Raw Hebrew Parsing Output¶

Daniel 7:25¶

וּמִלִּ֗ין לְצַ֤ד עִלָּאָה֙ יְמַלִּ֔ל וּלְקַדִּישֵׁ֥י עֶלְיֹונִ֖ין יְבַלֵּ֑א וְיִסְבַּ֗ר לְהַשְׁנָיָה֙ זִמְנִ֣ין וְדָ֔ת
וְיִתְיַהֲב֣וּן בִּידֵ֔הּ עַד־עִדָּ֥ן וְעִדָּנִ֖ין וּפְלַ֥ג עִדָּֽן׃

Key terms:
- יְבַלֵּ֑א (bela) = Verb.pael.Impf.3ms from בלה "wear out" — Pael stem = prolonged attrition
- וְיִסְבַּ֗ר (yisbar) = Verb.peal.Impf.3ms from סבר "intend" — NOT accomplished fact
- לְהַשְׁנָיָה֙ (lehashnayah) = Verb.haf.InfCon from שׁנה "be different/change"
- זִמְנִ֣ין (zimnin) = Noun.mp.Abs from זמן "time"
- וְדָ֔ת (vedat) = Noun.fs.Abs from דת "law" — ABSOLUTE form (not construct)
- עִדָּ֥ן (iddan) = Noun.ms.Abs from עדן "time"
- וְעִדָּנִ֖ין (ve-iddanin) = Noun.mp.Abs from עדן "time" (plural)
- פְלַ֥ג (pelag) = Noun.ms.Cst from פלג "half"

Daniel 8:9¶

וּמִן־הָאַחַ֣ת מֵהֶ֔ם יָצָ֥א קֶֽרֶן־אַחַ֖ת מִצְּעִירָ֑ה וַתִּגְדַּל־יֶ֛תֶר אֶל־הַנֶּ֥גֶב וְאֶל־הַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְאֶל־הַצֶּֽבִי׃

Key terms:
- וַתִּגְדַּל (vattigdal) = Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs from גדל "be strong/grow great"
- יֶ֛תֶר (yether) = Noun.ms.Abs from יתר "remainder/exceeding" — comparative adverb modifying gadal
- מִצְּעִירָ֑ה (mits'irah) = Noun.fs.Abs from צעירה "youth/smallness" — horn starts small
- הַנֶּ֥גֶב (hannegev) = south; הַמִּזְרָ֖ח (hammizrach) = east; הַצֶּֽבִי (hatstevi) = beauty/pleasant land

Daniel 8:14¶

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י עַ֚ד עֶ֣רֶב בֹּ֔קֶר אַלְפַּ֖יִם וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵאֹ֑ות וְנִצְדַּ֖ק קֹֽדֶשׁ׃

Key terms:
- עֶ֣רֶב (erev) = Noun.ms.Abs "evening"
- בֹּ֔קֶר (boqer) = Noun.ms.Abs "morning" — NO conjunction between, compound unit like Gen 1 erev-boqer
- אַלְפַּ֖יִם (alpayim) = Noun.d.Abs "thousand" (dual = 2000)
- וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵאֹ֑ות (ushlosh meot) = "and three hundred"
- וְנִצְדַּ֖ק (venitsdaq) = Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms from צדק "be just/vindicated" — NIPHAL passive
- קֹֽדֶשׁ (qodesh) = Noun.ms.Abs "holiness/sanctuary"
NOTE: nitsdaq is Niphal = "be justified/vindicated" — forensic/judicial, NOT ritual cleansing (taher)

Daniel 9:24¶

שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שִׁבְעִ֜ים נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֣ וְעַל־עִ֣יר קָדְשֶׁ֗ךָ

