Definition: a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask, cornet; by resemblance, an elephant's tooth (ivory), a corner (of the altar), a peak (of a mountain), a ray (of light); figuratively, power
Total occurrences: 85 (31 unique translations)
Primary translations: "the horns" (17x), "horns" (13x), "the horn" (9x), "horn" (6x)
Daniel 8 occurrences: 8:3 (3x), 8:5, 8:6 (2x), 8:7 (2x), 8:8, 8:9, 8:20 (2x), 8:21 — 13 total in Dan 8
Definition: a primitive root; properly, to twist, i.e. to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)
Total occurrences: 152 (115 unique translations)
Daniel occurrences: Dan 1:5; 8:4; 8:8; 8:9; 8:10; 8:11; 8:25 (2x); 11:36; 11:37
Definition: from H6810; properly, littleness; concretely, diminutive
Total occurrences: 1 (HAPAX LEGOMENON — appears ONLY in Dan 8:9)
Significance: Daniel deliberately chose this rare word instead of the common qatan (H6996, 101x in OT), emphasizing extreme insignificance of the horn's initial state.
Definition: a primitive root; to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense): cleanse, clear self, (be, do) just(-ice, -ify, -ify self), (be turn to) righteous(-ness)
Total occurrences: 54 (45 unique translations)
Daniel occurrences: Dan 8:14 (nitsdaq); Dan 12:3 (turn to righteousness)
Key Niphal occurrences (forensic sense):
Job 4:17 — "Shall mortal man be more just [tsadaq] than God?"
Job 9:2 — "how should man be just [tsadaq] with God?"
Job 9:15 — "If I were righteous [tsadaq]"
Job 9:20 — "If I justify myself [tsadaq]"
Job 13:18 — "I know that I shall be justified [tsadaq]"
Job 15:14 — "that he should be clean [H2135 zakar]"
Job 22:3 — "if thou be righteous [tsadaq]"
Job 25:4 — "how can man be justified [tsadaq] with God?"
Job 33:12 — "God is greater"
Job 33:32 — "I desire to justify thee [tsadaq]"
Job 34:5 — "I am righteous [tsadaq]"
Job 35:7 — "if thou be righteous [tsadaq]"
Job 40:8 — "condemn me, that thou mayest be righteous [tsadaq]?"
Psa 19:10 — "righteous"
Psa 51:6 — "thou mightest be justified [tsadaq]" — forensic/courtroom
Psa 143:2 — "shall no man living be justified [tsadaq]"
Isa 43:9 — "that they may be justified [tsadaq]"
Isa 43:26 — "that thou mayest be justified [tsadaq]"
Isa 45:25 — "shall be justified [tsadaq]"
Dan 8:14 — "be cleansed [nitsdaq]" — THE ONLY NIPHAL IN THE OT
NOTE: Dan 8:14 "be cleansed" is a KJV translation; the Hebrew is Niphal of tsadaq = forensic vindication/justification throughout the OT. The Old Greek LXX reads dikaiothesatai ("shall be justified"); Theodotion changed to katharisthesetai ("shall be cleansed").
Definition: from an unused root meaning to stretch; properly, continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially, constantly); elliptically the regular (daily) sacrifice
Total occurrences: 105 (12 unique translations)
Primary translations: "continually" (53x), "the continual" (17x), "continual" (9x), "the daily" (7x), "always" (6x)
Key Daniel occurrences: Dan 8:11, 8:12, 8:13, 11:31, 12:11 (2x)
Torah institution passages: Exo 29:38, 29:42; Num 28:3 (2x), 28:6, 28:10, 28:15, 28:23, 28:24, 28:31; Lev 6:6, 6:13, 24:2-4,8
In Pentateuchal institutional context, tamid always refers to the literal daily burnt offering (two lambs, morning and evening, Exo 29:38-42).