Definition: (Aramaic) corresponding to H1854; to crumble or (trans.) crush: break to pieces
BDB: Pe. Perfect 3mp דָּקוּ Dan 2:35. Haph. break in pieces: Perf 3fs הַדֶּקֶת Dan 2:34,45; 3mp הַדִּקוּ Dan 6:25; Impf 3fs תַּדִּק Dan 2:40,44; suffix תַּדֱּקִנַּהּ Dan 7:23; Ptcp active מְהַדֵּק Dan 2:40, fem מַדֱּקָה Dan 7:7,19
Occurrences: 13 total — all in Daniel (2:34,35,40,44,45; 6:25; 7:7,19,23)
Key translations: brake in pieces, breaketh in pieces, broken to pieces, break in pieces and bruise
Definition: a primitive root; properly, to cut off, i.e. (figuratively) to decree: determine
Only occurrence: Dan 9:24 — "Seventy weeks are determined (נֶחְתַּךְ, Niphal Perf 3ms)"
CRITICAL: BDB says "properly, to cut off" then "figuratively, to decree." The root meaning supports both "determine/decree" AND "cut off from [a larger period]"
H1396 — גָּבַר (gabar) — be strong, prevail, confirm¶
Definition: a primitive root; to be strong; by implication, to prevail, act insolently: exceed, confirm, be great, be mighty, prevail, put to more (strength), strengthen, be stronger, be valiant
Key occurrence: Dan 9:27 — וְהִגְבִּיר (Hiphil Perf 3ms) "And he shall confirm" — Hiphil = causative "make strong/prevail"
Other occurrences: Gen 7:18,19,20,24 (flood waters prevailed); Exo 17:11 (prevailed); Zech 10:6,12 (strengthen)
FUT significance: Hiphil + berith can mean "impose/enforce covenant" (political treaty), not just "confirm existing covenant"
Definition: from H2194; strictly froth at the mouth, i.e. (figuratively) fury (especially of God's displeasure with sin): angry, indignation, rage
Key occurrences in Daniel: Dan 8:19 and Dan 11:36 — the "za'am bracket"
Other notable: Isa 10:5,25; 26:20; Zep 3:8 (eschatological wrath contexts)
FUT significance: The identical word in 8:19 ("last end of the indignation") and 11:36 ("till the indignation be accomplished") brackets Dan 8–11 as a unified eschatological period
Definition: (Aramaic) from a root corresponding to that of H5708; a set time; technically, a year: time
BDB: 1. General = time, duration (Dan 2:8; 7:12). 2. Definite time = year: שִׁבְעָה עִדָּנִין = seven years (Dan 4:13,20,22,29); עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן = 3½ years (Dan 7:25)
Key occurrences: Dan 2:8,9,21; 3:5,15; 4:13,16,20,22,23,25,29,32; 7:12,25
FUT significance: Dan 4 establishes iddan = literal year (Nebuchadnezzar's seven years of madness), supporting literal reading of Dan 7:25 (3½ literal years)
Definition: from an unused root meaning to stretch; properly, continuance; used as adjective/adverb: always, continual, daily, perpetual. Elliptically: the regular (daily) sacrifice
Daniel occurrences: Dan 8:11,12,13; 11:31; 12:11 — "the daily [sacrifice]"
FUT significance: While HIST connects tamid to heavenly sanctuary ministry, FUT reads it as referring to literal temple sacrifice taken away by Antichrist
Only occurrences: Dan 12:2 ("everlasting contempt") and Isa 66:24 ("an abhorring unto all flesh")
FUT significance: This exclusive verbal link between Dan 12:2 and Isa 66:24 connects the resurrection to final judgment, supporting eschatological reading
Only occurrence: Dan 11:45 — "he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace"
FUT significance: Persian loanword appearing only here; describes unfulfilled geography (palace between seas and holy mountain) — no historical fulfillment for Antiochus
Only occurrence: Dan 7:25 — יִסְבַּר (Peal Impf 3ms) "and think [to change times and laws]"
BDB: think, intend (Syriac cognate; related to Biblical Hebrew שׂבר)
FUT significance: Carries intentional aspect — "thinks/intends to change" rather than actual accomplishment. The scope of changing "times and law" exceeds any historical candidate
Key occurrence: 1 Thess 4:17 — "shall be caught up (ἁρπαγησόμεθα) together with them in the clouds"
Other uses: Mat 11:12 (violent take by force); John 10:28-29 (none shall snatch); Acts 8:39 (Philip caught away); 2 Cor 12:2,4 (caught up to third heaven); Rev 12:5 (child caught up to God)
Key occurrences: Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11 (LXX); Mat 24:15; Mrk 13:14; Rev 17:4-5
Mat 24:15: Jesus uses "the abomination of desolation spoken of by Daniel the prophet" — direct reference treating Daniel as future from Jesus' vantage point
Pauline uses: 1 Cor 3:16-17 (believers = temple of God); 1 Cor 6:19 (body = temple of Holy Ghost); 2 Cor 6:16 (ye are temple of living God); Eph 2:21 (building = holy temple in the Lord); 2 Thess 2:4 (sits in temple of God)
CRITICAL: In every Pauline use EXCEPT 2 Thess 2:4, naos tou theou = the believing community, NOT a physical building. FUT must argue 2 Thess 2:4 is the sole exception
Definition: from H7951; security (genuine or false): abundance, peace(-ably), prosperity, quietness
Key occurrences: Dan 8:25 ("by peace/prosperity shall destroy many"); Dan 11:21 ("shall come in peaceably"); 11:24 ("enter peaceably")
FUT significance: Dan 8:25 shalvah-deception parallels 1 Thess 5:3 "when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction" and Dan 9:27 covenant-making as false security
Key occurrences: Num 12:8 (God's speech to Moses); Judg 14:12-19 (Samson's riddle); 1 Kgs 10:1 (Queen of Sheba); Dan 8:23 ("understanding dark sentences")
FUT significance: In Dan 8:23, mebiyn chiydot implies supernatural cunning — the fierce king decodes what others cannot, suggesting superhuman intelligence
vs. G1238 — διάδημα (diadema) — crown (royal diadem)
BLB Count: 3 — Rev 12:3; 13:1; 19:12 (many crowns on Christ's head at Second Coming)
FUT significance: The 24 elders (Rev 4:4) wear stephanos (reward crowns, given at bema judgment per 2 Cor 5:10) BEFORE any tribulation begins — evidence they are the raptured and rewarded church
Daniel occurrences: Dan 8:4; 11:3; 11:16; 11:36 — "according to his will/pleasure"
FUT significance: kir'tsono chain links Dan 8:4 (ram), 11:3 (mighty king), 11:16 (one coming against him), 11:36 (willful king) — same phrase "do according to his will" creates a progression
Daniel occurrences: Dan 9:25 (mashiach nagiyd — "Messiah the Prince"); 9:26 (nagiyd habba — "the prince that shall come"); 11:22 (nagiyd berith — "prince of the covenant")
FUT significance: Two distinct nagiyd constructions in Dan 9:25-26 — mashiach nagiyd vs. nagiyd habba — supporting different referents (Christ vs. Antichrist)
Niphal passive ptcp necharatsah: Dan 9:26 ("desolations are determined"), 9:27 ("that determined shall be poured"), 11:36 ("that that is determined shall be done")
FUT significance: Verbal chain linking 9:26 → 9:27 → 11:36 — the willful king is bound to the 70-weeks "determined" framework