Raw Hebrew/Aramaic Parsing Output¶
Daniel 2:34¶
חָזֵ֣ה הֲוַ֗יְתָ עַ֠ד דִּ֣י הִתְגְּזֶ֤רֶת אֶ֨בֶן֙ דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֔יִן וּמְחָ֤ת לְצַלְמָא֙ עַל־רַגְלֹ֔והִי דִּ֥י פַרְזְלָ֖א וְחַסְפָּ֑א וְהַדֵּ֖קֶת הִמֹּֽון׃
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| חָזֵ֣ה | חזה | Verb.peal.Ptcp.ms.Abs | see |
| הֲוַ֗יְתָ | הוה | Verb.peal.Perf.2ms | be |
| עַ֠ד | עד | Prep | until |
| דִּ֣י | די | Prep | (relative) |
| הִתְגְּזֶ֤רֶת | גזר | Verb.htpe.Perf.3fs | cut |
| אֶ֨בֶן֙ | אבן | Noun.fs.Abs | stone |
| דִּי | די | Prep | (relative) |
| לָ֣א | לא | Neg | not |
| בִידַ֔יִן | יד | Noun.fd.Abs | hand |
| וּמְחָ֤ת | מחא | Verb.peal.Perf.3fs | hit |
| לְצַלְמָא֙ | צלם | Noun.ms | statue |
| עַל־רַגְלֹ֔והִי | רגל | Noun.fd.Abs.+3ms | foot |
| דִּ֥י | די | Prep | (relative) |
| פַרְזְלָ֖א | פרזל | Noun.ms | iron |
| וְחַסְפָּ֑א | חסף | Noun.ms | clay |
| וְהַדֵּ֖קֶת | דקק | Verb.haf.Perf.3fs | crush |
| הִמֹּֽון | המון | PersPron.3mp | they |
Key observations: Stone (אבן) is fem.sg.; the cutting (הִתְגְּזֶרֶת, hitpeel 3fs) is passive = "was cut"; the striking (מחת, peal 3fs) is active with the stone as subject; crushing (הדקת, haphel 3fs) = causative crushing. Stone strikes "upon his feet" (על־רגלוהי) — specifically the iron-and-clay feet.
Daniel 2:35¶
בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּ֣קוּ כַחֲדָ֡ה פַּרְזְלָא֩ חַסְפָּ֨א נְחָשָׁ֜א כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֗א
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| בֵּאדַ֣יִן | אדין | Adv | then |
| דָּ֣קוּ | דוק | Verb.peal.Perf.3mp | pulverise |
| כַחֲדָ֡ה | חד | Noun.fs.Abs | one (ka-chadah = "as one, altogether") |
| פַּרְזְלָא֩ | פרזל | Noun.ms | iron |
| חַסְפָּ֨א | חסף | Noun.ms | clay |
| נְחָשָׁ֜א | נחשׁ | Noun.ms | copper/bronze |
| כַּסְפָּ֣א | כסף | Noun.ms | silver |
| וְדַהֲבָ֗א | דהב | Noun.ms | gold |
| וַהֲוֹו֙ | הוה | Verb.peal.Perf.3mp | be |
| כְּע֣וּר | עור | Noun.ms.Abs | chaff |
| מִן־אִדְּרֵי | אדר | Noun.mp.Cst | threshing-floor |
| קַ֔יִט | קיט | Noun.ms.Abs | summer |
| וּנְשָׂ֤א | נשׂא | Verb.peal.Perf.3ms | take |
| הִמֹּון֙ | המון | PersPron.3mp | they |
| רוּחָ֔א | רוח | Noun.fs | wind |
| וְכָל־אֲתַ֖ר | אתר | Noun.ms.Abs | place |
| לָא־הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח | שׁכח | Verb.htpe.Perf.3ms | find |
| לְהֹ֑ון | ל+3mp | Prep | to them |
| וְאַבְנָ֣א | אבן | Noun.fs | stone |
| הֲוָ֛ת | הוה | Verb.peal.Perf.3fs | be |
| לְט֥וּר | טור | Noun.ms.Abs | mountain |
| רַ֖ב | רב | Adj.ms.Abs | great |
| וּמְלָ֥ת | מלא | Verb.peal.Perf.3fs | fill |
| כָּל־אַרְעָֽא | ארע | Noun.fs | earth |
Key observations: כַחֲדָה (ka-chadah) = "as one, altogether" — all five metals pulverized simultaneously. The subject of דקו (peal perf 3mp) is plural = the metals themselves were pulverized together. The sequence is iron, clay, bronze, silver, gold — reverse order from top to bottom. אתר (athar) = "place" — "no place was found for them." Stone becomes a great mountain filling "all the earth" (כל ארעא).