Key terms:
- שָׁבֻעִ֨ים (shabu'im) = Noun.mp.Abs from שׁבוע "week" (sevens)
- שִׁבְעִ֜ים (shiv'im) = Noun.mp.Abs from שׁבע "seventy"
- נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ (nechtak) = Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms from חתך "be determined/cut off" — HAPAX LEGOMENON
  Root meaning: "cut off" — Gesenius primary: "to cut, to cut off"
  KJV renders "determined" (figurative extension of cutting off a portion)
Six purposes: לְכַלֵּ֨א הַפֶּ֜שַׁע (finish transgression), וּלְהָתֵ֤ם חַטָּאת֙ (seal up sin),
  וּלְכַפֵּ֣ר עָוֹ֔ן (make atonement for iniquity), וּלְהָבִ֖יא צֶ֣דֶק עֹֽלָמִ֑ים (bring everlasting righteousness),
  וְלַחְתֹּם֙ חָזֹ֣ון וְנָבִ֔יא (seal up vision and prophet), וְלִמְשֹׁ֖חַ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִֽׁים (anoint most holy)
NOTE: No yamim (days) after shabu'im here — contrast Dan 10:2-3 where shabuim yamim = "weeks of days"

Daniel 9:27¶

וְהִגְבִּ֥יר בְּרִ֛ית לָרַבִּ֖ים שָׁב֣וּעַ אֶחָ֑ד

Key terms:
- וְהִגְבִּ֥יר (vehigbir) = Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms from גבר "be superior/strengthen"
  Hiphil causative: "he shall cause to be strong/confirm" — NOT karath (cut covenant)
- בְּרִ֛ית (berit) = Noun.fs.Abs "covenant"
- לָרַבִּ֖ים (larabbim) = Prep + Art + Adj.mp.Abs "to/for the many"
  Parallel to ISA 53:11 la-rabbim "shall justify many"
- שִׁקּוּצִים֙ (shiqquwtsim) = Noun.mp.Abs from שׁקוץ "idol/detestable thing"
- מְשֹׁמֵ֔ם (meshomem) = Verb.Piel.Ptcp.ms from שׁמם "be desolate" — piel participial = causing desolation
NOTE: If "he" (subject of higbir) = Messiah in 9:27a, then the same "he" is subject of shiqquwtsim meshomem = theologically impossible for Messiah. Key FUT defense.

Daniel 11:36¶

וְעָשָׂ֨ה כִרְצֹונֹ֜ו הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְיִתְרֹומֵ֤ם וְיִתְגַּדֵּל֙ עַל־כָּל־אֵ֔ל

Key terms:
- הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ (hammelekh) = "the king" — no explicit subject change marker from previous context
- וְיִתְרֹומֵ֤ם (veyithromem) = Verb.Hithpael.Impf.3ms from רום "exalt himself"
- וְיִתְגַּדֵּל֙ (veyithgaddel) = Verb.Hithpael.Impf.3ms from גדל "magnify himself"
  NOTE: Same root gadal as Dan 8:9 but Hithpael reflexive = self-magnification
- נִפְלָאֹ֑ות (niflaot) = Verb.Niphal.Ptcp.fp "wonderful/marvelous things" — against God of gods
- עַד־כָּ֣לָה זַ֔עַם (ad kalah za'am) = "until indignation be accomplished"
  NOTE: eth qets not used here; instead, kalah za'am provides temporal boundary

Daniel 2:34¶

עַל־רַגְלֹ֔והִי דִּ֥י פַרְזְלָ֖א וְחַסְפָּ֑א וְהַדֵּ֖קֶת הִמֹּֽון׃

Key terms:
- רַגְלֹ֔והִי (raglohi) = Noun.fd.Abs + 3ms suffix from רגל "foot" — FEET, not legs
  Compare שׁק (shaq) = "leg/thigh" (Dan 2:32 — not used for stone target)
  Stone strikes FEET specifically = the ten-toe/ten-king phase
- פַרְזְלָ֖א (parzela) = "iron"
- וְחַסְפָּ֑א (vechaspa) = "clay"
- הַדֵּ֖קֶת (haddeqet) = Verb.haf.Perf.3fs from דקק "crush" — feminine matching אֶבֶן (stone)

Daniel 4:16 (Dan 4:19 in English)¶

Note: Dan 4:16 in MT is Dan 4:19 in English versification.
The verse describes Daniel's reaction to the dream, not the "seven times" language.
The "seven times" (shiv'ah iddanin) appears in Dan 4:13,20,22,29 (MT = 4:16,23,25,32 Eng).

