Word Studies¶
Question¶
How does Revelation develop Daniel's prophetic themes, and what does the literary dependence establish?
G4969 -- sphazo (to slaughter/slay) -- CRITICAL: Counterfeit Pattern¶
Original: sphazo Transliteration: sphazo Definition: a primary verb; to butcher (especially an animal for food or in sacrifice); to slaughter, slay BLB Count: 10
Translations (8 KJV occurrences)¶
| Translation | Count | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| that were slain | 2 | 25.0% |
| it had been slain | 1 | 12.5% |
| thou wast slain | 1 | 12.5% |
| that was slain | 1 | 12.5% |
| they should kill | 1 | 12.5% |
| wounded | 1 | 12.5% |
| slain | 1 | 12.5% |
Full BLB Occurrence List¶
1 John 3:12; Revelation 5:6; 5:9; 5:12; 6:4; 6:4; 6:9; 13:3; 13:8; 18:24
Key Verses for Counterfeit Pattern¶
- Rev 5:6 -- Lamb "as it had been slain" (hos esphagmenon, perfect passive participle)
- Rev 13:3 -- Beast "wounded to death" (hos esphagmenen, perfect passive participle)
- Same verb, same tense, same particle (hos) = deliberate counterfeit
- Rev 13:8 -- "Lamb slain from the foundation of the world"
G988 -- blasphemia (blasphemy) -- Beast's Speech¶
Original: blasphemia Transliteration: blasphemia Definition: vilification (especially against God); blasphemy, evil speaking, railing BLB Count: 19
Translations (18 KJV occurrences)¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| blasphemy | 7 |
| blasphemies | 5 |
| of blasphemy | 2 |
| the blasphemy | 1 |
| evil speaking | 1 |
| railings | 1 |
| a railing | 1 |
Revelation Occurrences¶
- Rev 2:9 -- "I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews"
- Rev 13:1 -- "upon his heads the name of blasphemy"
- Rev 13:5 -- "a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies"
- Rev 13:6 -- "he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God"
- Rev 17:3 -- "full of names of blasphemy"
Key Verses (all G988 "blasphemy" translations)¶
Mat 12:31; Mat 26:65; Mar 7:22; Mar 14:64; Col 3:8; Rev 2:9; Rev 13:6
G4633 -- skene (tabernacle) -- Sanctuary Connection¶
Original: skene Transliteration: skene Definition: apparently akin to skeuos and skia; a tent or cloth hut; tabernacle BLB Count: 20 occurrences
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| tabernacle | 13 |
| tabernacles | 4 |
| habitations | 1 |
| a tabernacle | 1 |
| the tabernacle | 1 |
Key Verses (G4633 "tabernacle")¶
Act 7:43; Act 7:44; Act 15:16; Heb 8:2; Heb 8:5; Heb 9:6; Heb 9:8; Heb 9:11; Heb 9:21; Heb 13:10; Rev 13:6; Rev 15:5; Rev 21:3
Critical: Rev 13:6 connects beast's blasphemy to tabernacle/sanctuary attack (cf. Dan 8:11)¶
G4637 -- skenoo (to tent/dwell) -- Rev 13:6 "Them That Dwell in Heaven"¶
Original: skenoo Transliteration: skenoo Definition: to tent or encamp; to reside (as God did in the Tabernacle); dwell Occurrences: 4 total (shall dwell, ye that dwell, dwell, he will dwell)
Critical use: Rev 13:6 -- "them that dwell [skenountas] in heaven" = those tabernacling in heaven¶
G3485 -- naos (temple/shrine) -- Temple Nexus¶
Original: naos Transliteration: naos Definition: a shrine or temple (inner part); distinguished from hieron (the whole sacred enclosure) BLB Count: 43 occurrences (KJV)
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| temple | 35 |
| the temple | 4 |
| temples | 2 |
| shrines | 1 |
| hath the temple | 1 |
Revelation Occurrences (naos "temple")¶
Rev 3:12; Rev 7:15; Rev 11:1; Rev 11:2; Rev 11:19 (2x); Rev 14:15; Rev 14:17; Rev 15:5; Rev 15:6; Rev 15:8 (2x); Rev 16:1; Rev 16:17; Rev 21:22
2 Thessalonians 2:4 -- "he as God sitteth in the temple [naon] of God"¶
Temple Convergence: Rev 11:1-2 / Dan 9:27 / Dan 8:11 / 2 Thess 2:4¶
G5281 -- hypomone (patience/endurance) -- Inclusio Pattern¶
