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Question

How does the preterist school read Daniel 8-9 and the 70 weeks, and what is the basis for disconnecting Dan 9 from Dan 8?

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GABRIEL

  • A messenger of God
  • Appeared to: Daniel (DAN 8:16; 9:21), Zacharias (LUK 1:11-19), Mary (LUK 1:26-29)
  • Note: Gabriel appears in ONLY these four passages in Scripture. His appearance in both Dan 8:16 and 9:21 creates an inherent textual link between the two chapters.

DANIEL

  • Jewish captive, also called Belteshazzar
  • Prophecies of: DAN 4:8,9; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; MAT 24:15
  • Wisdom of: DAN 1:17; EZK 28:3
  • Devoutness of: DAN 2:18; 6; 9; 10; 12; EZK 14:14
  • Note: Jesus references Daniel's prophecy by name in MAT 24:15 regarding the abomination of desolation.

SEVENTY

  • The senate of the Israelites composed of seventy elders: EXO 24:1,9; NUM 11:16,24,25
  • The seventy disciples sent forth by Jesus: LUK 10:1-17
  • The Jews in captivity in Babylon for seventy years: JER 25:11,12; 29:10; DAN 9:2; ZEC 1:12; 7:5
  • 70 Weeks in the vision of Daniel: DAN 9:24
  • Note: The direct literary connection between Jeremiah's 70 years and Daniel's 70 weeks is established by DAN 9:2 explicitly referencing JER 25:11-12 and 29:10.

COVENANT

  • Sacred: JOS 9:18-21; GAL 3:15
  • Binding: JOS 9:18-20; JER 34:8-21; EZK 17:14-18
  • Blood of: EXO 24:8
  • The Mosaic law called a covenant: EXO 34:28
  • OF GOD WITH MEN:
  • Confirmed with an oath: GEN 22:16; PSA 89:35; HEB 6:13,17,18
  • Everlasting: GEN 8:20-22; 9:1-17; PSA 105:8,10; ISA 54:10; 61:8
  • To be confirmed: DAN 9:27
  • THE SECOND COVENANT: JER 31:31-34; HEB 8:4-13; 12:18-24; 13:20
  • Note: Nave's links DAN 9:27 "confirm the covenant" to God's covenant, not a foreign treaty. The standard Hebrew for "make covenant" is karath berith (H3772 + H1285); Dan 9:27 uses gabar berith (H1396 + H1285) -- unique in Scripture.

ATONEMENT

  • For tabernacle and furniture: LEV 16:15-20,33
  • DAY OF:
  • Time: EXO 30:10; LEV 23:27; 25:9; NUM 29:7
  • How observed: LEV 16:2-34; 23:27-32; HEB 5:3; 9:7,19,22
  • MADE BY ANIMAL SACRIFICES: LEV 1:4; 4:20,22-35; 16:6-34; 17:11; HEB 9:22
  • MADE BY JESUS: typified by LEV 16:30,34 with HEB 9:7,12,28
  • UNCLASSIFIED: DAN 9:24-27; ISA 53:4-12; ROM 3:24-26; HEB 9:12-15,25,26
  • Note: Nave's classifies DAN 9:24-27 under ATONEMENT, connecting the six purposes of 9:24 to the atonement theology of the Bible.

ANOINTING

  • IN CONSECRATION:
  • OF HIGH PRIESTS: EXO 29:7,29; 40:13; LEV 6:20; 8:12; 16:32
  • OF PRIESTS: EXO 28:41; 30:30; 40:15; LEV 4:3; 8:30
  • OF KINGS: Saul (1SA 9:16; 10:1), David (1SA 16:3,12,13; 2SA 2:4; 5:3), Solomon (1KI 1:39), Jehu (1KI 19:16; 2KI 9:1-3)
  • Cyrus: ISA 45:1
  • OF PROPHETS: 1KI 19:16
  • FIGURATIVE:
  • Of Christ's kingly and priestly office: PSA 45:7; 89:20; ISA 61:1; DAN 9:24; LUK 4:18; ACT 4:27; 10:38; HEB 1:9
  • Of spiritual gifts: 2CO 1:21; 1JN 2:20,27
  • Note: The anointing language spans priests, kings, and even a pagan king (Cyrus). The PRET argues mashiach without the definite article means "an anointed one" (generic), not "THE Messiah" (specific).

