Raw Greek and Hebrew Parsing Results

Study: Salvation Before Jesus

Generated: 2026-03-13

================================================================================ HEBREW PARSING ================================================================================

--- Genesis 15:6 --- Hebrew Text: וְהֶאֱמִ֖ן בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ לֹּ֖ו צְדָקָֽה׃

Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss

וְ ו Conj.+NAN and הֶאֱמִ֖ן אמן Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms be firm בַּֽ ב Prep in יהוָ֑ה יהוה PropN.ms.Abs.+NAN YHWH וַ ו Conj.+NAN and יַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ חשׁב Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms.+3fs account לֹּ֖ו ל Prep.+3ms to צְדָקָֽה צדקה Noun.fs.Abs justice

KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. הֶאֱמִ֖ן (he'emin) = Hiphil Perfect 3ms of אמן (aman) - Hiphil stem indicates causative: "he caused to be firm" = "he trusted/believed" - This is the root of emunah (H530, faithfulness/faith) and amen - Perfect tense = completed action: Abraham's belief was a definite act 2. וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ (wayyachshebeh-a) = Qal Wayyiqtol 3ms + 3fs suffix of חשׁב (chashab) - The 3fs suffix refers back to his faith/believing (feminine concept) - "And He counted IT (his faith) to him" - The verb chashab means to reckon, account, impute — an accounting term - This is the OT basis for Paul's NT logizomai (G3049) in ROM 4 3. צְדָקָֽה (tsedaqah) = Noun, feminine singular absolute of צדקה - Means "righteousness, justice, rightness" - LXX translates this as dikaiosyne (G1343) — Paul's same word in ROM 4:3

--- Habakkuk 2:4 --- Hebrew Text: הִנֵּ֣ה עֻפְּלָ֔ה לֹא־יָשְׁרָ֥ה נַפְשֹׁ֖ו בֹּ֑ו וְצַדִּ֖יק בֶּאֱמוּנָתֹ֥ו יִחְיֶֽה׃

Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss

הִנֵּ֣ה הנה Interj behold עֻפְּלָ֔ה עפל Verb.Pual.Perf.3fs be heedless לֹא לא Neg.+NAN not יָשְׁרָ֥ה ישׁר Verb.Qal.Perf.3fs be right נַפְשֹׁ֖ו נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms soul בֹּ֑ו ב Prep.+3ms in וְ ו Conj.+NAN and צַדִּ֖יק צדיק Adj.ms.Abs just בֶּ ב Prep in אֱמוּנָתֹ֥ו אמונה Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms steadiness יִחְיֶֽה חיה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms be alive

KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. צַדִּ֖יק (tsaddiq) = Adjective, "just/righteous person" 2. אֱמוּנָתֹ֥ו (emunato) = Noun.fs with 3ms suffix - Root: אמונה (emunah) = faithfulness, steadiness, stability - Same root as aman (H539) from GEN 15:6 (believed) - The suffix "his" = "by HIS faithfulness/faith" - Translation: "the just shall live by HIS faithfulness" 3. יִחְיֶֽה (yichyeh) = Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms = "shall live/be alive" - This is the OT statement Paul quotes in ROM 1:17 and GAL 3:11 - and that HEB 10:38 quotes

--- Isaiah 53:11 --- Hebrew Text: מֵעֲמַ֤ל נַפְשֹׁו֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה יִשְׂבָּ֔ע בְּדַעְתֹּ֗ו יַצְדִּ֥יק צַדִּ֛יק עַבְדִּ֖י לָֽרַבִּ֑ים

Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss

יַצְדִּ֥יק צדק Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms be just צַדִּ֛יק צדיק Adj.ms.Abs just עַבְדִּ֖י עבד Noun.ms.Abs.+1us servant לָֽ ל Prep to רַבִּ֑ים רב Adj.mp.Abs much עֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם עון Noun.mp.Abs.+3mp sin ה֥וּא הוא PersPron.3ms.+NAN he יִסְבֹּֽל סבל Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms bear

KEY: yatsdiq = Hiphil of tsadak = "cause to be righteous/justify" The Servant JUSTIFIES (causes to be righteous) THE MANY by BEARING their sins (yisbol, Qal impf 3ms of sabal) This is OT justification by substitutionary bearing of sin

--- Leviticus 17:11 --- Hebrew Text: כִּ֣י נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר֮ בַּדָּ֣ם הִוא֒ ...לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הַדָּ֥ם ה֖וּא בַּנֶּ֥פֶשׁ יְכַפֵּֽר׃

Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss

כַפֵּ֖ר כפר Verb.Piel.InfCon cover יְכַפֵּֽר כפר Verb.Piel.Impf.3ms cover

KEY: kaphar (kaw-far) = Piel stem = intensified action of covering/atoning "For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to MAKE ATONEMENT [l'kaper] for your souls: for it is the blood that MAKETH ATONEMENT [yekapper] for the soul." The Piel of kaphar = intensive covering/atoning = complete expiation

--- Jeremiah 31:31 --- Hebrew Text: ...וְכָרַתִּ֗י אֶת־בֵּ֧ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל...בְּרִ֥ית חֲדָשָֽׁה׃

Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss

כָרַתִּ֗י כרת Verb.Qal.Perf.1s cut בְּרִ֥ית ברית Noun.fs.Abs covenant חֲדָשָֽׁה חדשׁ Adj.fs.Abs new

KEY: berith (covenant) + chadash (new/renewed) "I will CUT a NEW COVENANT" Berith is karat (cut) — the blood covenant making ceremony Chadash can mean fresh/renewed (as in Lam 3:23 "new every morning") The new covenant in JER 31 features: law internalized (not new law), universal knowledge of God, forgiveness of sin — but the same God, the same people, the same faith-relationship

================================================================================ GREEK PARSING ================================================================================

--- Romans 3:25 --- Greek Text: ὃν προέθετο ὁ Θεὸς ἱλαστήριον διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι, εἰς ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν τῶν προγεγονότων ἁμαρτημάτων

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

ὃν ὅς G3739 [R-ASM] Acc Sg M προέθετο προτίθημι G4388 [V-2AMI-3S] Aor Mid Ind ὁ Θεὸς θεός G2316 God (subject) ἱλαστήριον ἱλαστήριος G2435 [N-ASN] propitiation/mercy seat διὰ πίστεως διά + πίστις G1223+G4102 through faith ἐν τῷ αἵματι ἐν + αἷμα G1722+G129 in his blood ἔνδειξιν ἔνδειξις G1732 demonstration/declaration δικαιοσύνης δικαιοσύνη G1343 righteousness πάρεσιν πάρεσις G3929 passing over/remission προγεγονότων προγίνομαι G4266 [V-2RAP-GPN] Perf Act Ptcp — having previously occurred ἁμαρτημάτων ἁμάρτημα G265 sins (individual acts)

KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. ἱλαστήριον (hilasterion, G2435) = "propitiation/mercy seat" This is the SAME word used in LXX for kapporeth (H3727 = mercy seat) Paul identifies Christ as the antitype of the OT mercy seat 2. πάρεσιν (paresin, G3929) = "passing over, remission, suspension" Different from aphesis (forgiveness) — this is a TEMPORARY DEFERRING of punishment while Christ had not yet appeared 3. προγεγονότων (progegonoton, G4266) = Perfect Active Participle, Genitive Plural Neuter = "of sins having previously occurred" This EXPLICITLY refers to OT-era sins that were passed over 4. The phrase: "for the remission of PAST SINS through the FORBEARANCE of God" = God held OT sins in suspension (anoche), grounded in Christ's future work

--- Romans 4:3 --- Greek Text: Ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην.

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

Ἐπίστευσεν πιστεύω G4100 [V-AAI-3S] Aor Act Ind Sg 3rd = "Abraham believed" (completed act) ἐλογίσθη λογίζομαι G3049 [V-API-3S] Aor Pass Ind Sg 3rd = "it was reckoned/counted/imputed" (passive = God did the reckoning) εἰς δικαιοσύνην εἰς + G1343 → "for/unto righteousness"

KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. ἐλογίσθη (elogisthe) = Aorist Passive of logizomai The PASSIVE indicates: GOD did the reckoning/counting This is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew chashab (H2803) from GEN 15:6 Paul uses logizomai 11 times in Romans 4 alone 2. The aorist tense = a single, completed act of divine reckoning 3. This exact quotation appears in ROM 4:3 AND GAL 3:6 AND JAS 2:23 Three NT authors independently cite GEN 15:6 as foundational

--- Galatians 3:8 --- Greek Text: προϊδοῦσα δὲ ἡ γραφὴ ὅτι ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοῖ τὰ ἔθνη ὁ Θεὸς, προευηγγελίσατο τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ὅτι Ἐνευλογηθήσονται ἐν σοὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

προϊδοῦσα προοράω G4308 [V-2AAP-NSF] Aor Act Ptcp = "having foreseen" The Scripture is personified — it FORESAW δικαιοῖ δικαιόω G1344 [V-PAI-3S] Pres Act Ind 3rd = "justifies" (present tense = ongoing reality) προευηγγελίσατο προευαγγελίζομαι G4283 [V-ADI-3S] Aor Mid Ind 3rd = "preached before the gospel" This word appears ONLY here in the NT

KEY: προευηγγελίσατο is the unique word "pre-evangelized" = preached the gospel in advance. God preached the SAME gospel to Abraham that Paul now preaches. The content: "In thee shall all nations be blessed" = justification by faith.

--- Hebrews 11:1 --- Greek Text: Ἔστιν δὲ πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων.