Daniel 2:38¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּבְכָל־דִּ֣י | כל+די | Noun.ms.Cst+Prep | whole + (relative) |
| דארין | דור | Verb.peal.Ptcp.mp.Abs | dwell |
| בְּֽנֵי־אֲ֠נָשָׁא | בר+אנשׁ | Noun.mp.Cst+Noun.ms | son + mankind |
| חֵיוַ֨ת | חיוה | Noun.fs.Cst | animal |
| בָּרָ֤א | בר | Noun.ms | field |
| וְעֹוף | עוף | Noun.ms.Cst | bird |
| שְׁמַיָּא֙ | שׁמין | Noun.mp | heaven |
| יְהַ֣ב | יהב | Verb.peal.Perf.3ms | give |
| בִּידָ֔ךְ | יד+2ms | Noun.fs.Abs | hand |
| וְהַשְׁלְטָ֖ךְ | שׁלט | Verb.haf.Perf.3ms.+2ms | rule |
| בְּכָלְּהֹ֑ון | כל+3mp | Noun.ms.Abs | whole (of them all) |
| אנתה | אנתה | PersPron.2ms | you |
| ה֔וּא | הוא | PersPron.3ms | he |
| רֵאשָׁ֖ה | ראשׁ | Noun.ms | head |
| דִּ֥י | די | Prep | (relative) |
| דַהֲבָֽא | דהב | Noun.ms | gold |
Key observations: "Wherever the children of men dwell" + "beasts of the field and birds of heaven" = comprehensive scope language. "He made you ruler over them all" (hashletakh b'kolhon). This is kol-ar'a language — Nebuchadnezzar is addressed as ruler "over all." Yet historically Babylon did not rule literally the entire earth.
Daniel 2:39¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּבָתְרָ֗ךְ | באתר+2ms | Noun.ms.Abs | after (you) |
| תְּק֛וּם | קום | Verb.peal.Impf.3fs | stand |
| מַלְכ֥וּ | מלכו | Noun.fs.Abs | kingdom |
| אָחֳרִ֖י | אחרי | Adj.fs.Abs | another |
| אֲרַ֣עא | ארע | Noun.fs.Abs | earth (Ketiv: "lower/inferior") |
| מִנָּ֑ךְ | מן+2ms | Prep | from/than you |
| וּמַלְכ֨וּ | מלכו | Noun.fs.Abs | kingdom |
| תליתיא | תליתי | Adj.fs.Abs | third |
| אָחֳרִי֙ | אחרי | Adj.fs.Abs | another |
| דִּ֣י | די | Prep | (relative) |
| נְחָשָׁ֔א | נחשׁ | Noun.ms | copper/bronze |
| דִּ֥י | די | Prep | (relative) |
| תִשְׁלַ֖ט | שׁלט | Verb.peal.Impf.3fs | rule |
| בְּכָל־אַרְעָֽא | כל+ארע | Noun.ms.Cst+Noun.fs | whole + earth |
Key observations: וּבָתְרָךְ (u-vatarakh) = "and after you" — the succession preposition batarakh (from אתר, H870). BDB: "in the track of." The third kingdom "shall rule over all the earth" (תשלט בכל ארעא) — same kol-ar'a phrase used for global scope, yet Greece never ruled literally all the earth.