Original: hypomone Transliteration: hypomone Definition: cheerful (or hopeful) endurance, constancy; enduring, patience, patient continuance (waiting) BLB Count: 32
Translations (29 KJV occurrences)¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| patience | 22 |
| of patience | 2 |
| patient continuance | 1 |
| the enduring | 1 |
| the patient waiting | 1 |
| in patience | 1 |
| the patience | 1 |
Revelation Occurrences (ALL)¶
- Rev 1:9 -- "companion in tribulation, and in the kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ"
- Rev 2:2 -- "I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience"
- Rev 2:3 -- "And hast borne, and hast patience"
- Rev 2:19 -- "I know thy works, and charity, and service, and faith, and thy patience"
- Rev 3:10 -- "thou hast kept the word of my patience"
- Rev 13:10 -- "Here is the patience and the faith of the saints" [INCLUSIO START]
- Rev 14:12 -- "Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus" [INCLUSIO END]
Inclusio structure: Rev 13:10 -> 14:12 brackets the beast narrative with saints' endurance call¶
G2920 -- krisis (judgment/decision) -- Vindication Chain¶
Original: krisis Transliteration: krisis Definition: decision (subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension, a tribunal; by implication, justice BLB Count: 48
Translations (34 KJV occurrences)¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| judgment | 18 |
| of judgment | 8 |
| damnation | 2 |
| the judgment | 2 |
| accusation | 2 |
| judgments | 2 |
Revelation Occurrences¶
- Rev 14:7 -- "the hour of his judgment [kriseos] is come" (cf. Dan 7:10 LXX dina -> krisis)
- Rev 16:7 -- "true and righteous are thy judgments [kriseis]"
- Rev 18:10 -- "in one hour is thy judgment come"
- Rev 19:2 -- "true and righteous are his judgments [kriseis]"
LXX Connection: Dan 7:10 Aramaic dina -> LXX krisis; Dan 7:26 -> krisis; this is the vindication vocabulary chain¶
G2920 "judgment" verses (all 18)¶
Mat 5:21; Mat 5:22; Mat 12:18; Mat 12:20; Mat 12:41; Mat 12:42; Mat 23:23; Luk 10:14; Luk 11:31; Luk 11:32; Luk 11:42; Act 8:33; 2Th 1:5; 1Ti 5:24; 2Pe 2:4; Jde 1:15; Rev 14:7; Rev 18:10
G4973 -- sphragis (seal/signet) -- Sealed-Unsealed Progression¶
Original: sphragis Transliteration: sphragis Definition: a signet (as fencing in or protecting from misappropriation); by implication, the stamp impressed, the mark; by extension, the thing sealed BLB Count: 16
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| seal | 9 |
| seals | 5 |
| a seal | 1 |
| the seal | 1 |
Key progression: Dan 12:4 sealed (sphragizo) -> Rev 5-8 seals (sphragis) opened -> Rev 10:4 thunders sealed -> Rev 22:10 NOT sealed¶
G601 -- apokalypto (to reveal/disclose) -- Contrast with Sealing¶
Original: apokalypto Transliteration: apokalypto Definition: to take off the cover, i.e. disclose; reveal BLB Count: 30
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| be revealed | 8 |
| shall (be revealed) | 3 |
| revealed | 3 |
| hast revealed | 2 |
| reveal | 2 |
| is revealed | 2 |
Key theological contrast: Daniel = sphragizo (seal up); Revelation = apokalypto (unveil)¶
- 2 Thess 2:3 -- apokalyphthe "be revealed" -- the man of sin revealed (aorist passive subjunctive)
- 2 Thess 2:6,8 -- apokalyphthenai / apokalyphthesetai -- to be revealed / shall be revealed
G946 -- bdelygma (abomination) -- Daniel-to-Revelation Chain¶
Original: bdelygma Transliteration: bdelygma Definition: a detestation, i.e. (especially) idolatry; abomination BLB Count: 6
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| abomination | 4 |
| abominations | 1 |
| ABOMINATIONS | 1 |
Chain: Dan 11:31 shiqquts -> LXX bdelygma -> Matt 24:15 bdelygma -> Rev 17:4-5 bdelygma¶
Matt 24:15 explicitly cites "Daniel the prophet" for the abomination connection¶
G5480 -- charagma (mark/stamp) -- Mark of the Beast¶
