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Question

What does Daniel 8 establish (E/N), and how do the three readings (HIST/PRET/FUT) compare?

Topics

HORN

  • Used to contain the anointing oil: 1SA 16:1; 1KI 1:39
  • Used for a trumpet (See TRUMPET)
  • FIGURATIVE
  • Of divine protection: 2SA 22:3
  • Of power: 1KI 22:11; PSA 89:24; 92:10; 132:17
  • SYMBOLICAL: DAN 7:7-24; 8:3-9,20; AMO 6:13; MIC 4:13; HAB 3:4; ZEC 1:18-21; REV 5:6; 12:3; 13:1,11; 17:3-16

Key observation: Horn is consistently a symbol of power in prophetic/apocalyptic literature. Daniel 7-8 and Revelation use horn symbolism extensively for political/religious powers.

SANCTUARY

  • (The Holy of Holies)
  • In the tabernacle: HEB 9:2
  • Divine dwelling place: EXO 25:8
  • Reverence for: LEV 19:30; 26:2
  • In the charge of high priest: EXO 27:21; LEV 24:3; NUM 18:5
  • The Holy Place in the temple: LAM 2:7,20; EZK 42:20
  • FIGURATIVE: EZK 11:16
  • Symbolical: HEB 8:2,5

Key observation: Nave's includes both earthly and heavenly/symbolical sanctuary. HEB 8:2,5 explicitly identifies a heavenly sanctuary. The question for Dan 8:14 is whether qodesh refers to the earthly Jerusalem temple or the heavenly.

JUDGMENT -- THE GENERAL

  • 1CH 16:33; JOB 14:17; 21:30; 31:13-15; PSA 9:7; 50:3-6; 96:13; 98:9; ECC 3:17; 11:9; 12:14
  • EZK 18:20-28; DAN 7:9,10; AMO 4:12
  • MAT 3:12; 7:22,23; 8:29; 10:15; 11:22; 12:36,37,41,42; 13:30,40-43,49,50; 16:27; 22:11-13; 23:14; 25:1-46
  • MRK 4:22; 8:38; 13:32; LUK 3:17; 10:10-14; 11:31,32; 12:2-5; 13:24-29; 19:12-26; 20:45-47
  • JHN 5:22; 12:48; ACT 2:19-21; 10:42; 17:31; 24:25; ROM 2:5-10,12-16; 14:10-12
  • 1CO 3:13; 4:5; 6:2; 2CO 5:10; 2TH 1:7,8; 2TI 4:1,8; HEB 6:2; 9:27; 10:27
  • 1PE 4:5,7; 2PE 2:4,9; 3:7,10-12; 1JN 4:17; Jude 1:6,14,15,24
  • REV 1:7; 6:15-17; 11:18; 20:11-15; 22:12

Key observation: DAN 7:9,10 is listed under general judgment. The judgment scene (thrones set, books opened, Ancient of Days) runs parallel to Dan 8:14 (sanctuary vindicated). Both are eschatological/universal judgment passages.

COUNTENANCE

  • Angry: PRO 25:23
  • Cheerful: JOB 29:24; PSA 4:6; 21:6; 44:3; PRO 15:13; 27:17
  • Fierce: DEU 28:50; DAN 8:23 -- THE ONLY TWO ENTRIES
  • Guilty: GEN 4:5; ISA 3:9
  • Health indicated in: PSA 42:11; 43:5
  • Sad: 1SA 1:18; NEH 2:2,3; ECC 7:3; EZK 27:35; DAN 1:15; 5:6
  • Transfigured: EXO 34:29-35; 2CO 3:7,13; LUK 9:29

Key observation: Under "Fierce" countenance, Nave's lists ONLY two verses: Deut 28:50 and Dan 8:23. This confirms the exclusive intertextual link between the covenant curse nation (Deut 28) and the Daniel 8 horn power. The az-paniym construct occurs nowhere else.

