Raw Strong's Lookups¶
Study: Salvation Before Jesus¶
Generated: 2026-03-13¶
================================================================================ G4991 — SOTERIA (salvation) ================================================================================ Transliteration: sōtēría Pronunciation: so-tay-ree Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 45
Definition: -ah; feminine of a derivative of as (properly, abstract) noun; rescue
Outline of Biblical Usage: Isaiah 45:17; 49:8 Mark 16 Luke 1:69; 1:71; 1:77; 19:9 John 4:22 Acts 4:12; 7:25; 13:26; 13:47; 16:17; 27:34 Romans 1:16; 10:1; 10:10; 11:11; 13:11 2 Corinthians 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 Ephesians 1:13 Philippians 1:19; 1:28; 2:12 1 Thessalonians 5:8; 5:9 2 Thessalonians 2:13 2 Timothy 2:10; 3:15 Hebrews 1:14; 2:3; 2:10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28; 11:7 1 Peter 1:5; 1:9; 1:10; 2:2 2 Peter 3:15 Jude 1:3 Revelation 7:10; 12:10; 19:1
================================================================================ G4102 — PISTIS (faith) ================================================================================ Transliteration: pístis Pronunciation: pis-tis Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 244
Definition: from ; persuasion, i.e. credence; moral conviction (of religious truth)
Key occurrences for this study: Romans 1:17 (just shall live by faith) Romans 3:22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31 (justification by faith) Romans 4:5, 9, 11, 14, 16 (Abraham's faith) Galatians 3:7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 23, 24 (faith = Abrahamic inheritance) Hebrews 11:1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 17, 30, 31, 33, 39 (Hall of Faith)
Translated as 'faith' (153 times) — including: Rom 1:8, 1:17, 3:3, 3:22, 3:25, 3:30, 3:31, 4:5, 4:9, 4:11, 4:14, 4:16, 5:1, Gal 1:23, 3:7, 3:8, 3:9, 3:11, 3:12, 3:14, 3:22, 3:23, 3:24, 3:26, 5:5, 5:6, Eph 2:8, Heb 10:38, 11:1, 11:3, 11:6, 11:7, 11:11, 11:13, 11:17, 11:30, 11:31, 11:39
================================================================================ G1343 — DIKAIOSYNE (righteousness) ================================================================================ Transliteration: dikaiosýnē Pronunciation: dik-ah-yos-oo-nay Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 92
Definition: -nay; from ; equity (of character or act); specially (Christian) justification
Key occurrences: Romans 1:17; 3:5, 21, 22, 25; 4:3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 22 (righteousness by faith) Galatians 2:21; 3:6; 3:21 (righteousness not from law) Hebrews 11:7, 33 (righteousness through faith by OT saints) Philippians 3:9 (righteousness from God by faith, not from law)
Also appears in LXX at Daniel 4:24 — OT/NT linkage
================================================================================ G2435 — HILASTERION (propitiation/mercy seat) ================================================================================ Transliteration: hilastḗrion Pronunciation: hil-as-tay-ree-on Part of Speech: neuter noun (n) BLB Count: 2 (NT); plus LXX uses
Definition: neuter of a derivative of ; an expiatory (place or thing), i.e. (concretely) an atoning victim, or (specially) the lid of the Ark
Outline of Biblical Usage: [LXX] Exodus 25:17; 25:18; 37:6; 38:7 Leviticus 16:2 [NT] Romans 3:25; Hebrews 9:5
SIGNIFICANCE: This word is used in LXX for kapporeth (H3727 = mercy seat in the tabernacle), and Paul uses the same word in ROM 3:25 to describe Christ. "Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation [hilasterion]." Paul is explicitly identifying Christ as the antitype of the mercy seat — the place where atonement was made on the Day of Atonement.
================================================================================ G5485 — CHARIS (grace) ================================================================================ Transliteration: cháris Pronunciation: khar-ece Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 156
Definition: from ; graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart, and its reflection in the life)
Key salvation-related occurrences: Romans 3:24 (justified freely by his grace) Romans 4:4, 16 (grace vs. debt) Romans 5:2, 15, 17, 20, 21 (grace abounds) Ephesians 2:5, 7 (by grace saved) 2 Timothy 1:9 (grace given in Christ before world began) Titus 2:11 (grace of God that bringeth salvation)
================================================================================ H3444 — YESHUAH (salvation) ================================================================================ Transliteration: yᵉshûwʻâh Pronunciation: yesh-oo-aw Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 78
Definition: -aw; feminine passive participle of ; something saved, i.e. (abstractly) deliverance; hence, aid, victory, prosperity:—deliverance, health, help(-ing), salvation, save, saving (health), welfare.
