Raw Hebrew/Aramaic Parsing Data

Daniel 1:1 (Hebrew)

בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁלֹ֔ושׁ לְמַלְכ֖וּת יְהֹויָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה בָּ֣א נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֥צַר עָלֶֽיהָ׃

בִּשְׁנַת  (b + shanah, Noun.fs.Cst) = "in year of"
שָׁלֹושׁ   (shalosh, Noun.s.Abs) = "three"
לְמַלְכוּת (l + malkuth, Noun.fs.Cst) = "to/of kingship of"
יְהֹויָקִים (Yehoyaqim, PropN) = "Jehoiakim"
מֶלֶךְ    (melek, Noun.ms.Cst) = "king of"
יְהוּדָה   (Yehudah, PropN) = "Judah"
בָּא      (bo', Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms) = "came"
נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (Nebukadne'tstsar, PropN) = "Nebuchadnezzar"
מֶלֶךְ    (melek, Noun.ms.Cst) = "king of"
בָּבֶל    (Babel, PropN) = "Babel/Babylon"
יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalaim, PropN) = "Jerusalem"
וַיָּצַר   (w + tsur, Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms) = "and besieged"
עָלֶיהָ   ('al + 3fs, Prep) = "against it"

NOTE: Hebrew section (Dan 1:1-2:4a). "Malkuth" (H4438 Hebrew) used here vs. "malku" (H4437 Aramaic) in later chapters.

Daniel 1:21 (Hebrew)

וַיְהִי דָּנִיֵּאל עַד־שְׁנַת אַחַת לְכֹורֶשׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ

וַיְהִי    (w + hayah, Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms) = "and was/continued"
דָּנִיֵּאל  (Daniye'l, PropN) = "Daniel"
עַד       ('ad, Prep) = "unto"
שְׁנַת    (shanah, Noun.fs.Cst) = "year of"
אַחַת     ('achad, Noun.fs.Abs) = "one"
לְכֹורֶשׁ  (l + Koresh, PropN) = "to/of Cyrus"
הַמֶּלֶךְ  (ha + melek, Art + Noun.ms.Abs) = "the king"

NOTE: Daniel's career spanned from "third year of Jehoiakim" (1:1) to "first year of Cyrus" (1:21) -- a period of ~66 years.

Daniel 5:7 (Aramaic)

קָרֵא מַלְכָּא בְּחַיִל לְהֶעָלָה לְאָשְׁפַיָּא כַּשְׂדָּאֵי וְגָזְרַיָּא עָנֵה מַלְכָּא וְאָמַר לְחַכִּימֵי בָבֶל דִּי כָל־אֱנָשׁ דִּי־יִקְרֵה כְּתָבָה דְנָה וּפִשְׁרֵהּ יְחַוִּנַּנִי אַרְגְּוָנָא יִלְבַּשׁ וְהַמְנִיכָה דִי־דַהֲבָא עַל־צַוְּארֵהּ וְתַלְתִּי בְמַלְכוּתָא יִשְׁלַט

Key terms:
- תַלְתִּי (taltiy, Noun.ms.Abs+1us) = "triumvir" -- from תלת (three)
- בְמַלְכוּתָא (b + malku, Prep + Noun.fs) = "in the kingdom"
- יִשְׁלַט (shelet, Verb.peal.Impf.3ms) = "shall rule"

CRITICAL: The word תַלְתִּי is glossed "triumvir" (third ruler) -- a rank title, not merely the ordinal "third." The phrase "taltiy b-malkuta yishlat" = "a triumvir in the kingdom he shall rule."

Daniel 5:16 (Aramaic)

...וְתַלְתָּא בְמַלְכוּתָא תִּשְׁלַט

Key terms:
- תַלְתָּא (talta', Noun.ms) = "triumvir"
- בְמַלְכוּתָא (b + malku, Prep + Noun.fs) = "in the kingdom"
- תִּשְׁלַט (shelet, Verb.peal.Impf.2ms) = "you shall rule"

NOTE: Second occurrence of the "third ruler" offer. Here addressed directly to Daniel (2ms "you shall rule") vs. 5:7 (3ms "he shall rule" -- generic offer).