JUSTICE

  • EXO 23:1-3,6-8; LEV 19:13-15; DEU 16:18-20; 25:1-4; EZR 7:26
  • PSA 72:1,2; 82:2-4; PRO 17:15,26; 18:5,17; 20:8; 22:27; 24:23; 28:21; 29:26
  • ECC 3:16,17; 5:8; 7:7; ISA 1:17; 56:1; 59:14,15; JER 22:1-4
  • LAM 3:35,36; AMO 5:7,11,12; MIC 7:3; HAB 1:4; ZEC 8:16
  • MAT 5:23; 12:7; JHN 7:24,51; 1CO 13:6

Key observation: The forensic/legal sense of justice is prominent. DEU 25:1 ("they shall justify the righteous and condemn the wicked") uses the same tsadaq root as Dan 8:14. PRO 17:15 ("He that justifieth the wicked, and he that condemneth the just, even they both are abomination to the LORD") confirms the forensic declarative sense.

SACRILEGE

  • (Profaning holy things)
  • Forbidden: LEV 19:8; 1CO 3:17; TIT 1:11; 1PE 5:2
  • Instances: Nadab/Abihu (LEV 10:1-7); Uzzah (2SA 6:6,7); Uzziah (2CH 26:16-21); Korah (NUM 16:40); Beth-shemesh (1SA 6:19); Ahaz (2CH 28:24); Money-changers (MAT 21:12,13); Profaning Lord's Supper (1CO 11:29)

Key observation: Profaning holy things is the category of the horn's attack in Dan 8:11-13 -- against the sanctuary, the tamid, and the qodesh. The response in Dan 8:14 (nitsdaq qodesh) addresses this profanation with forensic vindication.

COVENANT

  • Sacred: JOS 9:18-21; GAL 3:15
  • Binding: JOS 9:18-20; JER 34:8-21; EZK 17:14-18
  • Blood of: EXO 24:8
  • OF GOD WITH MEN: Everlasting (GEN 8:20-22; 9:1-17; PSA 105:8,10; ISA 54:10; 61:8)
  • God faithful to: LEV 26:44,45; DEU 4:31; 7:8,9
  • Punishments for breaking of: LEV 26:25-46
  • To be confirmed: DAN 9:27
  • THE SECOND COVENANT: JER 31:31-34; HEB 8:4-13; 12:18-24; 13:20

Key observation: Deut 28 is covenant-curse language. The az-paniym nation of Deut 28:50 is a covenant judgment -- a nation sent by God as punishment for covenant-breaking. Dan 8:23's use of the same construct chain ties the horn power to covenant-curse execution.

PROPHECY

  • Inspired: ISA 28:22; LUK 1:70; 2TI 3:16; 2PE 1:21
  • Sure fulfillment of: EZK 12:22-25,28; HAB 2:3; MAT 5:18; 24:35; ACT 13:27,29
  • Of apostasy: 1JN 2:18; Jude 1:17,18
  • OLD TESTAMENT MESSIANIC PASSAGES QUOTED IN THE NT (extensive list including):
  • ISA 9:7 with DAN 7:14,27 with LUK 1:32,33
  • ISA 53:1-12 with multiple NT citations
  • DAN 7:14,27 linked to everlasting kingdom

Key observation: Daniel's prophecies are recognized in the NT as still-relevant. Jesus cites Daniel directly (Matt 24:15). The PROPHECY topic links Dan 7:14,27 to Isa 9:7 and Luk 1:32,33, confirming eschatological scope.

  • DEU 7:25; 27:15; LEV 18:22; PRO 6:16-19; 17:15
  • Connected to Dan 8:13 "transgression of desolation" (pesha shomem) and Dan 11:31; 12:11
  • ISA 34:6; ROM 12:1; HEB 13:15; PSA 116:17
  • Connected to tamid (daily sacrifice) system
  • MAT 13:24-50; 18:23-35; 25:1-30; JHN 18:36; ROM 14:17
  • Connected to Dan 7:14,27 everlasting kingdom and the scope question (does Dan 8 extend to the eschatological kingdom?)