Original: charagma Transliteration: charagma Definition: a scratch or etching, i.e. stamp (as a badge of servitude); graven, mark BLB Count: 9
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| mark | 7 |
| graven | 1 |
| a mark | 1 |
Rev 13:16-17 -- the mark system; counterfeits the seal (sphragis) of God (Rev 7:3-4)¶
G4127 -- plege (plague/wound/stripe) -- Beast's Death-Wound¶
Original: plege Transliteration: plege Definition: a stroke; by implication, a wound; figuratively, a calamity; plague, stripe, wound BLB Count: 21
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| plagues | 10 |
| stripes | 4 |
| wound | 3 |
| plague | 2 |
| wounded | 1 |
| of stripes | 1 |
Rev 13:3 -- "his deadly wound [plege]" (plege tou thanatou)¶
Rev 13:12 -- "whose deadly wound was healed"¶
Rev 13:14 -- "which had the wound by a sword, and did live"¶
G684 -- apoleia (perdition/destruction) -- Perdition Chain¶
Original: apoleia Transliteration: apoleia Definition: ruin or loss (physical, spiritual or eternal); damnation, destruction, perdition, waste BLB Count: 20
Translations (17 KJV occurrences)¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| perdition | 5 |
| destruction | 4 |
| waste | 2 |
| perish | 1 |
| die | 1 |
| of perdition | 1 |
| damnable | 1 |
| pernicious ways | 1 |
| damnation | 1 |
Perdition Chain (G684 "perdition")¶
- 2 Thess 2:3 -- "the son of perdition [tes apoleias]" (= man of sin)
- Rev 17:8 -- beast "shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition [apoleian]"
- Rev 17:11 -- beast "goeth into perdition [apoleian]"
- John 17:12 -- "the son of perdition [tes apoleias]" (= Judas)
This chain links the man of sin (2 Thess 2) to the beast (Rev 17) through shared "son of perdition" designation¶
G684 "destruction" verses¶
Mat 7:13; Rom 9:22; 2Pe 2:1; 2Pe 3:16
G1325 -- didomi (to give) -- Divine Passive (edothe)¶
Original: didomi Transliteration: didomi Definition: to give (used in a very wide application) BLB Count: 341 occurrences
Critical Pattern: "was given" (edothe) divine passive in Rev 13:5-7¶
Four instances of passive didomi in Rev 13:5-7: 1. Rev 13:5 -- "there was given [edothe] unto him a mouth speaking great things" 2. Rev 13:5 -- "power was given [edothe] unto him to continue forty and two months" 3. Rev 13:7 -- "it was given [edothe] unto him to make war with the saints" 4. Rev 13:7 -- "power was given [edothe] him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations"
Connection to Dan 8:24 -- "his power shall be mighty, but not by his own power"¶
The divine passive (edothe) implies God permits but does not originate the beast's authority.
G5585 -- psephizo (to count/calculate) -- 666 Gematria¶
Original: psephizo Transliteration: psephizo Definition: to use pebbles in enumeration, i.e. (generally) to compute; count BLB Count: 2
Occurrences¶
- Rev 13:18 -- "Let him that hath understanding count [psephisato] the number of the beast"
- Luk 14:28 -- "sitteth not down first, and counteth [psephizei] the cost"
PRET argument: Neron Kaisar in Hebrew letters = 50+200+6+50 + 100+60+200 = 666; variant 616 = Latin "Nero"¶
H6663 -- tsadaq (to be/make right) -- Dan 8:14 Vindication¶
Original: tsadaq Transliteration: tsadaq Definition: a primitive root; to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense); cleanse, clear self, (be, do) just(-ice, -ify, -ify self), (be turn to) righteous(-ness) BLB Count: 41
Translations (54 KJV occurrences)¶
Predominantly forensic/judicial: be justified (4x), righteous (2x), justify (2x), just (2x), be cleansed (1x -- Dan 8:14 only)
Dan 8:14 -- nitsdaq (Niphal of tsadaq) = "be vindicated/justified" -- unique Niphal form¶
KJV translates as "cleansed" but the root is forensic, not ritual. 53/54 other uses are forensic/judicial.