Daniel 2:40¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּמַלְכוּ֙ | מלכו | Noun.fs.Abs | kingdom |
| רביעיה | רביעי | Adj.fs.Abs | fourth |
| תֶּהֱוֵ֥א | הוה | Verb.peal.Impf.3fs | be |
| תַקִּיפָ֖ה | תקיף | Adj.fs.Abs | strong |
| כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א | פרזל | Noun.ms | iron |
| כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל | כל+קבל | Noun.ms.Cst+Noun.s.Cst | because |
| דִּ֤י | די | Prep | (relative) |
| פַרְזְלָא֙ | פרזל | Noun.ms | iron |
| מְהַדֵּ֤ק | דקק | Verb.haf.Ptcp.ms.Abs | crush |
| וְחָשֵׁל֙ | חשׁל | Verb.peal.Ptcp.ms.Abs | hammer |
| כֹּ֔לָּא | כל | Noun.ms | whole (everything) |
| וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א | פרזל | Noun.ms | iron |
| דִּֽי־מְרָעַ֥ע | רעע | Verb.pael.Ptcp.ms.Abs | break |
| כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין | כל+אלין | Noun.ms.Cst+DemPron | all these |
| תַּדִּ֥ק | דקק | Verb.haf.Impf.3fs | crush |
| וְתֵרֹֽעַ | רעע | Verb.peal.Impf.3fs | break |
Key observations: Three forms of דקק (d'qaq) in this verse: מהדק (haphel participle, "crushing"), תדק (haphel impf, "it shall crush"). Also חשׁל (hashel, "hammer") and רעע (ra'a, "break"). The iron vocabulary is exceptionally dense. "All these" (כל אלין) = the preceding kingdoms.
Daniel 2:41-42¶
Dan 2:41: Kingdom divided (פלג, peligah); iron mixed (ערב, m'arab) with miry clay (חסף טינא). Dan 2:42: Partly strong (תקיפה) and partly broken/brittle (תבירה, from תבר = break).
Daniel 2:43¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| פַּרְזְלָא֙ | פרזל | Noun.ms | iron |
| מְעָרַב֙ | ערב | Verb.pael.Ptcp.ms.Abs | mix |
| בַּחֲסַ֣ף | חסף | Noun.ms.Cst | clay |
| טִינָ֔א | טין | Noun.ms | clay (miry/wet) |
| מִתְעָרְבִ֤ין | ערב | Verb.htpa.Ptcp.mp.Abs | mix (reflexive) |
| לֶהֱוֹן֙ | הוה | Verb.peal.Impf.3mp | be |
| בִּזְרַ֣ע | זרע | Noun.ms.Cst | seed |
| אֲנָשָׁ֔א | אנשׁ | Noun.ms | mankind |
| וְלָֽא | לא | Neg | not |
| לֶהֱוֹ֥ן | הוה | Verb.peal.Impf.3mp | be |
| דָּבְקִ֖ין | דבק | Verb.peal.Ptcp.mp.Abs | adhere/cleave |
| דְּנָ֣ה עִם־דְּנָ֑ה | דנה+עם+דנה | DemPron+Prep+DemPron | this with this |
| פַרְזְלָ֔א | פרזל | Noun.ms | iron |
| לָ֥א מִתְעָרַ֖ב | ערב | Verb.htpa.Ptcp.ms.Abs | not mixing |
| עִם־חַסְפָּֽא | חסף | Noun.ms | clay |
Key observations: Three forms of ערב (arab, H6151): מעָרב (pael ptcp = "being mixed"), מתערבין (hitpaal ptcp mp = "they shall mingle themselves"), מתערב (hitpaal ptcp ms = "not mixing"). The hitpaal (reflexive) form for "mingle themselves with the seed of men" (מתערבין בזרע אנשׁא) suggests intentional self-mingling — the PRET reads this as dynastic intermarriage. דבקין (dabqin, from דבק = adhere/cleave) echoes Gen 2:24 marriage language.