VISION

  • A mode of revelation: NUM 12:6; 1SA 3:1; DAN 1:17; HOS 12:10; JOL 2:28; HAB 2:2
  • Of Daniel:
  • Of the four beasts: DAN 7
  • Of the Ancient of Days: DAN 7:9-27
  • Of the ram and the he-goat: DAN 8
  • Of the angel: DAN 10
  • Note: DAN 9 is NOT listed separately as a "vision" in Nave's -- it is categorized under Daniel's prophecies rather than visions, which is interesting given that 9:23 uses the word mar'eh.

SACRILEGE

  • Profaning holy things
  • Forbidden: LEV 19:8; 1CO 3:17
  • INSTANCES: Uzziah (2CH 26:16-21), Ahaz (2CH 28:24), money-exchangers in the temple (MAT 21:12,13)
  • Note: Temple desecration is a key element of the PRET reading -- Antiochus IV's installation of the Zeus altar in 167 BC as the abomination of desolation.

ABOMINATION

  • Things that are, to God: Idolatry (DEU 7:25; 27:15; 32:16)
  • UNCLASSIFIED: PRO 6:16-19; 11:20; 15:8,9,26; 16:5; 17:15
  • Note: The Hebrew shiqquts (H8251, "detestable thing/idol") in DAN 9:27 and 11:31 is distinct from to'ebah (the more common "abomination" word). Shiqquts specifically refers to idolatrous objects.

CAPTIVITY

  • Foretold: LEV 26:33; DEU 28:36
  • Of Judah in Babylon, prophecy: ISA 39:6; JER 13:19; 20:4; 25:2-11; 32:28
  • Fulfilled: 2KI 24:11-16; 25; 2CH 36; JER 52:28-30
  • Jews return from: EZR 2; 3; 8
  • As a judgment: EZR 5:12; 9:7; ISA 5:13; JER 29:17-19
  • FIGURATIVE: ISA 61:1; ROM 7:23

SABBATIC YEAR

  • A rest recurring every seventh year
  • Called YEAR OF RELEASE: DEU 15:9; 31:10
  • Ordinances: EXO 23:9-11; LEV 25
  • Punishment for violation: LEV 26:34,35 with 26:32-41; JER 34:12-22
  • Note: 2CH 36:21 explicitly connects the 70-year captivity to the sabbatic year violations -- "until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths." This provides the sabbatical-year framework for interpreting the 70 x 7 structure.

JUBILEE

  • Called THE ACCEPTABLE YEAR OF THE LORD: ISA 61:2
  • Called THE YEAR OF LIBERTY: EZK 46:17
  • LAWS CONCERNING: LEV 25:8-55; 27:17-24; NUM 36:4
  • Note: LEV 25:8 -- "seven sabbaths of years... seven times seven years = 49 years." The 70 weeks (490 years) = 10 jubilee cycles, providing the mathematical framework for the PRET "schematic periodization" argument.

PROPHECY

  • Inspired: ISA 28:22; 2TI 3:16; 2PE 1:21
  • Sure fulfillment: EZK 12:22-25; HAB 2:3; MAT 5:18; 24:35
  • CONCERNING THE MESSIAH: Extensive list of OT passages quoted in NT
  • PSA 2:1,2 with ACT 4:25,26
  • ISA 53:1 with JHN 12:38; ROM 10:16
  • JER 31:31-34 with HEB 8:8-12; 10:16,17
  • Captivity predicted and fulfilled: JER 25:11,12; 29:10,14; DAN 9:2 with 2KI 25:1-8; EZR 1
  • Note: Nave's confirms the literary dependence between Jeremiah's 70-year prophecy and Daniel's 70-week vision.

MESSIAH (cross-reference from ANOINTING)

  • Nave's figurative anointing entry lists DAN 9:24 under "Christ's kingly and priestly office"
  • PSA 2:2 ("against his anointed") is cited in ACT 4:25-26 as referring to Christ
  • ISA 61:1 ("the LORD hath anointed me") cited by Jesus in LUK 4:18

PROPHECY -- MESSIANIC PASSAGES

  • Key chain: PSA 2:1,2 -> ACT 4:25,26; ISA 53 -> multiple NT references; JER 31:31-34 -> HEB 8:8-12
  • DAN 9:24-27 classified under ATONEMENT, not directly under MESSIANIC PROPHECY in Nave's