Raw Hebrew Parsing Data¶

Daniel 8:4 (Ram's gadal — Hiphil)¶

רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ יָ֨מָּה וְצָפֹ֜ונָה וָנֶ֗גְבָּה וְכָל־חַיֹּות֙ לֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּדֹ֑ו וְעָשָׂ֥ה כִרְצֹנֹ֖ו וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃

Key: וְהִגְדִּֽיל = gadal, Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms ("be strong/great")
- Ram pushes westward/northward/southward
- Directional terms: ים (sea/west), צפון (north), נגב (south)
- Final verb: Hiphil Perfect 3ms of gadal — causative "became great"

Daniel 8:8 (Goat's gadal — Hiphil + ad-me'od)¶

וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד...

Key: הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד = gadal Hiphil.Perf.3ms + ad-me'od ("exceedingly")
- Same Hiphil stem as 8:4 but modified with עד מאד
- Horn broken: נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ = Niphal.Perf.3fs of שׁבר (break)
- Four horns rise: תַּעֲלֶ֜נָה = Qal.Wayq.3fp of עלה (ascend)
- רוּחֹ֥ות = winds (feminine plural)

Daniel 8:9 (Horn's gadal — Qal + yether; critical verse)¶

וּמִן־הָאַחַ֣ת מֵהֶ֔ם יָצָ֥א קֶֽרֶן־אַחַ֖ת מִצְּעִירָ֑ה וַתִּגְדַּל־יֶ֛תֶר אֶל־הַנֶּ֥גֶב וְאֶל־הַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְאֶל־הַצֶּֽבִי׃

Key parsing:
- מֵהֶ֔ם = Prep.+3mp ("from them") — masculine plural suffix, both antecedents feminine
- יָצָ֥א = Qal.Perf.3ms of יצא ("go out") — masculine singular verb
- קֶֽרֶן = horn (feminine noun)
- מִצְּעִירָ֑ה = Noun.fs.Abs of צעירה (H4704, "littleness/youth") — HAPAX
- וַתִּגְדַּל = Qal.Wayq.3fs of גדל — NOTE: Qal (not Hiphil like 8:4, 8:8)
- יֶ֛תֶר = Noun.ms.Abs of יתר (H3499, "remainder/excess/surplus")
- Directional terms: נֶּ֥גֶב (south, ms), מִּזְרָ֖ח (sunrise/east, ms), צֶּֽבִי (beauty/glorious land, ms)
- All three directional terms are MASCULINE — constructio ad sensum
- Verb stem shift: Hiphil (8:4, 8:8) → Qal (8:9) — from causative to organic

Daniel 8:10 (wattigdal — casting down host)¶

וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל עַד־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתַּפֵּ֥ל אַ֛רְצָה מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכֹּוכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃

Key:
- וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל = Qal.Wayq.3fs of גדל (continues Qal from 8:9)
- צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם = "host of the heavens" (ms.Cst + mp.Abs)
- וַתַּפֵּ֥ל = Hiphil.Wayq.3fs of נפל ("cause to fall")
- כֹּוכָבִ֖ים = stars (mp)
- וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם = Qal.Wayq.3fs.+3mp of רמס ("trample them")

Daniel 8:11 (higgdil — magnifying against Prince)¶

וְעַ֥ד שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א הִגְדִּ֑יל וּמִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ הוּרַ֣ם הַתָּמִ֔יד וְהֻשְׁלַ֖ךְ מְכֹ֥ון מִקְדָּשֹֽׁו׃

Key:
- שַֽׂר הַצָּבָ֖א = "prince of the host" (Noun.ms.Cst + Art + Noun.ms.Abs)
- הִגְדִּ֑יל = Hiphil.Perf.3ms of גדל — BACK TO HIPHIL (causative magnification)
- הוּרַ֣ם = Hophal.Perf.3ms of רום ("was taken away" — passive)
- הַתָּמִ֔יד = "the continual" (Art + Noun.ms.Abs) — substantive use with article
- הֻשְׁלַ֖ךְ = Hophal.Perf.3ms of שׁלך ("was cast down" — passive)
- מְכֹ֥ון מִקְדָּשֹֽׁו = "site of his sanctuary" (ms.Cst + ms.Abs.+3ms)

Daniel 8:12 (pesha, emeth, tamid)¶

וְצָבָ֛א תִּנָּתֵ֥ן עַל־הַתָּמִ֖יד בְּפָ֑שַׁע וְתַשְׁלֵ֤ךְ אֱמֶת֙ אַ֔רְצָה וְעָשְׂתָ֖ה וְהִצְלִֽיחָה׃