From Dan 4:16 (English) = Dan 4:13 (MT):
שִׁבְעָה עִדָּנִין (shiv'ah iddanin) = "seven times/seasons"
- עִדָּנִין (iddanin) = Noun.mp.Abs from עדן (iddan) "time"
  Same word as Dan 7:25 iddan ve-iddanin u-felag iddan
  In Dan 4 context: universally understood as LITERAL YEARS (7 years of insanity)
  FUT argues: same word = same literal meaning in Dan 7:25 (3.5 literal years)

Daniel 12:2¶

וְרַבִּ֕ים מִיְּשֵׁנֵ֥י אַדְמַת־עָפָ֖ר יָקִ֑יצוּ אֵ֚לֶּה לְחַיֵּ֣י עֹולָ֔ם וְאֵ֥לֶּה לַחֲרָפֹ֖ות לְדִרְאֹ֥ון עֹולָֽם׃

Key terms:
- דִרְאֹ֥ון (dera'on) = Noun.ms.Cst from דראון "abhorrence" — HAPAX in this form
  Only other occurrence: Isa 66:24 "they shall be an abhorring (dera'on) unto all flesh"
  Links Dan 12:2 to Isa 66:24 — eschatological scope
- עֹולָ֔ם (olam) = "eternity" — appears twice: "everlasting life" and "everlasting contempt"
  Double olam = fully eschatological, not limited Maccabean horizon
- יָקִ֑יצוּ (yaqitsu) = Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3mp from קיץ "awake" — resurrection vocabulary

Numbers 14:34¶

יֹ֣ום לַשָּׁנָ֞ה יֹ֣ום לַשָּׁנָ֗ה (yom lashshanah yom lashshanah)
= "each day for a year, each day for a year" — formula repeated for emphasis
- יֹום (yom) = Noun.ms "day"
- לַשָּׁנָ֞ה (lashshanah) = Prep + Art + Noun.fs "for the year"
NOTE: Context is divine judgment — 40 days spying = 40 years punishment
This is a specific ratio, not an abstract hermeneutical rule

Ezekiel 4:6¶

אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יֹ֔ום יֹ֧ום לַשָּׁנָ֛ה יֹ֥ום לַשָּׁנָ֖ה נְתַתִּ֥יו לָֽךְ׃
= "forty days — each day for a year, each day for a year, I have given it to you"
Same formula as Num 14:34: yom lashshanah yom lashshanah
Context: Ezekiel bears iniquity in sign-act; days represent years of sin
Both instances: unique divine judgment contexts, not universal hermeneutic

Daniel 10:2-3¶

בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵ֑ם אֲנִ֤י דָֽנִיֵּאל֙ הָיִ֣יתִי מִתְאַבֵּ֔ל שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה שָׁבֻעִ֖ים יָמִֽים׃

Key terms:
- שָׁבֻעִ֖ים (shabu'im) = Noun.mp.Abs from שׁבוע "week" (sevens) — same word as Dan 9:24
- יָמִֽים (yamim) = Noun.mp.Abs from יום "day" — EXPLICIT QUALIFIER
  Dan 10:2 shabu'im YAMIM = "weeks of DAYS" — authorial clarification signal
  Dan 9:24 has shabu'im WITHOUT yamim → year-weeks by default
  When Daniel means literal day-weeks, he ADDS yamim. Absence in 9:24 = year-weeks.
- מִתְאַבֵּ֔ל (mith'abbel) = Verb.Hithpael.Ptcp from אבל "mourn" — ongoing mourning
  Dan 10:3 repeats: שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שָׁבֻעִ֖ים יָמִֽים = "three weeks of days"
  Both 10:2 and 10:3 use the yamim qualifier — doubly emphatic distinction from 9:24