Key occurrences: Psalms 3:3, 9:15, 13:6, 20:6, 35:9, 62:2, 67:3, 68:20 Isaiah 12:2, 12:3, 25:9, 26:1, 33:2, 49:6, 51:6, 51:8, 52:7, 52:10, 56:1 Note: This word is etymologically related to Yeshua (Jesus) — the name means "YHWH is salvation"
================================================================================ H0530 — EMUNAH (faithfulness/faith) ================================================================================ [Lexicon data not found in database; Strong's H530]
Definition from external reference: emunah: from aman (H539); literally, firmness; figuratively, security, moral fidelity, truth, integrity; translated as: faith, truth, faithfulness, steadiness, stability
This is the word used in HAB 2:4: "the just shall live by his emunah" It is the OT equivalent of Greek pistis (G4102) Root: H539 aman — to be firm, to be established, to trust
================================================================================ H6666 — TSEDAQAH (righteousness) ================================================================================ Transliteration: tsᵉdâqâh Pronunciation: tsed-aw-kaw Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 157
Definition: from ; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity):—justice, moderately, right(-eous) (act, -ly, -ness).
Key occurrences for this study: Genesis 15:6 (counted for tsedaqah — righteousness) Deuteronomy 6:25 (obedience counted as righteousness) Psalms 71:16, 106:31 Isaiah 45:24, 54:17, 56:1 Daniel 9:7, 9:16, 9:18
LXX Mapping (H6666 → G1343): Primary LXX Greek translation: G1343 dikaiosýnē (count 129, PMI 6.30, score 30.69) — This is the SAME Greek word Paul uses in ROM 4:3 for "righteousness" — Confirms that Paul's use of "righteousness" (G1343) in his Abraham argument is the DIRECT equivalent of the OT tsedaqah in GEN 15:6
================================================================================ H3722 — KAPHAR (atonement/cover) ================================================================================ Transliteration: kâphar Pronunciation: kaw-far Part of Speech: verb (v) BLB Count: 102
Definition: a primitive root; to cover (specifically with bitumen); figuratively, to expiate or condone, to placate or cancel:—appease, make (an atonement, cleanse, disannul, forgive, be merciful, pacify, pardon, purge (away), put off, (make) reconcile(-liation).
Key occurrences: Genesis 6:14 (pitch/cover the ark — same root) Leviticus 1:4; 4:20,26; 5:6,10,13,16,18 (sacrificial atonement) Leviticus 16:6,10,11,16,17,18,20,24,27,30,32,33,34 (Day of Atonement) Leviticus 17:11 (blood makes atonement/kaphar for the soul) Daniel 9:24 (make reconciliation for iniquity) Total: 102 occurrences across Pentateuch and Prophets
================================================================================ H2803 — CHASHAB (counted/imputed) ================================================================================ Transliteration: châshab Pronunciation: khaw-shab Part of Speech: verb (v) BLB Count: 124
Definition: a primitive root; properly, to plait or interpenetrate; figuratively, to think, regard, value, compute:—(make) account (of), conceive, consider, count, cunning, devise, esteem, find out, forecast, hold, imagine, impute, invent, be like, mean, purpose, reckon(-ing be made), regard, think.
Key occurrences for this study: Genesis 15:6 — "it was chashab to him for righteousness" (COUNTED/IMPUTED) Psalms 32:2 — "the LORD imputeth not iniquity" (quoted by Paul in ROM 4:8) Psalms 106:31 — "it was counted (chashab) to him for righteousness unto all generations" (Phinehas's zeal — same vocabulary as GEN 15:6)
The verb is in Qal Wayyiqtol (narrative past) form in GEN 15:6: וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ Paul's NT equivalent is λογίζομαι (logizomai, G3049) — same concept of crediting/ reckoning — used 11 times in ROM 4 alone.
================================================================================ H0539 — AMAN (believed/faithful) ================================================================================ [Lexicon data not found in database; Strong's H539]
Definition from external reference: aman: a primitive root; to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively, to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally, to be true or certain. Translations: believe, be faithful, established, sure, trust.