Daniel 2:44¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּֽבְיֹומֵיהֹ֞ון | יום+3mp | Noun.mp.Abs | in their days |
| דִּ֧י | די | Prep | of |
| מַלְכַיָּ֣א | מלך | Noun.mp | kings |
| אִנּ֗וּן | אנון | PersPron.3mp | they/those |
| יְקִים֩ | קום | Verb.haf.Impf.3ms | raise up/establish |
| אֱלָ֨הּ | אלה | Noun.ms.Cst | God |
| שְׁמַיָּ֤א | שׁמין | Noun.mp | heaven |
| מַלְכוּ֙ | מלכו | Noun.fs.Abs | kingdom |
| דִּ֤י | די | Prep | (relative) |
| לְעָלְמִין֙ | עלם | Noun.mp.Abs | eternity/ages (le-almin) |
| לָ֣א | לא | Neg | not |
| תִתְחַבַּ֔ל | חבל | Verb.htpa.Impf.3fs | be destroyed |
| וּמַ֨לְכוּתָ֔ה | מלכו | Noun.fs | kingdom |
| לְעַ֥ם | עם | Noun.ms.Abs | people |
| אָחֳרָ֖ן | אחרן | Adj.ms.Abs | another |
| לָ֣א | לא | Neg | not |
| תִשְׁתְּבִ֑ק | שׁבק | Verb.htpe.Impf.3fs | leave/abandon |
| תַּדִּ֤ק | דקק | Verb.haf.Impf.3fs | crush |
| וְתָסֵיף֙ | סוף | Verb.haf.Impf.3fs | end/consume |
| כָּל אִלֵּ֣ין מַלְכְוָתָ֔א | מלכו | Noun.fp | all these kingdoms |
| וְהִ֖יא | היא | PersPron.3fs | she/it |
| תְּק֥וּם | קום | Verb.peal.Impf.3fs | stand |
| לְעָלְמַיָּֽא | עלם | Noun.mp | ages/eternity (le-almayya) |
Key observations: "In the days of those kings" (b'yomehon di malkayya innun) — the demonstrative אנון (innun = "those") points to the kings of the image's toe-phase. The God of heaven "shall raise up" (יקים, haphel = causative) a kingdom. Two eternality expressions: le-almin (for the ages) and le-almayya (for ages and ages). תדק (taddiq, haphel of דקק) = "shall crush" — same root as in Dan 2:34,40 and Dan 7:7,19,23.
Daniel 2:45¶
Stone cut "from the mountain" (מן טורא) "without hands" (די לא בידין). אלה רב (elah rav) = "a great God" — God himself is the revealer. אחרי דנה (acharei d'nah) = "after this" — hereafter. חלמא (chelma) = "dream" is יציב (yatsiv) = "reliable/certain."
Daniel 7:7¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| בָּאתַ֣ר דְּנָה֩ | באתר+דנה | after this | |
| חֵיוָ֣ה רְבִיעָאָה | חיוה+רביעי | fourth beast | |
| דְּחִילָה֩ | דחל | Verb.peal.Ptcp.fs.Abs | fearful |
| וְאֵֽימְתָנִ֨י | אימתני | Adj.ms.Abs | terrible |
| וְתַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא | תקיף+יתיר | strong + exceedingly | |
| וְשִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי פַרְזֶ֥ל | שׁן+פרזל | teeth of iron | |
| רַבְרְבָ֔ן | רב | Adj.fp.Abs | great |
| אָֽכְלָ֣ה | אכל | Verb.peal.Ptcp.fs.Abs | eating/devouring |
| וּמַדֱּקָ֔ה | דקק | Verb.haf.Ptcp.fs.Abs | crushing |
| וּשְׁאָרָ֖א בְּרַגְלַ֣הּ רָפְסָ֑ה | רפס | Verb.peal.Ptcp.fs.Abs | trampling the rest with its feet |
| וְהִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה | שׁנה | Verb.pael.Ptcp.fs.Abs | different/diverse |
| מִן כָּל חֵֽיוָתָא֙ | from all the beasts | ||
| וְקַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר | ten horns |
Key observations: Iron teeth (שׁנין די פרזל) — same parzel as Dan 2:33,40. מדקה (maddiq'ah, haphel ptcp fs) = "crushing" — same root דקק as Dan 2:34,40,44. מְשַׁנְּיָה (meshanneyah, pael ptcp) from שׁנה (H8133) = "different/diverse" — the fourth beast is qualitatively different from all predecessors.