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

πίστις πίστις G4102 [N-NSF] Faith (subject) ἐλπιζομένων ἐλπίζω G1679 [V-PPP-GPN] Present Pass Ptcp = "of things being hoped for" ὑπόστασις ὑπόστασις G5287 [N-NSF] substance/foundation/title deed πραγμάτων πρᾶγμα G4229 [N-GPN] matters/things ἔλεγχος ἔλεγχος G1650 [N-NSM] evidence/conviction/proof βλεπομένων βλέπω G991 [V-PPP-GPN] of things not seen

KEY: 1. ὑπόστασις (hupostasis, G5287) = "substance/foundation" — more than feeling; it means the underlying reality, the title deed to what is hoped for 2. ἔλεγχος (elegchos, G1650) = "evidence/conviction" — a legal term for proof Faith is defined as SUBSTANTIVE EVIDENCE for what is not yet visible OT saints had this same faith — substance in the promises, not yet fulfilled

--- Hebrews 11:13 --- Greek Text: Κατὰ πίστιν ἀπέθανον οὗτοι πάντες, μὴ κομισάμενοι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας, ἀλλὰ πόρρωθεν αὐτὰς ἰδόντες καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

Κατὰ πίστιν κατά + πίστις G2596+G4102 "according to faith" ἀπέθανον ἀποθνῄσκω G599 Aor Act Ind 3P = "they died" κομισάμενοι κομίζω G2865 Aor Mid Ptcp = "having received" ἐπαγγελίας ἐπαγγελία G1860 promises ἰδόντες ὁράω G3708 Aor Act Ptcp = "having seen" ἀσπασάμενοι ἀσπάζομαι G782 Aor Mid Ptcp = "having embraced/greeted" (ἀσπάζομαι = warmly greet/welcome)

KEY: 1. "According to faith they died" (kata pistin apethanon) — faith characterized their entire lives and deaths 2. "Not having received the promises" — they died before fulfillment 3. "But having seen them from afar" — they perceived the promises at a distance 4. ἀσπασάμενοι (aspasameni) = "having embraced" — warm, affectionate greeting They WELCOMED the promises even from a distance — genuine faith embrace

--- Hebrews 11:26 --- Greek Text: τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

ὀνειδισμὸν ὀνειδισμός G3680 [N-ASM] reproach/insult τοῦ Χριστοῦ Χριστός G5547 [N-GSM] Gen Sg = "OF CHRIST"

KEY: Moses is said to have esteemed "the reproach OF CHRIST" greater riches than Egypt's treasures. The author of Hebrews uses the proper name "Christos" (the anointed one, Christ) in reference to Moses' OT context. This is a direct identification: Moses was suffering reproach associated with the same Christ who was to come. Moses consciously connected his suffering with the promised Messiah/Christ figure.

--- Hebrews 9:15 --- Greek Text: ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

ἀπολύτρωσιν ἀπολύτρωσις G629 [N-ASF] redemption/release by ransom τῶν παραβάσεων παράβασις G3847 [N-GPF] Gen Pl = transgressions ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπί + πρῶτος G1909+G4413 "under the first" διαθήκῃ διαθήκη G1242 [N-DSF] covenant/testament

KEY: "For the REDEMPTION OF THE TRANSGRESSIONS UNDER THE FIRST COVENANT" Christ's death explicitly redeemed OT (first covenant) transgressions. His mediation of the NEW covenant included redemption BACKWARD in time for those under the OLD covenant.

--- 2 Timothy 1:9 --- Greek Text: πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων (pro chronon aionion)

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

πρὸ πρό G4253 [PREP] before χρόνων χρόνος G5550 [N-GPM] Gen Pl = times/ages αἰωνίων αἰώνιος G166 [A-GPM] eternal/everlasting

Full phrase: "which was given us in Christ Jesus BEFORE ETERNAL AGES" Grace was not merely planned before creation — it was given/determined in Christ BEFORE ETERNAL AGES. Salvation was not a reaction but an eternal purpose. This makes the means of salvation eternally fixed.

--- Acts 10:43 --- Greek Text: τούτῳ πάντες οἱ προφῆται μαρτυροῦσιν, ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν λαβεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ πάντα τὸν πιστεύοντα εἰς αὐτόν.

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

πάντες οἱ προφῆται πᾶς + προφήτης G3956+G4396 ALL the prophets μαρτυροῦσιν μαρτυρέω G3140 [V-PAI-3P] bear witness (present tense) ἄφεσιν ἄφεσις G859 [N-ASF] forgiveness/remission πιστεύοντα πιστεύω G4100 [V-PAP-ASM] Pres Act Ptcp = believing

KEY: "To him ALL THE PROPHETS bear witness, that through his name everyone who BELIEVES in him receives forgiveness of sins." ALL the prophets — the entire OT prophetic tradition — witness to forgiveness through Christ. The present tense "believes" (pisteuonta) = anyone at any time who believes receives forgiveness through the same Christ.

--- 1 Corinthians 10:4 --- Greek Text: ἡ πέτρα δὲ ἦν ὁ Χριστός

Word Lemma Strong Parsing

πέτρα πέτρα G4073 [N-NSF] rock δὲ δέ G1161 conjunctive = "and/but" ἦν εἰμί G1510 [V-IAI-3S] Impf Act Ind = "WAS" ὁ Χριστός Χριστός G5547 [N-NSM] = Christ (the Messiah)

KEY: "and that Rock WAS Christ" (imperfect tense = ongoing reality in the past) The Rock that accompanied Israel in the wilderness WAS (already) Christ. Paul identifies the preincarnate Christ as the source of Israel's spiritual sustenance. This shows Christ's presence and provision for OT Israel was the SAME as for NT believers — they drank from the same spiritual source.