Raw Greek Parsing Data — cmd-07¶

Matthew 5:21¶

Greek: Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις Οὐ φονεύσεις· ὃς δ' ἂν φονεύσῃ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει.

Key words:
Ἠκούσατε       ἀκούω      G191   V-AAI-2P   Aorist Active Indicative 2nd Plural ("you heard")
ἐρρέθη         εἶπον      G2046  V-API-3S   Aorist Passive Indicative 3rd Sing ("it was said")
ἀρχαίοις       ἀρχαῖος    G744   A-DPM      Adjective Dative Plural Masc ("to the ancients")
φονεύσεις      φονεύω     G5407  V-FAI-2S   Future Active Indicative 2nd Sing ("you shall murder")
φονεύσῃ        φονεύω     G5407  V-AAS-3S   Aorist Active Subjunctive 3rd Sing ("should murder")
ἔνοχος         ἔνοχος     G1777  A-NSM      Adjective Nom Sg Masc ("liable/guilty")
κρίσει         κρίσις     G2920  N-DSF      Noun Dative Sg Fem ("the judgment")

Note: φονεύω (phoneuo) G5407 is the LXX translation of רצח (ratsach). Used twice: first in the commandment quotation (future indicative = Hebrew imperfect prohibition), second in the subjunctive (whoever should commit murder).

Matthew 5:22¶

Greek: ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει· ὃς δ' ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ Ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ συνεδρίῳ· ὃς δ' ἂν εἴπῃ Μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός.

Key words:
ὀργιζόμενος    ὀργίζω     G3710  V-PPP-NSM  Present Passive Participle Nom Sg Masc ("the one being angry")
ἀδελφῷ         ἀδελφός    G80    N-DSM      Noun Dative Sg Masc ("brother")
ἔνοχος         ἔνοχος     G1777  A-NSM      "liable/guilty" (used 3x in escalation)
κρίσει         κρίσις     G2920  N-DSF      "the judgment" (local court)
Ῥακά           ῥακά       G4469  ARAM       Aramaic loan word ("empty one/worthless")
συνεδρίῳ       συνέδριον  G4892  N-DSN      "the council/Sanhedrin"
Μωρέ           μωρός      G3474  A-VSM      Vocative ("Fool!")
γέενναν        γέεννα     G1067  N-ASF      "Gehenna" (hell fire)
πυρός          πῦρ        G4442  N-GSN      "fire"

Note: Three-step escalation: (1) anger → judgment, (2) "Raca" → council, (3) "Fool" → Gehenna of fire. The present passive participle ὀργιζόμενος indicates ongoing state of anger.

Romans 13:9¶

Greek: τὸ γάρ Οὐ μοιχεύσεις, Οὐ φονεύσεις, Οὐ κλέψεις, Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις, καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή, ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, ἐν τῷ Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν.

Key words:
φονεύσεις      φονεύω     G5407  V-FAI-2S   Future Active Indicative 2nd Sing ("you shall murder")
ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται ἀνακεφαλαιόω G346 V-PPI-3S  Present Passive Indicative 3rd Sing ("is summed up")
ἀγαπήσεις      ἀγαπάω     G25    V-FAI-2S   Future Active Indicative 2nd Sing ("you shall love")
πλησίον        πλησίον    G4139  ADV        "neighbor"

Note: Paul quotes four Decalogue commandments (adultery, murder, theft, covetousness) and says they are all "summed up" (ἀνακεφαλαιόω) in love of neighbor. φονεύω is the same word used in Mat 5:21 and the LXX of Exo 20:13.

1 John 3:15¶

Greek: πᾶς ὁ μισῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ἀνθρωποκτόνος ἐστίν, καὶ οἴδατε ὅτι πᾶς ἀνθρωποκτόνος οὐκ ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἐν αὐτῷ μένουσαν.

Key words:
μισῶν          μισέω      G3404  V-PAP-NSM  Present Active Participle Nom Sg Masc ("the one hating")
ἀδελφὸν        ἀδελφός    G80    N-ASM      "brother"
ἀνθρωποκτόνος  ἀνθρωποκτόνος G443 A-NSM    "man-killer/murderer" (ἄνθρωπος + κτείνω)
ζωὴν αἰώνιον   ζωή + αἰώνιος G2222+G166   "eternal life"
μένουσαν       μένω       G3306  V-PAP-ASF  Present Active Participle Acc Sg Fem ("abiding/remaining")

Note: ἀνθρωποκτόνος (anthropoktonos) appears only 3x in NT — here and John 8:44 (the devil was a "murderer from the beginning"). Different word from φονεύω/φονεύς. μισέω (hate) is in the present active participle = ongoing habitual hatred. The conclusion: no murderer has eternal life abiding (μένω, present participle) in him.

Revelation 21:8¶

Greek: τοῖς δὲ δειλοῖς καὶ ἀπίστοις καὶ ἐβδελυγμένοις καὶ φονεῦσιν καὶ πόρνοις καὶ φαρμάκοις καὶ εἰδωλολάτραις καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ψευδέσιν τὸ μέρος αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ καιομένῃ πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ, ὅ ἐστιν ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος.

Key words:
φονεῦσιν       φονεύς     G5406  N-DPM      Noun Dative Plural Masc ("murderers")
λίμνῃ          λίμνη      G3041  N-DSF      "lake"
πυρὶ           πῦρ        G4442  N-DSN      "fire"
θείῳ           θεῖον      G2303  N-DSN      "brimstone"
θάνατος δεύτερος θάνατος + δεύτερος G2288+G1208  "the second death"

Note: φονεύς (phoneus) G5406 — the agent noun "murderer" (always of criminal/intentional killing per lexicon). Listed alongside cowards, unbelievers, abominable, whoremongers, sorcerers, idolaters, liars. Their portion: the lake of fire = second death.