen Sg F - "salvation" - ἐξεζήτησαν (ekzeteo) G1567 - Aor Act Ind 3P - "sought out/inquired diligently" - ἐξηραύνησαν (exeraunao) G1830 - Aor Act Ind 3P - "searched out diligently" - προφῆται (prophetes) G4396 - Nom Pl M - "prophets" - προφητεύσαντες (propheteuo) G4395 - Aor Act Ptcp Nom Pl M - "having prophesied" - χάριτος (charis) G5485 - Gen Sg F - "grace" - εἰς ὑμᾶς - "for/unto you" (the grace destined for the NT readers)

NOTE: The prophets themselves "inquired and searched diligently" (two compound verbs with ek-/ex- prefix = intensive) about the salvation they prophesied. This implies they delivered prophecies whose full meaning they did not understand -- they prophesied something beyond their own comprehension.

1 Peter 1:11

Greek: ἐραυνῶντες εἰς τίνα ἢ ποῖον καιρὸν ἐδήλου τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ προμαρτυρόμενον τὰ εἰς Χριστὸν παθήματα καὶ τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δόξας·

Key words: - ἐραυνῶντες (eraunao) G2045 - Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M - "searching" - τίνα ἢ ποῖον καιρὸν - "what or what manner of time" (they searched for WHEN and HOW) - ἐδήλου (deloo) G1213 - Impf Act Ind 3S - "was indicating/making clear" (imperfect = ongoing past action) - τὸ...Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ - "the Spirit of Christ" (subject -- the Spirit was doing the indicating) - προμαρτυρόμενον (promarturomai) G4303 - Pres M/P Ptcp Nom Sg N - "TESTIFYING BEFOREHAND" - τὰ εἰς Χριστὸν παθήματα - "the sufferings unto/for Christ" - τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δόξας - "the glories after these things"

CRITICAL: G4303 promarturomai = pro (before) + marturomai (testify/witness). Present middle/passive participle. The Spirit of Christ was "testifying beforehand" (promartyromenon) about: 1. The sufferings of Christ (ta eis Christon pathemata) 2. The glories that would follow (tas meta tauta doxas) This is explicit advance testimony -- the Spirit predicted specific future events through the prophets.

Acts 3:18

Greek: ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἃ προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν, παθεῖν τὸν Χριστὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπλήρωσεν οὕτως.

Key words: - Θεὸς (theos) G2316 - Nom Sg M - "God" (subject) - ἃ (hos) G3739 - Acc Pl N - "the things which" (relative pronoun, neuter plural) - προκατήγγειλεν (prokatangello) G4293 - Aor Act Ind 3S - "HE ANNOUNCED BEFOREHAND" - διὰ στόματος (dia stoma) - "through the mouth of" - πάντων τῶν προφητῶν (pas prophetes) - "ALL the prophets" - παθεῖν (pascho) G3958 - Aor Act Inf - "to suffer" (content of the announcement) - τὸν Χριστὸν (Christos) G5547 - Acc Sg M - "the Christ" - ἐπλήρωσεν (pleroo) G4137 - Aor Act Ind 3S - "he fulfilled" (AORIST - completed action) - οὕτως (houto) G3779 - "thus/in this way"

CRITICAL: G4293 prokatangello = pro (before) + kat-angello (announce publicly). God "announced publicly beforehand" (prokatenggeilen) through the mouth of ALL the prophets that Christ would suffer -- and then HE FULFILLED (eplerosen) it. The structure is: prior announcement → subsequent fulfillment. This is the NT's explicit claim about the nature of OT prophecy.