Raw Hebrew Parser Output
Exodus 20:4
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Exodus 20:4
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לֹֽ֣א תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֨סֶל֙׀ וְכָל־תְּמוּנָ֡֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר בַּשָּׁמַ֣֨יִם֙׀ מִמַּ֡֔עַל וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ מִתַָּ֑֜חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בַּמַּ֖֣יִם׀ מִתַּ֥֣חַת לָאָֽ֗רֶץ׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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לֹֽ֣א לא Neg.+NAN not
תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה עשׂה Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms make
לְךָ֥֣ ל Prep.+2ms to
פֶ֣֨סֶל֙ פסל Noun.ms.Abs idol
וְ ו Conj.+NAN and
כָל כל Noun.ms.Cst whole
תְּמוּנָ֡֔ה תמונה Noun.fs.Abs form
אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר אשׁר Conj.+NAN <relative>
בַּ ב Prep in
ה Art.+NAN the
שָּׁמַ֣֨יִם֙ שׁמים Noun.mp.Abs heavens
מִ מן Prep from
מַּ֡֔עַל מעל Noun.s.Abs top
וַֽ ו Conj.+NAN and
אֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ אשׁר Conj.+NAN <relative>
בָּ ב Prep in
ה Art.+NAN the
אָ֖֨רֶץ ארץ Noun.s.Abs earth
מִ מן Prep from
תַָּ֑֜חַת תחת Noun.ms.Abs under part
וַ ו Conj.+NAN and
אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר אשׁר Conj.+NAN <relative>
בַּ ב Prep in
ה Art.+NAN the
מַּ֖֣יִם מים Noun.mp.Abs water
מִ מן Prep from
תַּ֥֣חַת תחת Noun.ms.Abs under part
לָ ל Prep to
ה Art.+NAN the
אָֽ֗רֶץ ארץ Noun.s.Abs earth
Grammatical Observations for Exo 20:4
- lo ta'aseh (לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה) -- Qal Imperfect 2ms with negative particle lo. This is the standard apodictic prohibition form in Hebrew law (the "thou shalt not" form). The imperfect indicates an ongoing, permanent prohibition.
- pesel (פֶסֶל) -- Masculine singular noun in absolute state, from the root פסל meaning "to hew/carve." The word specifically denotes a carved or sculpted image.
- temunah (תְּמוּנָה) -- Feminine singular noun, glossed as "form." Combined with כָל (kol, "whole/any"), the phrase "any form" (kol-temunah) extends the prohibition beyond carved images to any representational form.
- Three-zone cosmology -- The verse uses a tripartite description: heavens above, earth beneath, waters under the earth, encompassing the entire created order. The asher (אֲשֶׁר, relative pronoun) introduces each zone.
Exodus 20:5
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Exodus 20:5
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לֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחְוֶ֥֣ה לָהֶ֖ם֮ וְלֹ֣א תָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֹ֨ן אָבֹ֧ת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים לְשֹׂנְאָֽ֑י׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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לֹֽא לא Neg.+NAN not
תִשְׁתַּחְוֶ֥֣ה חוה Verb.hsht.Impf.2ms bow down
לָהֶ֖ם֮ ל Prep.+3mp to
וְ ו Conj.+NAN and
לֹ֣א לא Neg.+NAN not
תָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ עבד Verb.Hophal.Impf.2ms.+3mp work, serve
כִּ֣י כי Conj.+NAN that
אָֽנֹכִ֞י אנכי PersPron.1s.+NAN i
יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PropN.ms.Abs.+NAN YHWH
אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ אלהים Noun.mp.Abs.+2ms god(s)
אֵ֣ל אל Noun.ms.Abs god
קַנָּ֔א קנא Adj.ms.Abs jealous
פֹּ֠קֵד פקד Verb.Qal.Ptcp.unknownms.Abs miss
עֲוֹ֨ן עון Noun.ms.Cst sin
אָבֹ֧ת אב Noun.mp.Abs father
עַל על Prep upon
בָּנִ֛ים בן Noun.mp.Abs son
עַל על Prep upon
שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים שׁלשׁים Noun.mp.Abs grandsons
וְ ו Conj.+NAN and
עַל על Prep upon
רִבֵּעִ֖ים רבע Noun.mp.Abs of fourth generation
לְ ל Prep to
שֹׂנְאָֽ֑י שׂנא Verb.Qal.Ptcp.unknownmp.Abs.+1us hate
Grammatical Observations for Exo 20:5
- tishtachaveh (תִשְׁתַּחְוֶה) -- Hishtaphel (reflexive/causative) Imperfect 2ms of חוה. This stem form implies prostrating oneself in reverence -- it is a self-abasing action directed toward another.