Daniel 5:29 (Aramaic)

בֵּאדַיִן אֲמַר בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר וְהַלְבִּישׁוּ לְדָנִיֵּאל אַרְגְּוָנָא וְהַמְנִיכָא דִי־דַהֲבָא עַל־צַוְּארֵהּ וְהַכְרִזוּ עֲלוֹהִי דִּי־לֶהֱוֵא שַׁלִּיט תַּלְתָּא בְּמַלְכוּתָא

Key terms:
- בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (Belsha'tstsar, PropN) = "Belshazzar"
- שַׁלִּיט (shallit, Adj.ms.Cst) = "mighty/ruler"
- תַּלְתָּא (talta', Noun.ms) = "triumvir"
- בְּמַלְכוּתָא (b + malku, Prep + Noun.fs) = "in the kingdom"
- הַכְרִזוּ (keraz, Verb.haf.Perf.3mp) = "they proclaimed"

NOTE: Fulfillment of the offer -- Daniel IS made third ruler. The word שַׁלִּיט here is the adjective "ruler/mighty" (not the verb shelet).

Daniel 6:1 [=5:31 KJV] (Aramaic)

וְדָרְיָוֶשׁ מָדָאָה קַבֵּל מַלְכוּתָא כְּבַר שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְתַרְתֵּין

Key terms:
- דָרְיָוֶשׁ (Daryawesh, PropN) = "Darius"
- מדיא (madaya, Adj.ms) = "Median"
- קַבֵּל (qabbel, Verb.pael.Perf.3ms) = "received" -- from H6902
- מַלְכוּתָא (malku, Noun.fs) = "kingdom"
- כְּבַר שְׁנִין (k + bar shanin) = "about son of years" (= approximately aged)
- שִׁתִּין (shittin, Noun.mp.Abs) = "sixty"
- וְתַרְתֵּין (w + tarteyn, Noun.fd.Abs) = "and two"

CRITICAL: The verb קַבֵּל (qabbel) is Pael perfect 3ms of H6902 -- "received." BDB notes the Syriac cognate means "properly come in front of, come to meet." This is a receiving of the kingdom, not a taking or conquering. The Pael stem here suggests an active receiving from another.

Daniel 6:29 [=6:28 KJV] (Aramaic)

וְדָנִיֵּאל דְּנָה הַצְלַח בְּמַלְכוּת דָּרְיָוֶשׁ וּבְמַלְכוּת כֹּורֶשׁ פָּרְסָאָה

Key terms:
- הַצְלַח (hatslach, Verb.haf.Perf.3ms) = "prospered"
- בְּמַלְכוּת (b + malku, Noun.fs.Cst) = "in the reign/kingdom of"
- דָּרְיָוֶשׁ (Daryawesh, PropN) = "Darius"
- וּבְמַלְכוּת (u + b + malku) = "and in the reign/kingdom of"
- כֹּורֶשׁ (Koresh, PropN) = "Cyrus"
- פרסיא (parsaya, Adj.ms) = "Persian"

NOTE: The conjunction וּ (and) between "reign of Darius" and "reign of Cyrus" is ambiguous. It could mean: (a) sequential reigns (Darius THEN Cyrus), or (b) explanatory/epexegetical ("even" -- Darius = Cyrus), or (c) overlapping/contemporaneous reigns. The Aramaic conjunction allows all readings.

Daniel 9:1 (Hebrew)

בִּשְׁנַת אַחַת לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ בֶּן־אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ מִזֶּרַע מָדָי אֲשֶׁר הָמְלַךְ עַל מַלְכוּת כַּשְׂדִּים

Key terms:
- דָרְיָוֶשׁ (Daryawesh, PropN) = "Darius"
- בֶּן (ben, Noun.ms.Cst) = "son of"
- אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (Achashwerosh, PropN) = "Ahasuerus"
- מִזֶּרַע (min + zera', Prep + Noun.ms.Cst) = "from seed of"
- מָדָי (Maday, PropN) = "Media"
- אֲשֶׁר (asher, Conj) = "who/which"
- הָמְלַךְ (hamlak, Verb.Hophal.Perf.3ms) = "was made king" -- PASSIVE
- עַל (al, Prep) = "upon/over"
- מַלְכוּת (malkuth, Noun.fs.Cst) = "kingship/realm of"
- כַּשְׂדִּים (Kasdim, PropN) = "Chaldea"

CRITICAL: The verb הָמְלַךְ is HOPHAL -- the causative passive of "to be king." This means Darius "was made king" by someone else. He did not take the throne independently. This aligns with Dan 6:1 [5:31] where he "received" (qabbel) the kingdom. Both verbs point to delegated authority.

