Raw Hebrew/Aramaic Parsing Data
Daniel 7:2 — "Great Sea" (Directive A)
עָנֵה דָנִיֵּאל וְאָמַר חָזֵה הֲוֵית בְּחֶזְוִי עִם־לֵילְיָא וַאֲרוּ אַרְבַּע רוּחֵי שְׁמַיָּא מְגִיחָן לְיַמָּא רַבָּא
Key terms:
- יַמָּא (yamma) = sea [Noun.ms] from ים
- רַבָּא (rabba) = great [Adj.ms] from רב
- מְגִיחָן (megichan) = stir up [Verb.haf.Ptcp.fp] from גוח
- רוּחֵי (ruche) = winds [Noun.fp.Cst] from רוח
- שְׁמַיָּא (shmayya) = heaven [Noun.mp] from שׁמין
Daniel 7:3 — "diverse one from another" (shanyan)
וְאַרְבַּע חֵיוָן רַבְרְבָן סָלְקָן מִן־יַמָּא שָׁנְיָן דָּא מִן־דָּא
Key terms:
- שָׁנְיָן (shanyan) = be different [Verb.peal.Ptcp.fp.Abs] from שׁנה
Pe'al participle = intransitive "being different"
- חֵיוָן (cheyvan) = animals [Noun.fp.Abs] from חיוה
- רַבְרְבָן (rabrevan) = great [Adj.fp.Abs] from רב
- סָלְקָן (saleqan) = go up [Verb.peal.Ptcp.fp.Abs] from סלק
Daniel 7:7 — Fourth beast
Key terms:
- רביעיה (revi'ayah) = fourth [Adj.fs.Abs] from רביעי
- דְּחִילָה (dechilah) = fear/dreadful [Verb.peal.Ptcp.fs.Abs] from דחל
- אֵימְתָנִי (eimtani) = terrible [Adj.ms.Abs]
- תַקִּיפָא (taqqipha) = strong [Adj.fs.Abs] from תקיף
- יַתִּירָא (yattira) = excessive/exceedingly [Adj.fs.Abs] from יתיר
- שִׁנַּיִן דִּי־פַרְזֶל (shinnayin di-pharzel) = teeth of iron
- מְשַׁנְּיָה (meshanneya) = be different [Verb.PAEL.Ptcp.fs.Abs] from שׁנה
NOTE: Pa'el (intensive) participle — stronger than Pe'al in 7:3
- קַרְנַיִן עֲשַׂר (qarnayyin 'asar) = ten horns [Noun.fd.Abs + Noun.s.Abs]
Daniel 7:8 — Little horn, three uprooted
Key terms:
- קֶרֶן אָחֳרִי זְעֵירָה (qeren achori ze'irah) = horn another small [Noun.fs.Abs + Adj.fs.Abs + Adj.fs.Abs]
- סִלְקָת (silqat) = go up [Verb.peal.Perf.3fs] from סלק
- קַרְנַיָּא קַדְמָיָתָא (qarnayya qadmayata) = the former horns [Noun.fd + Adj.fp]
H6933 qadmay = "first/former" — same root as qadmayeta in 7:4
- אתעקרו (et'aqaru) = pluck out [Verb.ETPE'EL.Perf.3fp] from עקר (H6132)
Hithpe'el = reflexive/passive "were rooted up"
- עַיְנִין כְּעַיְנֵי אֲנָשָׁא (aynin ke-ayney anasha) = eyes like the eyes of mankind
- פֻם מְמַלִּל רַבְרְבָן (pum memallil rabrevan) = mouth speaking great [things]
מְמַלִּל = Pa'el Ptcp ms from מלל = "speaking"
רַבְרְבָן = Adj fp from רב = "great" (reduplicated form = H7260)
Daniel 7:9 — Judgment scene
Key terms:
- כָרְסָוָן רְמִיו (karsavan remivu) = thrones thrown/placed [Noun.mp.Abs + Verb.peil.Perf.3mp]
NOTE: רְמִיו from רמה "throw" — thrones were "cast/placed"
- עַתִּיק יוֹמִין (Attiq Yomin) = Ancient of Days [Adj.ms.Cst + Noun.mp.Abs]
- יְתִב (yetiv) = sit [Verb.peal.Perf.3ms] from יתב
- לְבוּשֵׁהּ כִּתְלַג חִוָּר (levusheh ki-telag chivvar) = garment like snow white
- שְׂעַר רֵאשֵׁהּ כַּעֲמַר נְקֵא (se'ar resheh ka-'amar neqe) = hair of his head like pure wool
- כָּרְסְיֵהּ שְׁבִיבִין דִּי־נוּר (karseyeh shvivin di-nur) = his throne flames of fire
- גַּלְגִּלֹּוהִי נוּר דָּלִק (galgillohiy nur daliq) = his wheels burning fire
Daniel 7:11 — Beast slain (Directive D)
Key terms:
- קְטִילַת חֵיוְתָא (qetilat cheyveta) = slain was the beast [Verb.PEIL.Perf.3fs]