Key:
- תִּנָּתֵ֥ן = Niphal.Impf.3fs of נתן ("was given")
- הַתָּמִ֖יד = "the continual" (again, substantive with article)
- בְּפָ֑שַׁע = "in rebellion/transgression" (Prep + Noun.ms.Abs of פשׁע, H6588)
- אֱמֶת֙ = "truth/trustworthiness" (Noun.fs.Abs, H571)
- וְעָשְׂתָ֖ה = Qal.Perf.3fs of עשׂה ("and it practiced")
- וְהִצְלִֽיחָה = Hiphil.Perf.3fs of צלח ("and prospered")

Daniel 8:13 (ha-tamid, ha-pesha', shomem — dual structure)¶

... עַד־מָתַ֞י הֶחָזֹ֤ון הַתָּמִיד֙ וְהַפֶּ֣שַׁע שֹׁמֵ֔ם תֵּ֛ת וְקֹ֥דֶשׁ וְצָבָ֖א מִרְמָֽס׃

Key DUAL STRUCTURE:
- הַתָּמִיד֙ = "THE continual" (Art + Noun.ms.Abs, H8548)
- וְ = "AND" (conjunction)
- הַפֶּ֣שַׁע = "THE transgression" (Art + Noun.ms.Abs, H6588)
- שֹׁמֵ֔ם = "desolating" (Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs of שׁמם, H8074)
- TWO definite-article nouns connected by conjunction: ha-tamid VE ha-pesha'
- Both function as substantives with the article
- שֹׁמֵ֔ם modifies the second: "the transgression of desolation"
- תֵּ֛ת = Qal.InfCon of נתן ("to give/make")
- קֹ֥דֶשׁ = "holiness/sanctuary" (ms.Abs)
- מִרְמָֽס = "trampled land/trampling" (ms.Abs)

Daniel 8:14 (erev-boqer, nitsdaq, qodesh)¶

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י עַ֚ד עֶ֣רֶב בֹּ֔קֶר אַלְפַּ֖יִם וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵאֹ֑ות וְנִצְדַּ֖ק קֹֽדֶשׁ׃

Key:
- עֶ֣רֶב = "evening" (Noun.ms.Abs, H6153)
- בֹּ֔קֶר = "morning" (Noun.ms.Abs, H1242)
- NO conjunction between erev and boqer — they form a compound unit
- אַלְפַּ֖יִם = "two thousand" (Noun.d.Abs — dual form)
- שְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵאֹ֑ות = "three hundred"
- וְנִצְדַּ֖ק = Niphal.Perf.3ms of צדק (H6663) — "shall be vindicated/justified"
  - ONLY Niphal of tsadaq in entire OT
  - Forensic/legal verb: NOT cleansing (taher) or atonement (kaphar)
- קֹֽדֶשׁ = "holiness/sanctuary" (ms.Abs, H6944)

Daniel 8:17 (eth qets)¶

...הָבֵ֣ן בֶּן־אָדָ֔ם כִּ֖י לְעֶת־קֵ֥ץ הֶחָזֹֽון׃

Key:
- הָבֵ֣ן = Hiphil.Impv.2ms of בין (H995) — "Understand!"
- בֶּן אָדָ֔ם = "son of man"
- לְעֶת קֵ֥ץ = "to/for the time of the end" (Prep + Noun.s.Cst + Noun.ms.Abs)
- עֶת = time (H6256)
- קֵ֥ץ = end (H7093)
- הֶחָזֹֽון = "the vision" (Art + chazon, H2377)

Daniel 8:19 (acharit ha-za'am)¶

... אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֖ה בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַזָּ֑עַם כִּ֖י לְמֹועֵ֥ד קֵֽץ׃

Key:
- אַחֲרִ֣ית = "end" (Noun.fs.Cst, H319) — "latter end"
- הַזָּ֑עַם = "the indignation/curse" (Art + Noun.ms.Abs of זעם, H2195)
- מֹועֵ֥ד = "appointment/appointed time" (Noun.ms.Cst, H4150)
- קֵֽץ = "end" (Noun.ms.Abs, H7093)
- "at the appointed time, the end" — eschatological timing

Daniel 8:23 (az paniym, chiydah, biyn)¶

וּֽבְאַחֲרִית֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ם כְּהָתֵ֖ם הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים יַעֲמֹ֛ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עַז־פָּנִ֖ים וּמֵבִ֥ין חִידֹֽות׃