Daniel 7:23¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א | fourth beast | ||
| מַלְכ֤וּ רְבִיעָאָה֙ | fourth kingdom | ||
| תֶּהֱוֵ֣א | הוה | Verb.peal.Impf.3fs | be |
| בְאַרְעָ֔א | ארע | Noun.fs | in the earth |
| דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א | שׁנה | Verb.peal.Impf.2ms | be different |
| מִן כָּל מַלְכְוָתָ֑א | from all kingdoms | ||
| וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל אַרְעָ֔א | eat all the earth (kol ar'a) | ||
| וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ | דושׁ | Verb.peal.Impf.3fs.+3fs | trample it |
| וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ | דקק | Verb.haf.Impf.3fs.+3fs | crush it |
Key observations: כָּל אַרְעָא (kol ar'a) = "all the earth" — same phrase as Dan 2:39. תשׁנא (tishne') from שׁנה (H8133) = "shall be different." תדקנה (taddiqinnah) from דקק = "shall crush it" — same root binding Dan 2 and Dan 7.
Daniel 8:20¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| הָאַ֥יִל | איל | Noun.ms.Abs | the ram |
| אֲשֶׁר רָאִ֖יתָ | אשׁר+ראה | Conj+Verb.Qal.Perf.2ms | which you saw |
| בַּ֣עַל הַקְּרָנָ֑יִם | בעל+קרן | Noun.ms.Cst+Noun.fd.Abs | lord/possessor of the two horns |
| מַלְכֵ֖י | מלך | Noun.mp.Cst | kings of |
| מָדַ֥י | מדי | PropN | Media |
| וּפָרָֽס | פרס | PropN | and Persia |
Key observations: This is the E-tier angel-interpreter identification. ONE ram (איל) with TWO horns (קרנים, dual) = kings of Media AND Persia. The conjunction ו (and) joins them as a single entity. This is Hebrew (not Aramaic), from Dan 8's Hebrew section.
Daniel 8:21-22¶
Dan 8:21: The goat (צפיר השׂעיר) = king of Greece (מלך יון); great horn (קרן הגדולה) = the first king (המלך הראשׁון). Dan 8:22: The horn broken, four stood up in its place — four kingdoms (ארבע מלכיות, malkuyot, H4438) shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power (ולא בכחו).
Key observation: Dan 8:22 uses מלכיות (malkuyot, H4438) = "kingdoms" for the four Greek successor states. This is the same word family as Dan 2's kingdom vocabulary. PRET argues the Seleucid state (one of these four) can therefore be the fourth "kingdom" of Dan 2.
Daniel 11:6¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּלְקֵ֤ץ שָׁנִים֙ | end of years | ||
| יִתְחַבָּ֔רוּ | חבר | Verb.Hithpael.Impf.3mp | join themselves together |
| וּבַ֣ת מֶֽלֶךְ הַנֶּ֗גֶב | daughter of king of the south | ||
| תָּבֹוא֙ אֶל מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפֹ֔ון | come to king of the north | ||
| לַעֲשֹׂ֖ות מֵישָׁרִ֑ים | to make an agreement | ||
| וְלֹֽא תַעְצֹ֞ר | she shall not retain | ||
| כֹּ֣וחַ הַזְּרֹ֗ועַ | power of the arm |
Key observations: The verb יתחברו (yitchabbaru, hithpael of חבר = "join themselves together") is the intermarriage vocabulary. The "daughter of the king of the south" is given to the "king of the north" — a dynastic marriage that fails. Note: this does NOT use the Aramaic ערב (arab) from Dan 2:43; different root entirely (חבר vs. ערב). However, the thematic concept of failed political marriage is shared.
Daniel 11:17¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּבַ֤ת הַנָּשִׁים֙ | daughter of women | ||
| יִתֶּן לֹ֣ו | he shall give to him | ||
| לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֔הּ | to destroy/corrupt her | ||
| וְלֹ֥א תַעֲמֹ֖ד | she shall not stand | ||
| וְלֹא לֹ֥ו תִהְיֶֽה | nor shall she be for him |
Key observations: "Daughter of women" (bat hannashim) given in a diplomatic marriage that fails — "she shall not stand on his side, nor be for him." Same failed-marriage pattern as Dan 11:6. PRET links these to Dan 2:43's "they shall not cleave one to another."