Topics Research¶

Question¶

How does historicism read Daniel 8, and what is the textual and grammatical basis for identifying the little horn as Rome?

Used to contain anointing oil: 1SA 16:1; 1KI 1:39
Used for a trumpet
FIGURATIVE: Of divine protection 2SA 22:3; Of power 1KI 22:11; PSA 89:24; 92:10; 132:17
SYMBOLICAL: DAN 7:7-24; 8:3-9,20; AMO 6:13; MIC 4:13; HAB 3:4; ZEC 1:18-21; REV 5:6; 12:3; 13:1,11; 17:3-16
NOTE: Nave's groups DAN 7 and DAN 8 horn symbolism together; also groups DAN 8 with REV 12-13 and REV 17 horn imagery, confirming prophetic horn symbolism as a connected system.

DAN 7:9,10 — central judgment scene (thrones, Ancient of Days, books opened)
Also: 1CH 16:33; PSA 9:7; 50:3-6; 96:13; 98:9; ECC 3:17; 12:14
NT: MAT 25:1-46; ROM 2:5-10,12; 1CO 3:13; 2CO 5:10; 2TI 4:1,8; HEB 6:2; 9:27; REV 1:7; 11:18; 20:11-15; 22:12
ACCORDING TO OPPORTUNITY AND WORKS: GEN 4:7; ROM 2:5-12; REV 2:23; 20:12,13
Connection: Dan 7:9-10 = judicial PROCESS; Dan 8:14 nitsdaq = VERDICT

The Mosaic law called a covenant: EXO 34:28
OF GOD WITH MEN: Confirmed with oath (GEN 22:16; PSA 89:35; HEB 6:13,17,18); Binding (LEV 26; JER 11:2,3; GAL 3:15); Everlasting (GEN 8:20-22; PSA 105:8,10)
Broken by the Jews: JER 22:9; EZK 16:59; HEB 8:9
Punishments for breaking: LEV 26:25-46
THE SECOND COVENANT: JER 31:31-34; HEB 8:4-13
CURSES OF THE MOSAIC LAW: DEU 27:1-26; JOS 8:30-34
Key for Dan 8:23: az paniym from DEU 28:50 links horn to Mosaic covenant-curse framework; Dan 9:11 explicitly cites "the curse written in the law of Moses"

A creative period: GEN 1:5,8,13,19,23,31; 2:2
Prophetic: 2PE 3:8; DAN 8:14; 9:24-27; 12:11,12; REV 11:3; 9:15; 12:6
Day of the Lord: ISA 2:12; JER 46:10; AMO 5:18; JOL 2:1; MAL 4:5; 1CO 5:5; 2PE 3:10
Key: Nave's explicitly classifies DAN 8:14 under "Prophetic" days, not literal days

Beginning: GEN 1:1
History: GEN 1; 2
Key: Evening-morning formula (GEN 1:5,8,13,19,23,31) is the creation pattern echoed in Dan 8:14 erev-boqer

Idolatry: DEU 7:25; 27:15; 32:16
Unjust weights: DEU 25:13-16; PRO 11:1
Uncleanness: LEV 18:22; 20:13; DEU 24:4
Offering children in sacrifice: DEU 18:10
PRO 17:15 — "He that justifieth the wicked, and he that condemneth the just, even they both are ABOMINATION to the LORD"
Connection to Dan 8:13 "abomination of desolation" (shomem) and Mat 24:15

CURSES OF THE MOSAIC LAW: DEU 27:1-26; JOS 8:30-34
Dan 8:23 az paniym → Deut 28:50 az paniym: the horn IS the covenant-curse agent
Dan 9:11 "the curse written in the law of Moses" explicitly connects Daniel's prayer to the Deuteronomy curses

Prophecies: DAN 4:8,9; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; MAT 24:15
Wisdom: DAN 1:17; EZK 28:3
Devoutness: DAN 2:18; 6; 9; 10; 12; EZK 14:14
Ranked with Noah and Job (EZK 14:14) — a man of this stature does not collapse over trivial matters (Dan 8:27)

Mode of revelation: NUM 12:6; 1SA 3:1; DAN 1:17
Daniel's visions: four beasts DAN 7; Ancient of Days DAN 7:9-27; ram and he-goat DAN 8; the angel DAN 10
John's visions: The Book of Revelation (extensive)
Key distinction: chazon (H2377, broader symbolic vision) vs mar'eh (H4758, specific sight/time prophecy)

Figurative: ISA 34:6; ROM 12:1
Of praise: PSA 116:17; HEB 13:15
Key: ha-tamid (H8548) in Daniel = "the continual" — used as substantive noun, not adjective modifying "sacrifice" (which KJV adds in italics)

ROME: Referenced in Nave's under various NT entries (ACT 18:2; ROM 1:7,15-18)
PROPHECY: DAN 2; 4; 5; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12 listed as prophecies; MAT 24:15; ISA 53 passages
WRATH: Cross-referenced to ANGER, GOD ANGER OF, JUDGMENT, PUNISHMENT — connects to Dan 8:19 "the indignation" (za'am)