Daniel 9:2 (Hebrew)

בִּשְׁנַת אַחַת לְמָלְכוֹ אֲנִי דָּנִיֵּאל בִּינֹתִי בַּסְּפָרִים מִסְפַּר הַשָּׁנִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר־יְהוָה אֶל־יִרְמִיָה הַנָּבִיא לְמַלֹּאות לְחָרְבוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה

Key terms:
- לְמָלְכוֹ (l + malak + 3ms, Verb.Qal.InfCon + suffix) = "of his reigning"
- בִּינֹתִי (binothi, Verb.Qal.Perf.1s from בין) = "I understood"
- בַּסְּפָרִים (ba + sfarim, Art + Noun.mp.Abs) = "in the books/letters"
- מִסְפַּר (mispar, Noun.ms.Cst) = "number of"
- הַשָּׁנִים (ha + shanim, Art + Noun.fp.Abs) = "the years"
- דְבַר־יְהוָה (debar-YHWH, Noun.ms.Cst + PropN) = "word of the LORD"
- יִרְמִיָה (Yirmiyah, PropN) = "Jeremiah"
- הַנָּבִיא (ha + nabi', Art + Noun.ms.Abs) = "the prophet"
- לְמַלֹּאות (l + male', Verb.Piel.InfCon) = "to fulfill/accomplish"
- לְחָרְבוֹת (l + charbah, Prep + Noun.fp.Cst) = "to/for ruins of"
- שִׁבְעִים (shib'im, Noun.mp.Abs) = "seventy"
- שָׁנָה (shanah, Noun.fs.Abs) = "year"

NOTE: Hebrew section. Daniel claims first-person understanding ("I understood") from written sources ("the books") about a specific prophecy of Jeremiah regarding 70 years. This is a textual claim of literacy and access to prophetic literature.

Daniel 10:1 (Hebrew)

בִּשְׁנַת שָׁלוֹשׁ לְכֹורֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס דָּבָר נִגְלָה לְדָנִיֵּאל...

Key terms:
- כֹּורֶשׁ (Koresh, PropN) = "Cyrus"
- מֶלֶךְ (melek, Noun.ms.Cst) = "king of"
- פָּרַס (Paras, PropN) = "Persia"
- נִגְלָה (galah, Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms) = "was revealed"
- בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר (Beltsha'tstsar, PropN) = "Belteshazzar"
- וֶאֱמֶת (we'emeth, Conj + Noun.fs.Abs) = "and truth/trustworthiness"
- וְצָבָא גָדוֹל (w + tsaba' gadol) = "and great warfare/service"
- וּבִין (u + biyn, Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms) = "and he understood"
- בַּמַּרְאֶה (ba + mar'eh, Prep + Noun.ms.Abs) = "in the vision/sight"

NOTE: Third year of Cyrus = ~536 BC. Uses both names (Daniel and Belteshazzar), indicating continuity with Dan 1.

Daniel 7:1 (Aramaic)

בִּשְׁנַת חֲדָה לְבֵלְאשַׁצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל דָּנִיֵּאל חֵלֶם חֲזָה...

Key terms:
- חֲדָה (chadah, Noun.fs.Abs) = "one"
- בֵלְאשַׁצַּר (Belsha'tstsar, PropN) = "Belshazzar"
- חֵלֶם (chelem, Noun.ms.Abs) = "dream" (H2493 -- Aramaic only)
- חֲזָה (chazah, Verb.peal.Perf.3ms) = "saw"
- חֶזְוֵי (chezwey, Noun.mp.Cst) = "visions of"
- רֵאשֵׁהּ (re'sheh, Noun.ms.Abs+3ms) = "his head"
- כְתַב (kethab, Verb.peal.Perf.3ms) = "he wrote"

NOTE: Aramaic section. "First year of Belshazzar king of Babylon" -- chronological marker placing this vision BEFORE the fall of Babylon.

Daniel 8:1 (Hebrew)

בִּשְׁנַת שָׁלוֹשׁ לְמַלְכוּת בֵּלְאשַׁצַּר הַמֶּלֶךְ חָזוֹן נִרְאָה אֵלַי...

Key terms:
- מַלְכוּת (malkuth, Noun.fs.Cst) = "kingship of" (Hebrew H4438)
- בֵּלְאשַׁצַּר (Belsha'tstsar, PropN) = "Belshazzar"
- חָזוֹן (chazon, Noun.ms.Abs) = "vision" (H2377 -- Hebrew)
- נִרְאָה (nir'ah, Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms) = "appeared"

NOTE: Hebrew section resumes at Dan 8. Uses Hebrew chazon (H2377) rather than Aramaic chelem (H2493). "Third year of the reign of king Belshazzar."

Ezekiel 14:14 (Hebrew)

וְהָיוּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה בְּתוֹכָהּ נֹחַ דָּנִיאֵל וְאִיּוֹב הֵמָּה בְצִדְקָתָם יְנַצְּלוּ נַפְשָׁם...

