Raw Strong's Lookup Output¶
H1431 gadal — 152 occurrences, 115 BLB count¶
Transliteration: gawdal. POS: verb. "to twist, to be/make large; advance, boast, bring up, exceed, excellent, grow, increase, magnify, nourish, promote, proudly, tower" Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 1:5; 8:4; 8:8; 8:9; 8:10; 8:11; 8:25; 11:36; 11:37 gadal chain in Daniel 8: ram "became great" (8:4) → he-goat "waxed very great" (8:8) → little horn "waxed exceeding great" (8:9) → comparative yether requires SURPASSING predecessors Top translations: "great" (9x), "grew" (6x), "magnified" (4x), "great things" (4x)
H2852 chathak — 1 occurrence (HAPAX LEGOMENON)¶
Transliteration: khaw-thak. POS: verb. "properly to cut off, i.e. figuratively to decree" Only occurrence: Dan 9:24 "are determined" — KJV renders figurative meaning Primary meaning: "CUT OFF" — supports 490 cut from parent 2300 period All major translations render "determined/decreed" (KJV, NRSV, NIV, NASB, ESV) PRET argues: consensus translation "decreed" weakens HIST 70-weeks/2300 connection
H1396 gabar — 31 occurrences, 25 BLB count¶
Transliteration: gaw-bar. POS: verb. "to be strong; prevail, act insolently; exceed, confirm, be great, be mighty, prevail, put to more strength, strengthen, be stronger, be valiant" Key occurrence: Dan 9:27 "And he shall confirm (higbir) the covenant" Top translations: "prevailed" (8x), "prevail" (3x) NOTE: gabar ≠ karath. gabar = strengthen/make prevail an EXISTING covenant; karath = CUT a NEW covenant Dan 9:27 uses Hiphil causative = "cause the covenant to be strong" — fits Messiah strengthening existing Abrahamic covenant, NOT cutting a new peace treaty
H3772 karath — 358 occurrences, 288 BLB count¶
Transliteration: kaw-rath. POS: verb. "to cut off/down/asunder; destroy, consume; specifically to covenant (by cutting flesh and passing between pieces)" Standard covenant usage: "cut a covenant" (karath berith) — Gen 15:18; Exod 24:8; Jer 31:31 NOT used in Dan 9:27 — gabar used instead. This lexical distinction is significant.
H6663 tsadaq — 54 occurrences, 41 BLB count¶
Transliteration: tsaw-dak. POS: verb. "to be/make right in moral or forensic sense; cleanse, clear self, be/do just, justify, be/turn to righteous" Key occurrence: Dan 8:14 nitsdaq (Niphal) — rendered "cleansed" in KJV Translation pattern: predominantly FORENSIC/JUDICIAL ("be justified," "be righteous," "justify") Only ONE time rendered "cleansed" in KJV (Dan 8:14) — anomalous rendering Normal ritual cleansing = taher (H2891). nitsdaq = judicial vindication, not ritual purification. Dan 12:3 also uses tsadaq: "they that turn many to righteousness"
H8548 tamiyd — 105 occurrences, 104 BLB count¶
Transliteration: taw-meed. POS: masculine noun. "from unused root meaning to stretch; continuance; constant, daily sacrifice; always, continual, daily, ever, perpetual" Daniel occurrences: Dan 8:11,12,13; 11:31; 12:11 — "the daily [sacrifice]" NOTE: "sacrifice" is supplied by translators in italics. Hebrew has only tamid = "the continual" Exod 29:38-42: tamid describes PAIRED morning-evening sacrifice (two lambs per day) This supports erev-boqer as single unit = one day, not half-days
H6132 aqar — 2 occurrences (Aramaic)¶
Transliteration: ak-ar. POS: verb (Aramaic). "corresponding to [H6131]: pluck up by the roots" Dan 7:8: three horns "plucked up by the roots" (it'aqaru) — Hithpael = forcible uprooting Only other occurrence: also in Daniel context Meaning: violent, complete removal — not gentle displacement
H1881 dat — 23 occurrences, 22 BLB count¶