Key:
- מַלְכוּתָ֔ם = "their kingdom" (Noun.fs.Abs.+3mp) — FEMININE noun + MASCULINE suffix (malkutam)
  - Validates constructio ad sensum: Gabriel himself uses masc suffix on fem noun
- כְּהָתֵ֖ם = "when they are complete" (Prep + Hiphil.InfCon of תמם — "be complete")
- הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים = "the rebels/transgressors" (Art + Qal.Ptcp.mp.Abs of פשׁע)
  - Same root as pesha (H6588) in 8:12,13
  - IDENTICAL participle form to Isa 53:12 פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים
- עַז פָּנִ֖ים = "fierce of face/countenance" (Adj.ms.Cst + Noun.mp.Abs)
  - H5794 (az) + H6440 (paniym) — construct chain
  - SAME phrase in Deut 28:50: גֹּ֖וי עַ֣ז פָּנִ֑ים
- וּמֵבִ֥ין = Hiphil.Ptcp.ms.Abs of בין (H995) — "understanding"
- חִידֹֽות = "riddles/dark sentences" (Noun.fp.Abs of חידה, H2420)

Daniel 8:24 (not by his own power)¶

וְעָצַ֤ם כֹּחֹו֙ וְלֹ֣א בְכֹחֹ֔ו וְנִפְלָאֹ֥ות יַשְׁחִ֖ית...

Key:
- וְעָצַ֤ם כֹּחֹו֙ = "and his power shall be mighty" (Qal.Perf.3ms of עצם + ms.Abs.+3ms of כח)
- וְלֹ֣א בְכֹחֹ֔ו = "but NOT by his own power" (Neg + Prep + ms.Abs.+3ms of כח)
- נִפְלָאֹ֥ות = "wonderfully" (Niphal.Ptcp.fp.Abs of פלא)
- יַשְׁחִ֖ית = Hiphil.Impf.3ms of שׁחת ("destroy")
- עֲצוּמִ֖ים = "mighty ones" (Adj.mp.Abs)
- עַם קְדֹשִֽׁים = "holy people" (Noun.ms.Cst + Adj.mp.Abs)

Daniel 8:25 (be'efes yad, bilbav, mirmah, sar sarim)¶

וְעַל־שִׂכְלֹ֗ו וְהִצְלִ֤יחַ מִרְמָה֙ בְּיָדֹ֔ו וּבִלְבָבֹ֣ו יַגְדִּ֔יל וּבְשַׁלְוָ֖ה יַשְׁחִ֣ית רַבִּ֑ים וְעַ֤ל־שַׂר־שָׂרִים֙ יַעֲמֹ֔ד וּבְאֶ֥פֶס יָ֖ד יִשָּׁבֵֽר׃

Key:
- שִׂכְלֹ֗ו = "his insight/policy" (ms.Abs.+3ms of שׂכל)
- מִרְמָה֙ = "deceit/craft" (Noun.fs.Abs, H4820)
- וּבִלְבָבֹ֣ו יַגְדִּ֔יל = "in his heart he shall magnify" — Hiphil.Impf.3ms of gadal
  - NOTE: Hiphil+bilbav = personal arrogance (vs Qal in 8:9 = territorial)
- שַׁלְוָ֖ה = "ease/peace" (Noun.fs.Abs)
- שַׂר שָׂרִים֙ = "Prince of princes" (Noun.ms.Cst + Noun.mp.Abs, H8269)
  - Hebrew superlative construction (cf. qodesh qodashim, "Holy of Holies")
- בְאֶ֥פֶס יָ֖ד = "without hand" (Prep + Noun.ms.Cst of אפס + Noun.s.Abs of יד)
  - Parallels Dan 2:34,45 Aramaic di-la bidayin ("without hands")
- יִשָּׁבֵֽר = Niphal.Impf.3ms of שׁבר ("shall be broken" — passive, divine action)

Daniel 8:26 (mar'eh vs chazon distinction)¶

וּמַרְאֵ֨ה הָעֶ֧רֶב וְהַבֹּ֛קֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶאֱמַ֖ר אֱמֶ֣ת ה֑וּא וְאַתָּה֙ סְתֹ֣ם הֶֽחָזֹ֔ון כִּ֖י לְיָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃

