Raw Hebrew Parsing Data

Exodus 20:7 -- Full Morphological Parsing

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  Exodus 20:7
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  לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַשָּׁ֑וְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁמֹ֖ו לַשָּֽׁוְא׃ פ

  Hebrew          Lemma        Parsing                   Gloss
  --------------- ------------ ------------------------- --------------------
  לֹ֥א            לא           Neg.+NAN                  not
  תִשָּׂ֛א        נשׂא         Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms         lift
  אֶת             את           Prep                      <object marker>
  שֵֽׁם           שׁם          Noun.ms.Cst               name
  יְהוָ֥ה         יהוה         PropN.ms.Abs.+NAN         YHWH
  אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ      אלהים        Noun.mp.Abs.+2ms          god(s)
  לַ              ל            Prep                      to
                  ה            Art.+NAN                  the
  שָּׁ֑וְא        שׁוא         Noun.ms.Abs               vanity
  כִּ֣י           כי           Conj.+NAN                 that
  לֹ֤א            לא           Neg.+NAN                  not
  יְנַקֶּה֙       נקה          Verb.Piel.Impf.3ms        be clean
  יְהוָ֔ה         יהוה         PropN.ms.Abs.+NAN         YHWH
  אֵ֛ת            את           Prep                      <object marker>
  אֲשֶׁר          אשׁר         Conj.+NAN                 <relative>
  יִשָּׂ֥א        נשׂא         Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms         lift
  אֶת             את           Prep                      <object marker>
  שְׁמֹ֖ו         שׁם          Noun.ms.Abs.+3ms          name
  לַ              ל            Prep                      to
                  ה            Art.+NAN                  the
  שָּֽׁוְא        שׁוא         Noun.ms.Abs               vanity

Key Grammatical Observations

1. תִשָּׂ֛א (tissa) -- Qal Imperfect 2nd masculine singular of נשׂא (nasa). The imperfect form with the negative לֹא creates a permanent prohibition (not a one-time command). This is standard for apodictic law in the Decalogue.

2. שֵֽׁם (shem) -- Noun masculine singular CONSTRUCT state, meaning "name of" -- it is in grammatical construct with YHWH, forming "the-name-of-YHWH."

3. לַשָּׁ֑וְא (la-shav) -- Preposition ל (to/for) + Article ה + שׁוא (vanity/emptiness/falsehood). The preposition indicates PURPOSE or MANNER: "for/to the-emptiness" or "in the manner of emptiness."

4. יְנַקֶּה֙ (yenaqqeh) -- Piel Imperfect 3ms of נקה (naqah). The Piel stem is INTENSIVE. This is not merely "will not declare clean" but "will absolutely not acquit / will by no means clear." The Piel intensifies the certainty of divine judgment.

5. אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א (asher-yissa) -- Relative clause: "whoever lifts/bears." The 3ms (he) shifts from the 2ms (you) of the command, making the consequence universal -- not just "you" but "whoever."

Exodus 20:7 -- Clause Structure

  Clause 1 (Main prohibition):
    Type: xYq0 (negated imperfect = prohibition)
    Domain: Q (quotation/direct speech)
    Text: לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת שֵֽׁם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַ שָּׁ֑וְא
      [Nega] לֹ֥א (not)
      [Pred] תִשָּׂ֛א (you shall lift/bear)
      [Objc] אֶת שֵֽׁם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ (the name of YHWH your God)
      [Cmpl] לַ שָּׁ֑וְא (to/for the emptiness/vanity)

  Clause 2 (Consequence clause -- causal):
    Type: xYqX (subordinate, negated imperfect with subject)
    Domain: Q
    Text: כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה
      [Conj] כִּ֣י (because/for)
      [Nega] לֹ֤א (not)
      [Pred] יְנַקֶּה֙ (he will acquit -- Piel intensive)
      [Subj] יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH)

  Clause 3 (Relative clause -- object of Clause 2):
    Type: xYq0
    Domain: Q
    Text: אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת שְׁמֹ֖ו לַ שָּֽׁוְא
      [Rela] אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר (the one who)
      [Pred] יִשָּׂ֥א (he lifts/bears)
      [Objc] אֶת שְׁמֹ֖ו (his name)
      [Cmpl] לַ שָּֽׁוְא (to/for the emptiness/vanity)

Structural Analysis

The verse has three clauses: 1. Prohibition (Clause 1): "You shall not bear the name of YHWH your God to/for emptiness" 2. Reason (Clause 2): "because YHWH will not acquit (Piel intensive)" 3. Object specification (Clause 3): "whoever bears his name to/for emptiness"

Note: Clause 3 is dependent on Clause 2 -- it specifies WHO YHWH will not acquit. The shift from "the name of YHWH your God" (Clause 1) to "his name" (Clause 3) reflects a literary pattern where the formal title gives way to the pronoun, connecting the prohibition to the consequence.

The clause type xYq0 indicates a main clause with a negated imperfect verb, which in Hebrew legal texts creates apodictic (absolute) law -- this is not conditional but categorical.