Transliteration: dawth. POS: feminine noun. "of uncertain derivation; a royal edict or statute; commandment, commission, decree, law, manner" Dan 7:25: "think to change times and dat" — ABSOLUTE form (no construct) Key question: dat = divine law (Torah) or royal decree/edict? Usage pattern: Esther uses dat extensively for royal decrees (Est 1:8,13,15,19; 2:8,12; 3:8,14,15; etc.) Dan 2:21 contrast: God "changeth times and seasons" — divine prerogative Dan 7:25 sbar (intend) + hashnayah (change) + dat = the horn INTENDS to change law — not yet divine law in construct form
H5732 iddan — 15 occurrences, 13 BLB count¶
Transliteration: id-dawn. POS: masculine noun (Aramaic). "a set time; technically, a year" Dan 4:16,23,25,32: "seven iddan" = universally understood as 7 literal years Dan 7:25: "iddan ve-iddanin u-felag iddan" = time + times + half a time BDB: "definite time = year" citing Dan 4:13,20,22,29 explicitly FUT argument: if iddan = literal year in Dan 4, same word = literal year in Dan 7:25 (= 3.5 years) HIST counter: Dan 7 is symbolic apocalyptic (beasts = kingdoms), so time is also symbolic
H7620 shabuwa — 24 occurrences, 20 BLB count¶
Transliteration: shaw-boo-ah. POS: masculine noun. "passive participle of as denominative of [seven]; literally sevened, i.e. a week (specifically of years): seven, week" Key: Gen 29:27-28 "Fulfil HER WEEK" = 7-year period (Jacob's service for Rachel) Dan 9:24-27: shabuim shiv'im = "sevens seventy" = 70x7 units Dan 10:2-3: shabuim YAMIM = "weeks of DAYS" — authorial clarification signal When Daniel means literal day-weeks, he adds yamim. In 9:24, yamim is ABSENT → year-weeks
G646 apostasia — 2 NT occurrences¶
Transliteration: ap-os-tas-ee-ah. POS: feminine noun. "defection from truth" Acts 21:21: "thou teachest all the Jews... to FORSAKE Moses" — religious defection 2 Thess 2:3: "except there come a FALLING AWAY first" — religious apostasy BOTH uses = religious departure/defection. Zero NT instances meaning "physical departure/rapture" Paul's own word for physical gathering = episynagoge (G1997, 2 Thess 2:1)
G3952 parousia — 19 occurrences (NT only)¶
Transliteration: par-oo-see-ah. POS: feminine noun. "a being near, advent" Primarily translated "coming" (18x). Used for Christ's Second Coming throughout Paul. 1 Thess 4:15: "the coming (parousia) of the Lord"
G602 apokalypsis — 18 occurrences¶
Transliteration: ap-ok-al-oop-sis. POS: feminine noun. "disclosure, appearing, revelation" 2 Thess 1:7: "when the Lord Jesus shall be REVEALED (apokalypsis)"
G2015 epiphaneia — 6 occurrences¶
Transliteration: ep-if-an-i-ah. POS: feminine noun. "a manifestation, the advent of Christ" 2 Thess 2:8: "destroy with the BRIGHTNESS (epiphaneia) of his coming (parousia)" NOTE: parousia, apokalypsis, and epiphaneia all describe the SAME event in Paul — one visible Second Coming, not a secret rapture followed by a separate revelation
G1997 episynagoge — 2 occurrences¶
Transliteration: ep-ee-soon-ag-o-gay. POS: feminine noun. "a complete collection, a Christian meeting" 2 Thess 2:1: "by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our GATHERING TOGETHER unto him" Heb 10:25: "not forsaking the assembling (episynagoge) of ourselves together" This is Paul's word for the saints' gathering — he uses it in 2 Thess 2:1, then uses DIFFERENT word apostasia in 2:3
H4758 mareh — 107 occurrences, 103 BLB count¶
Transliteration: mar-eh. POS: masculine noun. "a view, appearance; shape, vision" Daniel occurrences: Dan 1:4,13,15; 8:15,16,26,27; 9:23; 10:1,6,18 Dan 8:16: Gabriel told to explain "the vision (mareh)" — initial commission Dan 8:26: "the vision (mareh) of the evening and morning" — identifies WHICH vision Dan 8:27: Daniel "astonished at the vision (mareh)" — still unexplained Dan 9:23: "understand the matter, and consider the VISION (mareh)" — Gabriel RESUMES explaining The mareh/haben inclusio links Dan 8 and Dan 9 as one continuous explanation
H7093 qets — 67 BLB count¶