Key:
- מַרְאֵ֨ה = "sight/vision" (Noun.ms.Cst of מראה, H4758) — refers to 2300 evening-morning
- הָעֶ֧רֶב וְהַבֹּ֛קֶר = "THE evening AND THE morning" (with definite articles — back-reference to 8:14)
- אֱמֶ֣ת = "truth/trustworthiness" (Noun.fs.Abs) — declared TRUE
- סְתֹ֣ם = Qal.Impv.2ms of סתם ("shut up/seal")
- הֶֽחָזֹ֔ון = "THE vision" (Art + Noun.ms.Abs of חזון, H2377) — broader symbolic vision
- DISTINCTION: mar'eh (the 2300 time prophecy) = TRUE; chazon (broader vision) = SEALED

Daniel 8:27 (three collapse verbs + shamam connection)¶

וַאֲנִ֣י דָנִיֵּ֗אל נִהְיֵ֤יתִי וְנֶֽחֱלֵ֨יתִי֙ יָמִ֔ים... וָאֶשְׁתֹּומֵ֥ם עַל־הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין מֵבִֽין׃

Key three collapse verbs:
1. נִהְיֵ֤יתִי = Niphal.Perf.1s of היה ("I was undone/exhausted")
2. וְנֶֽחֱלֵ֨יתִי֙ = Niphal.Perf.1s of חלה ("I was sick/weak")
3. וָאֶשְׁתֹּומֵ֥ם = Hithpael.Wayq.1s of שׁמם (H8074, "I was appalled/desolated")
   - SAME ROOT as שֹׁמֵ֔ם (shomem) in 8:13 — sanctuary desolation
   - Daniel's personal desolation mirrors the sanctuary's desolation linguistically
- הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה = "the vision" (H4758 mar'eh — NOT chazon)
- מֵבִֽין = Hiphil.Ptcp.ms.Abs of בין (H995) — "understanding" (none understood)

Deuteronomy 28:50 (az paniym source text)¶

גֹּ֖וי עַ֣ז פָּנִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־יִשָּׂ֤א פָנִים֙ לְזָקֵ֔ן וְנַ֖עַר לֹ֥א יָחֹֽן׃

Key:
- גֹּ֖וי = "nation" (Noun.ms.Abs)
- עַ֣ז פָּנִ֑ים = "fierce of face" (Adj.ms.Cst + Noun.mp.Abs) — IDENTICAL to Dan 8:23
- Only two OT occurrences of this construct chain: Deut 28:50 and Dan 8:23

Daniel 9:24 (chathak, pesha, tsedeq, kaphar, qodesh)¶

שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שִׁבְעִ֜ים נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ עַֽל... לְכַלֵּ֨א הַפֶּ֜שַׁע וּלְהָתֵ֤ם חַטָּאת֙ וּלְכַפֵּ֣ר עָוֹ֔ן וּלְהָבִ֖יא צֶ֣דֶק עֹֽלָמִ֑ים...

Key:
- נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ = Niphal.Perf.3ms of חתך (H2852) — "are determined/cut off" — HAPAX
- הַפֶּ֜שַׁע = "THE transgression" (Art + H6588) — same word as Dan 8:12,13
- וּלְהָתֵ֤ם חַטָּאת֙ = "and to seal up sins" (Hiphil.InfCon of תמם + sin)
  - הָתֵם mirrors Dan 8:23 כְּהָתֵ֖ם — identical Hiphil InfCon form
- וּלְכַפֵּ֣ר = "and to atone" (Piel.InfCon of כפר, H3722) — Daniel KNEW kaphar
- צֶ֣דֶק עֹֽלָמִ֑ים = "everlasting righteousness" (ms.Cst of צדק + mp.Abs of עולם)
  - צדק root = same as Dan 8:14 נִצְדַּ֖ק
- קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִֽׁים = "Holy of Holies" (ms.Cst + mp.Abs) — superlative

Isaiah 53:11 (yatsdiq — Hiphil of tsadaq)¶

...בְּדַעְתֹּ֗ו יַצְדִּ֥יק צַדִּ֛יק עַבְדִּ֖י לָֽרַבִּ֑ים...

