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Hebrew Parsing Raw Data

Exodus 20:15

  לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס

  Hebrew          Lemma        Parsing                   Gloss
  --------------- ------------ ------------------------- --------------------
  לֹ֣֖א           לא           Neg.+NAN                  not
  תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב     גנב          Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms         steal

Key observations: - lo tignob = "you shall not steal" - Verb: גנב (ganab) — Qal Imperfect 2ms - Same apodictic negative command form (lo + imperfect) as other commandments (lo tirtsach, lo tin'af) - 2ms = second person masculine singular, addressed to each individual Israelite - The commandment is two words in Hebrew

Leviticus 19:11

  לֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֹֽו׃

  Hebrew          Lemma        Parsing                   Gloss
  --------------- ------------ ------------------------- --------------------
  לֹ֖א            לא           Neg.+NAN                  not
  תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ     גנב          Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp         steal
  וְ              ו            Conj.+NAN                 and
  לֹא             לא           Neg.+NAN                  not
  תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ     כחשׁ         Verb.Piel.Impf.2mp        grow lean
  וְ              ו            Conj.+NAN                 and
  לֹֽא            לא           Neg.+NAN                  not
  תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ    שׁקר         Verb.Piel.Impf.2mp        do falsely
  אִ֥ישׁ          אישׁ         Noun.ms.Abs               man
  בַּ             ב            Prep                      in
  עֲמִיתֹֽו       עמית         Noun.ms.Abs.+3ms          fellow

Key observations: - Three prohibitions linked: ganab (steal), kachash (deal falsely, Piel), shaqar (do falsely, Piel) - Shift from 2ms (Exo 20:15) to 2mp (Lev 19:11) — communal address - The three prohibitions form a progression: stealing → dealing falsely → lying to one's fellow - כחשׁ (kachash, Piel) = deny, deceive, deal falsely - שׁקר (shaqar, Piel) = deal falsely, act deceptively - עמית (amith) = fellow, associate, neighbor — with 3ms suffix "his fellow" - This connects stealing to broader dishonesty — theft inherently involves deception