Transliteration: kates. POS: masculine noun. "an extremity; end, after, border, finite" Daniel chain: Dan 8:17,19; 9:26; 11:6,13,27,35,40,45; 12:4,6,9,13 "eth qets" (time of the end) appears at: Dan 8:17; 11:35,40; 12:4,9 PRET acknowledges: eth qets double-use is "unresolved weakness" — uses same phrase for both Antiochus era and eschatological end
H5957 alam — 20 BLB count (Aramaic)¶
Transliteration: aw-lam. POS: masculine noun (Aramaic). "perpetuity, antiquity; forever, everlasting" Dan 2:44: kingdom "shall stand le-almayya" (forever and ever, plural emphatic) Dan 7:14: dominion "ad alam" (unto perpetuity) + "shall not pass away" Dan 7:18: saints possess kingdom "ad alma ve-ad alam almayya" (forever, even forever and ever) Dan 7:27: kingdom is "malkut alam" (everlasting kingdom) Triple/quadruple emphasis on everlasting = exceeds any temporal Maccabean kingdom by definition
H8074 shamem — 92 BLB count¶
Transliteration: shaw-mame. POS: verb. "to stun, devastate; make amazed, be astonished, make desolate, destroy, lay waste" Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 8:13; 8:27; 9:18; 9:26; 9:27 (2x); 11:31; 12:11 Dan 9:27 meshomem (Piel participle) = "causing desolation" — the one making desolate Dan 8:13 hashomem = "that makes desolate" — same participial form Top translations: "desolate" (14x), "shall be astonished" (9x), "shall be desolate" (4x) NOTE: shamem is the VERB root; shiqquts (H8251) is the detestable THING. Together: shiqquts meshomem = "abomination that causes desolation"
H8251 shiqquwts — 28 BLB count¶
Transliteration: shik-koots. POS: masculine noun. "disgusting, filthy; especially idolatrous; an idol; abominable filth, detestable thing" Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11 Dan 9:27: shiqquwtsim meshomem = "abominations that cause desolation" (plural in Hebrew) Dan 11:31: shiqquwts shamem = "the abomination that maketh desolate" Dan 12:11: shiqquwts shomem = "the abomination that maketh desolate" Usage pattern: almost exclusively for IDOLS and idolatrous practices (Deut 29:16; 1 Kgs 11:5; 2 Kgs 23:24; Jer 4:1; Ezek 5:11) NT equivalent: bdelygma (G946) in Matt 24:15, Mark 13:14
H4437 malku — 57 BLB count (Aramaic)¶
Transliteration: mal-koo. POS: feminine noun (Aramaic). "royalty, reign, kingdom, dominion" Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 2:37,39,40,41,42,44; 4:3,17,18,25,26,29,30,31,32,34,36; 5:7,11,16,18,20,21,26,28,29; 6:1,3,7,26; 7:14,18,22,23,24,27 Dan 7:14: malku given to Son of Man — twice in verse Dan 7:27: malkut alam = "everlasting kingdom" — given to saints Dan 2:44: "shall the God of heaven set up a malku which shall never be destroyed" BDB: three senses: (1) royal authority, (2) organized world-kingdom, (3) realm/territory
H4438 malkuwth — 91 BLB count¶
Transliteration: mal-kooth. POS: feminine noun. "rule, dominion, kingdom, reign, royal" Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 1:1; 2:1; 8:1,22; 9:1; 10:13; 11:2,4,9,17,20,21 Dan 8:22: "four malkuwth shall stand up out of the nation" — four successor kingdoms NOTE: malku (H4437, Aramaic) appears in the Aramaic sections (Dan 2-7); malkuwth (H4438, Hebrew) in Hebrew sections (Dan 8-12)
H6256 eth — 296 BLB count¶
Transliteration: ayth. POS: feminine noun. "time; especially with preposition: now, when, season" Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 8:7; 9:21; 11:13,14,35,40; 12:1,4,9 "eth qets" (time of the end) chain: Dan 8:17; 11:35,40; 12:4,9 Dan 12:1: "at that time (ba-eth hahi) shall Michael stand up" — connects "time of the end" to cosmic events Top translations: "time" (91x), "at" (39x), "the time" (21x), "in the time" (19x) NOTE: eth is HEBREW; zeman (H2165) and iddan (H5732) are ARAMAIC equivalents
H4171 mur — 14 BLB count¶
Transliteration: moor. POS: verb. "to alter, barter, change, exchange, remove" Occurrences: Lev 27:10,33; Ps 15:4; 46:3,7; 106:20; Jer 2:11; 48:11; Ezek 48:14; Hos 4:7; Mic 2:4 Ps 106:20: "they changed (himiru) their glory" — changed God for idol NOT used in Dan 7:25 — Daniel uses shenah/hashnayah (Aramaic) for "change times and laws" Conceptual parallel: both mur and shenah describe unauthorized alteration
