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The Ten Commandments Deep Dive: What Does the Bible Say?

A comprehensive 17-study biblical investigation examining what Scripture teaches about each of the Ten Commandments -- origin, meaning, Hebrew and Greek word studies, OT application, prophetic expansion, NT treatment, and cross-references from Genesis to Revelation.


The Question

What does the Bible actually say about the Ten Commandments? Not what tradition says, not what any denomination assumes -- but what the text itself states, from the first giving at Sinai through the prophets, the Psalms, the teachings of Jesus, and the letters of the apostles.

The Approach

This is an expository series, not a debate. There are no "positions" to argue. Each of the 17 studies is a genuine investigation that gathers ALL relevant evidence and lets the biblical text speak for itself. No study presupposed its conclusion. Evidence was classified into hierarchical tiers:

  • Explicit (E): What the text directly says -- a quote or close paraphrase
  • Necessary Implication (N): What unavoidably follows from explicit statements
  • Inference (four types):
    • I-A (Evidence-Extending): Systematizes E/N items using only the text's own vocabulary
    • I-B (Competing-Evidence): Both sides cite E/N support; resolved by Scripture-interprets-Scripture
    • I-C (Compatible External): External reasoning that does not contradict E/N
    • I-D (Counter-Evidence External): External concepts that require overriding E/N statements

Hierarchy: E > N > I-A > I-B (resolved by SIS) > I-C > I-D

Read the Methodology Skip to the Comprehensive Synthesis


The 17 Studies

Introduction

What are the Ten Commandments? Where did they come from? What makes them unique in all of Scripture?

# Study Question
01 The Decalogue: Origin, Context, and Character What is unique about the Ten Commandments' origin? How were they given, and what does their form reveal about their character?

The Ten Commandments

One study per commandment, tracing each from its original Hebrew through the prophets, the Psalms, Jesus' teaching, and the apostolic letters.

# Study Commandment
02 No Other Gods Before Me "Thou shalt have no other gods before me" (Exodus 20:3)
03 No Graven Images "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image" (Exodus 20:4-6)
04 Do Not Take God's Name in Vain "Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain" (Exodus 20:7)
05 Remember the Sabbath Day "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy" (Exodus 20:8-11)
06 Honor Your Father and Mother "Honour thy father and thy mother" (Exodus 20:12)
07 Do Not Murder "Thou shalt not kill" (Exodus 20:13)
08 Do Not Commit Adultery "Thou shalt not commit adultery" (Exodus 20:14)
09 Do Not Steal "Thou shalt not steal" (Exodus 20:15)
10 Do Not Bear False Witness "Thou shalt not bear false witness" (Exodus 20:16)
11 Do Not Covet "Thou shalt not covet" (Exodus 20:17)

Thematic Synthesis

How do the commandments connect to the broader themes of love, the heart, the Spirit, and grace?

# Study Question
12 How Does Love Fulfill the Law? What does Paul mean when he says "love is the fulfilling of the law"? How do the two great commandments relate to the Ten?
13 The Law Written on the Heart What does the New Covenant promise about writing the law on the heart? How does this relate to Sinai?
14 The Spirit and the Law What does it mean to walk in the Spirit? How does the Spirit relate to obedience to the commandments?
15 Faith, Grace, and Obedience Does faith establish or abolish the law? What is the relationship between grace and obedience?

Comprehensive Synthesis

# Study Question
16 Comprehensive Synthesis Taking ALL the evidence together from 15 studies, what does the Bible teach about the Ten Commandments?

Supplementary Studies

Focused deep dives that extend the main series with sustained investigation of specific connections.

# Study Question
17 If You Love Me, Keep My Commandments What commandments is Jesus referring to in John 14:15? How does it parallel Exodus 20:6? Trace the love-commandments formula across Scripture with Greek grammar analysis and Christological argument.

What Each Study Contains

Every study includes multiple layers of research, all accessible through the navigation:

File Contents
Simple Conclusion A plain-language summary of the study's findings -- no technical jargon or evidence tables
Conclusion The final evidence classification with Explicit/Necessary Implication/Inference tables (4-type taxonomy), tally, and "What CAN/CANNOT Be Said"
Analysis Verse-by-verse analysis, identified patterns, connections between passages
Verses Full KJV text for every passage examined, organized thematically
Word Studies Hebrew and Greek word studies with Strong's numbers, semantic ranges, and parsing
Topics Nave's Topical Bible entries and key research findings
Research Scope The original research question and scope that guided the investigation
Raw Data Nave's topic output, Strong's lookups, Hebrew/Greek parsing, cross-testament parallels, concept context

Evidence Summary

The comprehensive synthesis (Study 16) drew from the full body of evidence across all 15 prior studies. Study 17 adds supplementary evidence on the love-commandments formula. The tallies below reflect the complete 17-study series.

Evidence Classification (All Studies)

Tier Count
Explicit (E) 840
Necessary Implication (N) 128
I-A (Evidence-Extending) 80
I-B (Competing-Evidence) 6
I-C (Compatible External) 0
I-D (Counter-Evidence External) 0
Total 1,054

All 1,054 evidence items are classified as Neutral -- this is an expository series reporting what the text says, not a debate between positions. Evidence is categorized by type: Commandment Scope, Word Study, Biblical Application, NT Treatment, Theological Significance, and Cross-Commandment.

Read the Full Synthesis