Daniel 8:10¶

וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל עַד־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתַּפֵּ֥ל אַ֛רְצָה מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכֹּוכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃

Key terms:
- וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל (vattigdal) = Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs from גדל "be strong/grow great"
  Same Qal form as 8:9 — continuation of gadal chain (8:4 ram → 8:8 he-goat → 8:9 horn → 8:10 horn)
- צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם (tseva hashamayim) = "host of heaven" — religious/cosmic target
- וַתַּפֵּ֥ל (vattappel) = Verb.Hiphil.Wayq.3fs from נפל "cause to fall" — Hiphil causative
- וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם (vattirmsem) = Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs+3mp from רמס "trample"
NOTE: v.10 gadal is Qal (grew great); v.11 shifts to Hiphil (magnified self) — escalation

Daniel 8:11¶

וְעַ֥ד שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א הִגְדִּ֑יל וּמִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ הוּרַ֣ם הַתָּמִ֔יד וְהֻשְׁלַ֖ךְ מְכֹ֥ון מִקְדָּשֹֽׁו׃

Key terms:
- הִגְדִּ֑יל (higdil) = Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms from גדל "magnify self"
  HIPHIL causative = "he magnified himself" — shift from Qal intransitive to Hiphil reflexive
  gadal chain: Qal (8:4 ram) → Qal (8:8 he-goat) → Qal+yether (8:9 horn exceeding) → Qal (8:10 cosmic) → Hiphil (8:11 against Prince) → Hithpael (11:36 self-exaltation)
- שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א (sar-hatstsava) = "prince of the host" — construct chain: commander of army
- הוּרַ֣ם (huram) = Verb.Hophal.Perf.3ms from רום "was lifted/taken away" — passive: tamid removed
- הַתָּמִ֔יד (hattamid) = Art + Noun.ms "the continual" — no "sacrifice" in Hebrew
- וְהֻשְׁלַ֖ךְ (vehushlakh) = Verb.Hophal.Perf.3ms from שׁלך "was cast down" — passive
- מִקְדָּשֹֽׁו (miqdashsav) = Noun.ms.Abs+3ms from מקדשׁ "his sanctuary"

Daniel 7:8¶

Key Aramaic terms (from parsing):
- אתעקרו (it'aqaru) = Verb.Ethpeel.Perf.3fp from עקר "were plucked up"
  Ethpeel = reflexive/passive of "uproot" — three horns "were uprooted"
- זְעֵירָה֙ (ze'irah) = Adj.fs.Abs "small/little" — horn starts small
- סִלְקָ֣ת (silqat) = Verb.Peal.Perf.3fs from סלק "went up/came up"
- מְמַלִּ֥ל (memallil) = Verb.Pael.Ptcp.ms from מלל "speaking"
- רַבְרְבָֽן (ravrevan) = Adj.fp.Abs from רב "great things" — mouth speaking great things
  Links to Rev 13:5 stoma laloun megala (G4750+G2980+G3173)

Daniel 7:20¶

Key Aramaic terms (from parsing):
- נפלו (nephalu) = Verb.Peal.Perf.3fp from נפל "fell" — three horns FELL before it
  Dan 7:8 uses etpe'al (passive/reflexive = "were uprooted"); 7:20 uses peal (active = "fell")
  Both describe same event from different perspectives: forcible uprooting (7:8) / resultant falling (7:20)
- חֶזְוַ֖הּ רַ֥ב מִן־חַבְרָתַֽהּ (chezwah rav min-chavratah) = "its appearance greater than its companions"
  rav min = comparative "greater than" — the horn LOOKED bigger than the other horns
  This is an APPEARANCE comparison within the horns, not the gadal chain