Peil = passive "was killed"
- הוּבַד גִּשְׁמַהּ (huvad gishmah) = perished/destroyed her body [Verb.Hophal.Perf.3ms + Noun.ms.Abs+3fs]
Hophal = causative passive "was caused to perish"
- יהִיבַת לִיקֵדַת אֶשָּׁא (yehivat li-yeqedat esha) = given to firebrand of fire
Daniel 7:12 — Rest of the beasts (Directive B)
Key terms:
- שְׁאָר חֵיוָתָא (she'ar cheyvata) = rest of the beasts [Noun.ms.Cst + Noun.fp]
- הֶעְדִּיו שָׁלְטָנְהוֹן (he'ddivu sholtanhon) = taken away their dominion [Verb.haf.Perf.3mp + Noun.ms.Abs+3mp]
- אַרְכָה בְחַיִּין (arkhah be-chayyim) = prolonging in life [Noun.fs.Abs + Prep + Noun.mp.Abs]
- יְהִיבַת לְהוֹן (yehivat lehon) = given to them [Verb.peil.Perf.3fs + Prep+3mp]
- עַד זְמַן וְעִדָּן ('ad zeman ve-'iddan) = until a season and a time [Prep + Noun.ms.Abs + Conj + Noun.ms.Abs]
Daniel 7:13 — Son of Man
Key terms:
- עִם עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא ('im 'ananey shmayya) = with clouds of heaven
עִם = Prep "with" (NOT "upon" — the motion is described separately)
עֲנָנֵי = clouds [Noun.mp.Cst] from ענן (H6050)
- כְּבַר אֱנָשׁ (ke-var enash) = like son of mankind [Prep + Noun.ms.Cst + Noun.ms.Abs]
- אָתֵה הֲוָה (ateh havah) = coming was [Verb.peal.Ptcp.ms.Abs + Verb.peal.Perf.3ms]
Periphrastic construction = was coming (ongoing action)
- וְעַד עַתִּיק יוֹמַיָּא מְטָה (ve-'ad Attiq Yomayya metah) = and TO the Ancient of Days he came
עַד = directional "to/toward" (H5705, sense 1a: space)
מְטָה = came/arrived [Verb.peal.Perf.3ms] from מטא
- וּקְדָמוֹהִי הַקְרְבוּהִי (u-qedamohiy haqrevuhiy) = and before him they brought him near
הַקְרְבוּהִי = [Verb.haf.Perf.3mp+3ms] from קרב = "they caused him to approach"
Daniel 7:14 — Everlasting dominion
Key terms:
- שָׁלְטָן (sholtan) = dominion [Noun.ms.Abs] from שׁלטן (H7985)
- יְקָר (yeqar) = dignity/glory [Noun.ms.Abs]
- מַלְכוּ (malku) = kingdom [Noun.fs.Abs] from מלכו (H4437)
- כֹּל עַמְמַיָּא אֻמַיָּא וְלִשָּׁנַיָּא = all peoples, nations, and tongues
- לֵהּ יִפְלְחוּן (leh yiflchun) = him they shall serve [Verb.peal.Impf.3mp]
- שָׁלְטָנֵהּ שָׁלְטָן עָלַם (sholtaneh sholtan 'alam) = his dominion [is] an everlasting dominion
עָלַם = eternity/perpetuity (H5957)
- דִּי־לָא יֶעְדֵּה (di-la ye'ddeh) = which shall not pass away [Verb.peal.Impf.3ms from עדה]
- מַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּי־לָא תִתְחַבַּל (malkuteh di-la titchabbal) = his kingdom which shall not be destroyed
תִתְחַבַּל = Hithpa'el Impf 3fs from חבל "be harmful/destroyed"
Daniel 7:20 — Look more stout than his fellows (Directive C)
Key terms:
- חֶזְוַהּ רַב מִן חַבְרָתַהּ (chezwah rav min chavratah) = its appearance greater than its companions
חֶזְוַהּ = vision/appearance [Noun.ms.Abs+3fs]
רַב = great [Adj.ms.Abs]
חַבְרָתַהּ = its colleagues/companions [Noun.fp.Abs+3fs] from חברה
NOTE: "greater than its fellows" = the little horn's appearance exceeds the other horns
Daniel 7:21-22 — War with saints until judgment
7:21: קַרְנָא דִכֵּן עָבְדָה קְרָב עִם קַדִּישִׁין וְיָכְלָה לְהוֹן