- ta'avdem (תָעָבְדֵם) -- The parsing shows Hophal but this is likely Qal with object suffix (serve them). The root עבד covers work, service, and worship -- the same word used for serving God and for servile labor.
- Two prohibitions in one verse: "not bow down" + "not serve" -- covering both ritual worship and ongoing religious service.
- el qanna (אֵל קַנָּא) -- "a jealous God." The adjective qanna (ms.Abs) is in predicate position, describing God's essential character, not merely an occasional emotion.
- poqed (פֹּקֵד) -- Qal Active Participle masculine singular. The participle form is significant: it describes God's ongoing, habitual action rather than a single past or future event. God is "one who visits" iniquity -- this is a characteristic attribute.
- avon (עֲוֹן) -- Masculine singular construct ("iniquity of"), linking the sin to its source (the fathers).
- le-son'ay (לְשֹׂנְאָי) -- "to those hating me." Qal Active Participle masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix. This is a critical qualifier: the visiting of iniquity is specifically upon those who hate God, not indiscriminately upon all descendants.
Exodus 20:6
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Exodus 20:6
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וְעֹ֥֤שֶׂה חֶ֖֨סֶד֙ לַאֲלָפִ֑֔ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֹתָֽי׃ ס
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וְ ו Conj.+NAN and
עֹ֥֤שֶׂה עשׂה Verb.Qal.Ptcp.unknownms.Abs make
חֶ֖֨סֶד֙ חסד Noun.ms.Abs loyalty
לַ ל Prep to
אֲלָפִ֑֔ים אלף Noun.mp.Abs thousand
לְ ל Prep to
אֹהֲבַ֖י אהב Verb.Qal.Ptcp.unknownmp.Abs.+1us love
וּ ו Conj.+NAN and
לְ ל Prep to
שֹׁמְרֵ֥י שׁמר Verb.Qal.Ptcp.unknownmp.Cst keep
מִצְוֹתָֽי מצוה Noun.fp.Abs.+1us commandment
Grammatical Observations for Exo 20:6
- oseh (עֹשֶׂה) -- Qal Active Participle masculine singular, same form as poqed in v.5. God is "one who makes/does" hesed -- it is His habitual, characteristic action, matching the participial form of "visiting" iniquity.
- hesed (חֶסֶד) -- Masculine singular noun, glossed as "loyalty" (also translated "mercy," "lovingkindness," "steadfast love"). This is covenant faithfulness -- God's loyal love to His covenant partners.
- la-alaphim (לַאֲלָפִים) -- "to thousands." The contrast with "third and fourth generation" (v.5) is dramatic: judgment extends 3-4 generations; mercy extends to thousands. The asymmetry reveals God's character as weighted overwhelmingly toward mercy.
- le-ohavay (לְאֹהֲבַי) -- "to those loving me." Qal Active Participle masculine plural with 1cs suffix, mirroring le-son'ay (to those hating me) in v.5. The two groups are defined by their relationship to God: those who love Him vs. those who hate Him.
- u-le-shomrey mitsvotay (וּלְשֹׁמְרֵי מִצְוֹתָי) -- "and to those keeping my commandments." The participle shomrey (construct plural) defines love for God in practical terms: keeping His commandments. This connects to 1 John 5:3 ("this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments").
- Structural symmetry: v.5 and v.6 form a contrasting pair:
- Hating God -> visiting iniquity -> 3rd-4th generation
- Loving God + keeping commandments -> doing hesed -> thousands