H1285 beriyth — 284 BLB count¶
Transliteration: ber-eeth. POS: feminine noun. "a compact (made by cutting); covenant, league, confederacy" Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 9:4,27; 11:22,28,30,32 Dan 9:27: vehigbir beriyth = "he shall strengthen/confirm the covenant" Dan 11:22: "prince of the covenant" — covenant-keeper destroyed Dan 11:28,30: "holy covenant" — targeted by the willful king BDB: "from brt (in the sense of cutting)" — covenant-making involved cutting flesh and passing between pieces (Gen 15:18) Standard formula: karath beriyth = "cut a covenant" (Gen 15:18; Exod 24:8; Jer 31:31) Dan 9:27 uses gabar beriyth NOT karath beriyth — critical lexical distinction
H2891 taher — 94 BLB count¶
Transliteration: taw-hare. POS: verb. "to be bright; to be pure/clean; Levitically uncontaminated; morally innocent" Occurrences predominantly in Leviticus (ritual purification context): Lev 11-16 (50+ times) Also: 2 Chr 29:15,16; Neh 12:30; Ezek 36:25,33; Mal 3:3 NOT used in Dan 8:14 — nitsdaq (H6663 Niphal) used instead This distinction is critical: taher = ritual/Levitical cleansing; tsadaq = forensic/judicial vindication KJV renders Dan 8:14 "shall the sanctuary be CLEANSED" — imports taher concept onto tsadaq word More accurate: "shall the sanctuary be VINDICATED/JUSTIFIED"
H5703 ad — 49 BLB count¶
Transliteration: ad. POS: masculine noun. "terminus; duration; perpetuity; eternity; ever, everlasting, evermore" Key Daniel occurrence: Dan 12:3 "and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars le-olam va-ad" Usage pattern: overwhelmingly "for ever" (25x) and "and ever" (14x) — qualifying permanence Compound: ad + olam = "for ever and ever" — double emphasis on perpetuity Dan 7:18 (Aramaic equivalent): ad alma ve-ad alam almayya = "forever, even forever and ever" — TRIPLE emphasis
H2165 zeman — 4 BLB count (Aramaic)¶
Transliteration: zem-awn. POS: masculine noun (Aramaic). "an appointed occasion; time, season" Occurrences: Neh 2:6; Est 9:27,31; Eccl 3:1 Dan 7:25 uses zimnin (from Aramaic zeman) = "times/appointed times" Dan 2:21: "he changeth times (iddanayya) and seasons (zimnayya)" — God's prerogative Dan 7:25: horn "intends to change times (zimnin) and law (dat)" — usurping God's prerogative NOTE: zeman parallel in Dan 2:21/7:25 creates deliberate contrast: God DOES change; horn merely INTENDS to
G1575 ekklao — 3 BLB count¶
Transliteration: ek-klah. POS: verb. "to break off" All occurrences in Rom 11:17,19,20 — all describe broken-off branches (Israel) Rom 11:17: "some of the branches were broken off" — not ALL, only SOME Rom 11:19: "branches were broken off that I might be grafted in" Rom 11:20: "because of unbelief they were broken off" — reason = unbelief, not permanent rejection NOTE: Paul uses this to describe partial, conditional removal — not permanent replacement
G278 ametameletos — 2 occurrences¶
Transliteration: am-et-am-el-ay-tos. POS: adjective. "irrevocable, without regret" Rom 11:29: "the gifts and calling of God are ametameleta" (irrevocable) 2 Cor 7:10: "repentance... not to be repented of" FUT keystone: God's gifts to Israel are IRREVOCABLE — supports ongoing distinct program for national Israel Counter: irrevocable gifts/calling does not require separate eschatological program; fulfilled IN Christ (Rom 9:6-8)
H7680 sega — 3 BLB count (Aramaic)¶
Transliteration: seg-aw. POS: verb (Aramaic). "to grow, increase, be multiplied" Dan 3:31 (4:1 Eng): "your peace be multiplied" Dan 6:26 (6:25 Eng): "peace be multiplied" Ezra 4:22: "damage should grow" Growth vocabulary in Daniel context — but NOT used for the horn's growth (that uses gadal)