- עָבְדָה קְרָב (avdah qerav) = making war [Verb.peal.Ptcp.fs + Noun.ms.Abs]
- קַדִּישִׁין (qaddishin) = holy ones/saints [Adj.mp.Abs]
- יָכְלָה לְהוֹן (yokhlah lehon) = prevailing against them [Verb.peal.Ptcp.fs + Prep+3mp]
7:22: עַד דִּי אֲתָה עַתִּיק יוֹמַיָּא
- עַד דִּי ('ad di) = until [temporal conjunction]
- דִינָא יְהִב לְקַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין = judgment given to saints of Most High
יְהִב = Peil Perf 3ms (passive) "was given"
- מַלְכוּתָא הֶחֱסִנוּ קַדִּישִׁין = the kingdom the saints possessed
הֶחֱסִנוּ = Haph'el Perf 3mp from חסן "possess"
Daniel 7:23 — Fourth kingdom devours whole earth
Key terms:
- מַלְכוּ רְבִיעָאָה תֶּהֱוֵא בְאַרְעָא = a fourth kingdom shall be in the earth
- תִשְׁנֵא מִן כָּל מַלְכְוָתָא (tishne min kol malkhvata) = shall be different from all kingdoms
תִשְׁנֵא = Pe'al Impf 2ms/3fs from שׁנה — "be different" (intransitive)
- וְתֵאכֻל כָּל אַרְעָא (ve-te'khul kol ar'a) = and shall devour the whole earth
- וּתְדוּשִׁנַּהּ (u-tedushinnah) = and shall tread it down [from דושׁ]
- וְתַדְּקִנַּהּ (ve-taddeqinnah) = and shall crush it [Haph'el from דקק]
Daniel 7:24 — Ten kings arise, another subdues three
Key terms:
- עַשְׂרָה מַלְכִין יְקֻמוּן (asrah malkhin yequmun) = ten kings shall arise
יְקֻמוּן = Pe'al Impf 3mp from קום (H6966) — "shall stand/arise"
- אָחֳרָן יְקוּם אַחֲרֵיהוֹן (achoran yequm acharehon) = another shall arise after them
אַחֲרֵיהוֹן = "after them" [Noun.mp.Abs+3mp from אחר]
- יִשְׁנֵא מִן קַדְמָיֵא (yishne min qadmaye) = shall be different from the first/former
יִשְׁנֵא = Pe'al Impf 3ms from שׁנה — "be different"
קַדְמָיֵא = the first/former ones [Adj.mp from קדמי H6933]
- תְלָתָה מַלְכִין יְהַשְׁפִּל (telata malkhin yehashpil) = three kings he shall subdue
יְהַשְׁפִּל = Haph'el Impf 3ms from שׁפל (H8214) — "bring low, humble"
Daniel 7:25 — Speak against Most High, wear out saints, change times and law
Full text: וּמִלִּין לְצַד עִלָּאָה יְמַלִּל וּלְקַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין יְבַלֵּא וְיִסְבַּר לְהַשְׁנָיָה זִמְנִין וְדָת וְיִתְיַהֲבוּן בִּידֵהּ עַד עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן
Key terms:
- מִלִּין לְצַד עִלָּאָה יְמַלִּל = words against the Most High he shall speak
לְצַד = "to the side of" = "against" [Prep + Noun.ms.Cst]
עִלָּאָה = highest [Adj.ms from עלי]
יְמַלִּל = Pa'el Impf 3ms from מלל — "shall speak"
- יְבַלֵּא (yeballe) = shall wear out [Verb.PAEL.Impf.3ms from בלה H1080]
Pa'el (intensive) + Imperfect (ongoing) = sustained intensive action
- יִסְבַּר (yisbar) = shall think/intend [Verb.peal.Impf.3ms from סבר H5452]
- לְהַשְׁנָיָה (lehashnayah) = to change [Verb.HAPHEL.InfCon from שׁנה H8133]
Haph'el = causative — same stem as Dan 2:21 (God changes times)
- זִמְנִין (zimnin) = times/appointed times [Noun.mp.Abs from זמן]
- וְדָת (ve-dat) = and law [Conj + Noun.fs.ABS from דת H1882]
ABSOLUTE form — BDB: "law of God" when absolute in Daniel
- עַד עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן = until a time and times and half a time