LXX Mapping (PMI-weighted)¶
| Greek | Count | PMI | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1344 dikaioo | 21 | 8.73 | 26.99 | to render/regard as just |
| G1342 dikaios | 22 | 5.47 | 17.16 | equitable, righteous |
| G2919 krino | 8 | 4.77 | 10.49 | to distinguish, decide, judge |
| G2917 krima | 5 | 3.86 | 6.92 | a decision, judgment |
| G2920 krisis | 3 | 3.22 | 4.47 | decision, judgment |
Vindication chain: H6663 tsadaq -> G1344 dikaioo / G2920 krisis -> Rev 14:7 krisis; Rev 16:5-7 dikaiai; Rev 19:2 dikaiai¶
H4720 -- miqdash (sanctuary) -- Dan 8:11¶
Original: miqdash Transliteration: miqdash Definition: a consecrated thing or place, especially a palace, sanctuary (whether of Jehovah or of idols) BLB Count: 78 occurrences
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| the sanctuary | 16 |
| my sanctuary | 13 |
| of the sanctuary | 5 |
| sanctuary | 3 |
| his sanctuary | 3 |
| (various possessive forms) | 38 |
LXX Mapping (PMI-weighted)¶
| Greek | Count | PMI | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 hagios | 46 | 4.81 | 18.54 | set apart, holy, sacred |
| G953 bebeloo | 11 | 5.71 | 14.20 | to desecrate, profane |
| G3624 oikos | 21 | 2.16 | 6.66 | house, dwelling |
Key: H4720 miqdash -> LXX G40 hagios connects Dan 8:11 sanctuary to Rev 13:7 hagioi (saints) and Rev 15:5 "temple of the tabernacle of the testimony"¶
H5732 -- iddan (time, Aramaic) -- Time-Period Chain¶
Original: iddan Transliteration: iddan Definition: (Aramaic) a set time; technically, a year BLB Count: 13
Translations (15 KJV occurrences)¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| times | 4 |
| the time | 2 |
| at | 2 |
| time | 2 |
| (various) | 5 |
Key verse: Dan 7:25 -- "a time [iddan] and times [iddanin] and the dividing of time [iddan]" = 3.5 years¶
LXX Mapping (PMI-weighted)¶
| Greek | Count | PMI | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G2540 kairos | 9 | 6.17 | 14.22 | an occasion, set or proper time |
| G2342 therion | 5 | 6.65 | 11.91 | a dangerous animal, beast |
Vocabulary chain: H5732 iddan (Aramaic) -> LXX G2540 kairos -> Rev 12:14 kairos (time, times, half a time)¶
H4150 -- moed (appointed time) -- Time-Period Chain¶
Original: moed Transliteration: moed Definition: properly, an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; congregation; the place of meeting; a signal BLB Count: 223
Translations (229 KJV occurrences)¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| of the congregation | 146 |
| the feasts | 4 |
| appointed | 3 |
| at the time appointed | 3 |
| (various feast/assembly terms) | 73 |
Key verses: Dan 8:19; 11:27; 11:29; 11:35; 12:7 (2x)¶
Dan 12:7 -- "for a time [moed], times [moedim], and an half"
LXX Mapping (PMI-weighted)¶
| Greek | Count | PMI | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G3142 martyrion | 138 | 5.97 | 29.45 | something evidential, testimony |
| G4633 skene | 138 | 5.50 | 27.13 | a tent, tabernacle |
| G2374 thyra | 51 | 5.05 | 19.94 | a door |
| G1859 heorte | 34 | 5.46 | 19.41 | a festival, feast |
| G2540 kairos | 29 | 3.60 | 12.25 | an occasion, set/proper time |
Three-language chain: H5732 iddan (Aramaic) -> H4150 moed (Hebrew) -> G2540 kairos (Greek)¶
All three terms map to kairos in the LXX, establishing a unified vocabulary chain for the 3.5-year period.
H8548 -- tamiyd (continual/daily) -- Dan 8:11-13 Daily Sacrifice¶
Original: tamiyd Transliteration: tamiyd Definition: properly, continuance; continually, daily, always, perpetual BLB Count: 105 occurrences
Translations¶
| Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| continually | 53 |
| the continual | 17 |
| continual | 9 |
| the daily | 7 |
| always | 6 |
| alway | 4 |
| perpetual | 2 |
| ever | 2 |
Key: Dan 8:11 "the daily [tamiyd] sacrifice was taken away" -- the word translated "sacrifice" is not in the Hebrew; tamiyd alone is the noun meaning "the continual (service)"¶
H6663 tsadaq LXX -> Revelation Vindication Quartet Summary¶
The forensic chain from Dan 8:14 to Revelation's four vindication declarations:
- Rev 14:7 -- "the hour of his judgment [kriseos, G2920] is come" (cf. Dan 7:10 LXX krisis)
- Rev 15:3 -- "just [dikaiai, G1342] and true are thy ways" (cf. tsadaq -> dikaios)
- Rev 16:5-7 -- "Righteous [Dikaios] art thou... true and righteous [dikaiai] are thy judgments [kriseis]"
- Rev 19:1-2 -- "true and righteous [dikaiai] are his judgments [kriseis]"
All four use Greek derivatives of the same semantic field as H6663 tsadaq: dikaios (G1342), krisis (G2920). The LXX mapping confirms tsadaq's primary Greek equivalent is dikaioo (G1344), whose adjective form dikaios (G1342) appears in all four Revelation passages.