Key terms:
- שְׁלֹשֶׁת (shlosheth, Noun.fs.Cst) = "three of"
- הָאֲנָשִׁים ('ish, Noun.mp.Abs) = "the men"
- נֹחַ (Noach, PropN) = "Noah"
- דנאל (Daniye'l, PropN) = "Daniel"
- אִיּוֹב ('Iyyob, PropN) = "Job"
- בְצִדְקָתָם (b + tsedaqah + 3mp) = "by their righteousness"
- יְנַצְּלוּ (natsal, Verb.Piel.Impf.3mp) = "they would deliver"
- נַפְשָׁם (nephesh + 3mp) = "their souls"

NOTE: The name form in the Hebrew text is דנאל (without yod: dan'el), NOT דניאל (daniye'l) as in the book of Daniel. However, this is a ketiv/qere variant and both refer to the same person in context. The grouping with Noah and Job -- both known historical figures in Scripture -- places Daniel in the same category.

Ezekiel 28:3 (Hebrew)

הִנֵּה חָכָם אַתָּה מִדָּנִיאֵל כָּל־סָתוּם לֹא עֲמָמוּךָ

Key terms:
- חָכָם (chakam, Adj.ms.Abs) = "wise"
- אַתָּה ('attah, PersPron.2ms) = "you"
- מִדָּנִיאֵל (min + Daniye'l, Prep + PropN) = "from/than Daniel"
- סָתוּם (satham, Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs) = "sealed/hidden thing"
- לֹא ('lo, Neg) = "not"
- עֲמָמוּךָ ('amam, Verb.Qal.Perf.3p+2ms) = "they darkened/hid from you"

NOTE: Again the name form is דנאל. "Wiser than Daniel; no secret that they can hide from you" -- addressed to prince of Tyre. This establishes Daniel's wisdom as proverbial in Ezekiel's time.

Greek Parsing: Matthew 24:15

Ὅταν (hotan, CONJ) = "When" (temporal)
οὖν (oun, CONJ) = "therefore"
ἴδητε (horao, V-2AAS-2P) = "you shall see" (Aorist Active Subjunctive 2P)
τὸ βδέλυγμα (bdelugma, N-ASN) = "the abomination" (Acc Sg N, G946)
τῆς ἐρημώσεως (eremosis, N-GSF) = "of the desolation" (Gen Sg F, G2050)
τὸ ῥηθὲν (eipon, V-APP-ASN) = "the [thing] having been spoken" (Aor Pass Ptcp Acc Sg N, G2046)
διὰ (dia, PREP) = "through/by" (G1223)
Δανιὴλ (Daniel, N-PRI) = "Daniel" (Gen Sg M, G1158 -- indeclinable proper noun)
τοῦ προφήτου (prophetes, N-GSM) = "the prophet" (Gen Sg M, G4396)
ἑστὸς (histemi, V-2RAP-ASN) = "standing" (Perf Act Ptcp Acc Sg N, G2476)
ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ (en topo hagio) = "in a holy place"
ὁ ἀναγινώσκων (anaginosko, V-PAP-NSM) = "the one reading" (Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M, G314)
νοείτω (noeo, V-PAM-3S) = "let him understand" (Pres Act Impv 3S, G3539)

KEY: "τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Δανιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου" = "the thing having been spoken through Daniel the prophet." The construction uses δια + genitive (personal agent/instrument) attributing the prophecy TO Daniel as its speaker/author. The article τοῦ with προφήτου definitively identifies Daniel as "THE prophet" -- a specific known person, not a book title.

Greek Parsing: Mark 13:14

Ὅταν δὲ ἴδητε (hotan de idete) = "When then you see"
τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως (to bdelugma tes eremoseos) = "the abomination of the desolation"
ἑστηκότα (histemi, V-RAP-ASM) = "standing" (Perf Act Ptcp Acc Sg M, G2476)
ὅπου οὐ δεῖ (hopou ou dei) = "where it should not"
ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω (ho anaginoskon noeito) = "the one reading let him understand"

KEY DIFFERENCE FROM MATTHEW: Mark uses ἑστηκότα (masculine participle, Acc Sg M) rather than Matthew's ἑστὸς (neuter participle, Acc Sg N). The masculine form suggests a personal agent ("standing" as a person), while Matthew's neuter agrees with βδέλυγμα (neuter noun). Mark omits the explicit reference "spoken of by Daniel the prophet" but retains "the one reading let him understand" -- a parenthetical directing readers to the book of Daniel.