עִדָּן (H5732) = time/year; BDB confirms = 3½ years in this formula
Daniel 7:26-27 — Judgment sits, kingdom given to saints
7:26:
- דִינָא יִתִּב (dina yittiv) = judgment shall sit [Noun.ms + Verb.peal.Impf.3ms from יתב]
- שָׁלְטָנֵהּ יְהַעְדּוֹן (sholtaneh yeha'ddon) = his dominion they shall take away [Haf. Impf 3mp from עדה]
- לְהַשְׁמָדָה (lehashmadah) = to exterminate [Haph'el Inf from שׁמד]
- וּלְהוֹבָדָה (u-lehovadah) = and to destroy [Haph'el Inf from אבד]
- עַד סוֹפָא ('ad sopha) = unto the end
7:27:
- מַלְכוּתָה וְשָׁלְטָנָא וּרְבוּתָא = the kingdom, and dominion, and the greatness
- דִּי מַלְכְוָת תְּחוֹת כָּל שְׁמַיָּא = of the kingdoms under the whole heaven
- יְהִיבַת לְעַם קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין = given to the people of the saints of the Most High
- מַלְכוּתֵהּ מַלְכוּת עָלַם = his kingdom [is] an everlasting kingdom
Three-fold everlasting statement: 7:14 (his dominion), 7:18 (for ever and ever), 7:27 (everlasting kingdom)
Daniel 2:21 — God changes times and seasons (parallel to 7:25)
Key terms:
- מְהַשְׁנֵא עִדָּנַיָּא וְזִמְנַיָּא (meHashne 'iddanayya ve-zimnayya) = changing times and seasons
מְהַשְׁנֵא = HAPHEL Ptcp ms from שׁנה — SAME STEM as Dan 7:25 lehashnayah
עִדָּנַיָּא = times [Noun.mp from עדן] — SAME ROOT as Dan 7:25 'iddan
זִמְנַיָּא = seasons/times [Noun.mp from זמן] — SAME ROOT as Dan 7:25 zimnin
- CRITICAL PARALLEL: In Dan 2:21 GOD changes times/seasons (divine prerogative)
In Dan 7:25 the HORN "thinks to change" times/law (usurping divine prerogative)
Both use Haphel of שׁנה + עדן/זמן vocabulary
Daniel 8:9 — Little horn grows exceeding great
Key terms:
- קֶרֶן אַחַת מִצְּעִירָה (qeren achat mits'eirah) = one horn from smallness
NOTE: Different from Dan 7:8 אָחֳרִי זְעֵירָה (another, small)
- וַתִּגְדַּל יֶתֶר (wattigdal yether) = and it grew exceedingly
תִּגְדַּל = Qal Wayq 3fs from גדל — "was strong/grew"
יֶתֶר = remainder/excess [Noun.ms.Abs from יתר] — adverbial "exceedingly"
NOTE: Growth formula gadal (8:4) -> gadal me'od (8:8) -> gadal yether (8:9) = escalating scale
Key terms:
- הָאַיִל (ha-ayil) = the ram [Art + Noun.ms.Abs]
- בַּעַל הַקְּרָנָיִם (ba'al ha-qeranayim) = lord of the two horns
- מַלְכֵי מָדַי וּפָרָס (malkhey Maday u-Pharas) = kings of Media and Persia
NOTE: ONE ram with TWO horns = ONE kingdom (Media + Persia combined)
This is E-tier evidence eliminating Schema A (separate Media and Persia)
Daniel 4:16 (Directive G — 'iddan literal years)
NOTE: Dan 4:16 in Hebrew parser = Dan 4:19 in English KJV numbering
The verse parsed does not contain the "seven times" formula.
The relevant verse is Dan 4:13 (Aramaic) = 4:16 (English):
"Let his heart be changed from man's, and let a beast's heart be given unto him; and let seven times pass over him."
- שִׁבְעָה עִדָּנִין (shiv'ah 'iddanin) = seven times/years
עִדָּנִין = plural of עדן (H5732) = times/years
BDB explicitly: "definite time = year" in Dan 4:13,20,22,29
This establishes that 'iddan = literal year in Dan 4