In GEN 15:6: הֶאֱמִ֖ן (he'emin) — Hiphil perfect 3ms form of aman = "he caused to be firm" → "he trusted in" → "he believed" Root of: emunah (H530, faithfulness/faith in HAB 2:4) emet (H571, truth/faithfulness) amen — the universal expression of confirmation
This word is translated as "believed" in GEN 15:6 — and that believing was "counted for righteousness" — the same verb root that underlies the OT's concept of faithfulness/steadfastness.
================================================================================ G463 — ANOCHE (forbearance) ================================================================================ Transliteration: anochḗ Pronunciation: an-okh-ay Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 2
Definition: from ; self-restraint, i.e. tolerance:—forbearance.
Biblical Usage: Romans 2:4 (the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering) Romans 3:25-26 (for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God; to declare at this time his righteousness)
SIGNIFICANCE: In ROM 3:25, Paul says Christ was set forth as a propitiation "through the forbearance of God" (en te anoche tou theou). This "forbearance" was God's patient holding of OT sins in suspension — not ignoring them, but restraining final judgment until Christ provided the actual atonement. The two uses of anoche (ROM 2:4 and ROM 3:25) together show that God's longsuffering patience with sins is ultimately grounded in Christ's atoning work.
================================================================================ G4283 — PROEUANGELIZOMAI (preached before the gospel) ================================================================================ Transliteration: proeuangelízomai Pronunciation: pro-yoo-ang-ghel-id-zom-ahee Part of Speech: verb (v) BLB Count: 1 (appears ONLY once in the entire NT)
Definition: middle voice from and ; to announce glad news in advance
Biblical Usage: Galatians 3:8 ONLY
SIGNIFICANCE: This is a unique compound word — pro (before) + euangelizo (preach the gospel). Paul states "the scripture foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, PREACHED BEFORE THE GOSPEL unto Abraham." The gospel was proactively proclaimed to Abraham BEFORE Christ. This means Abraham received the same gospel — the good news of justification by faith — that Paul preaches in the NT. The mechanisms are identical; only the timing differs.
================================================================================ H2319 — CHADASH (new) ================================================================================ Transliteration: châdâsh Pronunciation: khaw-dawsh Part of Speech: adjective (adj) BLB Count: 53
Definition: from ; new:—fresh, new thing.
Key occurrences: Jeremiah 31:31 — "new covenant" (berith chadashah) Isaiah 42:9; 43:19; 65:17; 66:22 — "new things" God is doing Ezekiel 11:19; 18:31; 36:26 — "new heart/spirit" Lamentations 3:23 — mercies "new every morning" Psalms 33:3; 40:4; 96:1; 98:1; 144:9; 149:1 — "new song" Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 — "there is no new thing under the sun"
SIGNIFICANCE: The word chadash can mean "fresh/renewed" as well as "brand new/ unprecedented." In Lam 3:23 it refers to mercies that are "new" every morning — clearly renewal, not creation ex nihilo. In Jer 31:31, the new covenant features elements that build on, internalize, and fulfill the Abrahamic covenant — not replace it wholesale. The "newness" is in administration (better promises, Spirit-written law, universal access) rather than in the fundamental basis (faith in God's provision for sin).
================================================================================ H3727 — KAPPORETH (mercy seat) ================================================================================ Transliteration: kappôreth Pronunciation: kap-po-reth Part of Speech: feminine noun (n-f) BLB Count: 27
Definition: from ; a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred Ark):—mercy seat.
All occurrences: Exodus 25:17-22; 26:34; 30:6; 31:7; 35:12; 37:6-9; 39:35; 40:20; Leviticus 16:2,13,14,15; Numbers 7:89; 1 Chronicles 28:11
SIGNIFICANCE: The kapporeth (mercy seat) was the golden lid of the Ark of the Covenant. This was the location where the high priest sprinkled blood on the Day of Atonement (LEV 16:14-15) to make atonement for Israel. The Greek LXX translates kapporeth as hilasterion (G2435). Paul uses the SAME Greek word (hilasterion) in ROM 3:25 to describe Christ: "Whom God hath set forth to be a hilasterion [mercy seat/propitiation]." This is the strongest possible lexical bridge between OT and NT atonement: Christ IS the kapporeth — the place where God meets sinful humanity through blood atonement. OT worshippers approaching the mercy seat were approaching the same atoning reality as NT believers approaching Christ.