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Word Studies

tsadaq - H6663

Original: צָדַק Transliteration: tsadaq Definition: A primitive root; to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense): cleanse, clear self, (be, do) just(-ice, -ify, -ify self), (be turn to) righteous(-ness). BLB Count: 41 verb occurrences

Key Occurrences in Daniel

  • Dan 8:14 — nitsdaq (Niphal: "be vindicated/justified") — the SOLE Niphal occurrence in the entire OT
  • Dan 12:3 — matsdiqey (Hiphil participle: "they that turn to righteousness")
  • Isa 53:11 — yatsdiq (Hiphil: "shall justify many")

Forensic Character

53 of 54 KJV translations of tsadaq are forensic/judicial. The sole exception is Dan 8:14's KJV "cleansed," which follows Theodotion's later Greek translation, not the Hebrew. The Old Greek (pre-Theodotion) translates with dikaiothesatai — forensic. Daniel had taher (H2891, 94x) and kaphar (H3722, 102x) available for ritual cleansing but chose tsadaq.

tsadaq Chain (from prior studies)

Isa 53:11 yatsdiq → Dan 8:14 nitsdaq → Dan 9:24 tsedeq olamim → Dan 12:3 matsdiqey ha-rabbim This chain connects the Suffering Servant's justification of many through the sanctuary vindication to the eschatological reward of the wise.

mo'ed - H4150

Original: מוֹעֵד Transliteration: mo'ed Definition: From ya'ad; properly, an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly; technically the congregation; the place of meeting; also a signal (as appointed beforehand). BLB Count: 223 occurrences

Relevance

  • Dan 8:19 "at the time appointed [mo'ed] the end shall be" — eschatological appointment
  • Dan 11:27,29,35 — mo'ed as divinely appointed time
  • Dan 12:7 — mo'ed mo'adim vachetsi ("a time, appointed times, and half")
  • The entire prophetic time structure operates on the principle of divine appointment — God sets the times (Dan 2:21)

mishpat - H4941

Original: מִשְׁפָּט Transliteration: mishpat Definition: From shaphat; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree. BLB Count: 421 occurrences KJV Translations: "judgment" (69x), "my judgments" (23x), "of judgment" (21x), "in judgment" (16x)

Relevance

The forensic judgment vocabulary (mishpat/diyn) in Daniel 7:9-10,22,26 establishes the judgment scene as a formal judicial proceeding, not a metaphorical expression.

diyn - H1779

Original: דִּין Transliteration: diyn Definition: From diyn; judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or tribunal); by implication, also strife. KJV: "the cause" (6x), "judgment" (3x), "the judgment" (2x), "plea" (1x)

Relevance

Dan 7:10 uses the Aramaic cognate dina — "the judgment was set" (dina yetib). This is a judicial body (a court), not abstract judgment. Dan 7:22: "judgment was given to/for the saints."

kairos - G2540

Original: καιρός Transliteration: kairos Definition: An occasion, i.e. set or proper time. KJV: "time" (37x), "times" (7x), "the time" (6x), "season" (4x)

Relevance

  • Mark 1:15: "The time [kairos] is fulfilled" — Jesus declares the prophetic appointment met
  • Gal 4:4: "when the fulness of the time [chronos] was come" — Paul uses chronos for the duration, kairos for the appointed moment
  • Rev 14:7: "the hour of his judgment [krisis] is come" — judgment announced at a kairos moment
  • The LXX translates both Dan 7:25's Aramaic iddan and Dan 12:7's Hebrew mo'ed with kairos — linking the prophetic time vocabulary across languages