Key:
- יַצְדִּ֥יק = Hiphil.Impf.3ms of צדק (H6663) — "shall justify"
- צַדִּ֛יק = "righteous" (Adj.ms.Abs)
- לָֽרַבִּ֑ים = "the many" (Prep + Art + Adj.mp.Abs)
- Tsadaq chain: Isa 53:11 yatsdiq (Hiphil) → Dan 8:14 nitsdaq (Niphal) → Dan 12:3 matsdiqey (Hiphil Ptcp)

Isaiah 53:12 (posheim — identical to Dan 8:23)¶

...וְאֶת־פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים נִמְנָ֑ה... וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים יַפְגִּֽיעַ׃

Key:
- פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים = Qal.Ptcp.mp.Abs of פשׁע — "rebels/transgressors"
  - IDENTICAL form to Dan 8:23 הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים (with article)
  - This is the pasha triangle: Dan 8:23 happosheim = Isa 53:12 posheim

Daniel 7:25 (Aramaic — shanah/dat)¶

...וְיִסְבַּ֗ר לְהַשְׁנָיָה֙ זִמְנִ֣ין וְדָ֔ת...

Key Aramaic:
- יְמַלִּ֔ל = Pael.Impf.3ms of מלל ("speak") — "speak words against"
- יְבַלֵּ֑א = Pael.Impf.3ms of בלה ("wear out") — saints
- לְהַשְׁנָיָה֙ = Haph'el.InfCon of שׁנה ("to change") — times and law
- זִמְנִ֣ין = "times" (Noun.mp)
- דָ֔ת = "law" (Noun.fs)

Daniel 11:36 (gadal Hithpael)¶

...וְיִתְרֹומֵ֤ם וְיִתְגַּדֵּל֙ עַל־כָּל־אֵ֔ל...

Key:
- וְיִתְרֹומֵ֤ם = Hithpael.Impf.3ms of רום ("exalt himself")
- וְיִתְגַּדֵּל֙ = Hithpael.Impf.3ms of גדל ("magnify himself")
  - HITHPAEL = reflexive: self-magnification
  - Gadal stem progression across Daniel 8:
    - 8:4 Hiphil (causative: "made great")
    - 8:8 Hiphil + ad-me'od (causative: "made exceedingly great")
    - 8:9 Qal + yether (organic: "grew exceeding")
    - 8:11 Hiphil (causative magnification against Prince)
    - 8:25 Hiphil + bilbav ("magnify in heart" = personal arrogance)
    - 11:36 Hithpael ("magnify HIMSELF" = reflexive self-exaltation)
- אֵ֣ל אֵלִ֔ים = "God of gods" — superlative
- זַ֔עַם = "curse/indignation" (same word as Dan 8:19)

Daniel 12:3 (matsdiqey — tsadaq chain endpoint)¶

...וּמַצְדִּיקֵי֙ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים כַּכֹּוכָבִ֖ים לְעֹולָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃

Key:
- מַצְדִּיקֵי֙ = Hiphil.Ptcp.mp.Cst of צדק (H6663) — "those who justify/vindicate"
- הָֽרַבִּ֔ים = "the many" (Art + Adj.mp.Abs)
- Tsadaq chain complete: Isa 53:11 yatsdiq → Dan 8:14 nitsdaq → Dan 12:3 matsdiqey
- כַּכֹּוכָבִ֖ים = "like the stars" — connects to Dan 8:10 (stars cast down)

Daniel 2:21 (Aramaic — shanah comparison)¶

...מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א עִדָּנַיָּא֙ וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א...

Key Aramaic:
- מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א = Haph'el.Ptcp.ms of שׁנה ("changing") — GOD changes times
- Compare Dan 7:25: little horn "thinks to change" — usurps divine prerogative

Psalm 119:142 (tsedeq + emeth bridge)¶

צִדְקָתְךָ֣ צֶ֣דֶק לְעֹולָ֑ם וְֽתֹורָתְךָ֥ אֱמֶֽת׃

Key:
- צִדְקָתְךָ֣ = "your righteousness" (Noun.fs.Abs.+2ms of צדקה)
- צֶ֣דֶק = "justice/righteousness" (Noun.ms.Abs of צדק)
- לְעֹולָ֑ם = "forever" — parallels Dan 9:24 tsedeq olamim
- תֹורָתְךָ֥ = "your law/instruction" (Noun.fs.Abs.+2ms of תורה)
- אֱמֶֽת = "truth" (Noun.fs.Abs) — same word as Dan 8:12 emeth cast to ground
- BOTH Dan 8 key terms in one verse: tsedeq (→ nitsdaq) + emeth (→ cast down)

Daniel 8:22 (malkutam — gender parallel)¶

Note: Dan 8:22 "four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power"
Dan 8:23 מַלְכוּתָ֔ם = malkutam — feminine noun (malkut) + masculine plural suffix (-am)
This validates the mehem construction in 8:9: Gabriel himself uses masculine suffix on feminine noun