Raw Greek Parsing Data¶

Mark 7:1-5 (Setup/Context)¶

Mark 7:1¶

Greek: Καὶ συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
Καὶ	καί	G2532	CONJ
συνάγονται	συνάγω	G4863	V-PPI-3P Pres Pass Ind Pl 3rd
πρὸς	πρός	G4314	PREP
αὐτὸν	αὐτός	G846	P-ASM Acc Sg M
οἱ	ὁ	G3588	T-NPM Nom Pl M
Φαρισαῖοι	Φαρισαῖος	G5330	N-NPM Nom Pl M
καί	καί	G2532	CONJ
τινες	τὶς	G5100	X-NPM Nom Pl M
τῶν	ὁ	G3588	T-GPM Gen Pl M
γραμματέων	γραμματεύς	G1122	N-GPM Gen Pl M
ἐλθόντες	ἔρχομαι	G2064	V-2AAP-NPM Aor Act Ptcp Nom Pl M
ἀπὸ	ἀπό	G575	PREP
Ἱεροσολύμων	Ἱεροσόλυμα	G2414	N-GPN Gen Pl N

Mark 7:2¶

Greek: καὶ ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις, ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
κοιναῖς	κοινός	G2839	A-DPF Dat Pl F
χερσίν	χείρ	G5495	N-DPF Dat Pl F
τοῦτ' ἔστιν	--	--	"that is to say"
ἀνίπτοις	ἄνιπτος	G449	A-DPF Dat Pl F (unwashed)
ἐσθίουσιν	ἐσθίω	G2068	V-PAI-3P Pres Act Ind Pl 3rd
ἄρτους	ἄρτος	G740	N-APM Acc Pl M (bread)

Note: κοιναῖς (common/defiled) is DEFINED by ἀνίπτοις (unwashed). Mark explicitly glosses "defiled" as "unwashed."

Mark 7:3¶

Greek: οἱ γὰρ Φαρισαῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν, κρατοῦντες τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing	Significance
πυγμῇ	πυγμή	G4435	N-DSF Dat Sg F	"with the fist" (manner of washing)
νίψωνται	νίπτω	G3538	V-AMS-3P Aor Mid Subj	wash (hands specifically)
κρατοῦντες	κρατέω	G2902	V-PAP-NPM Pres Act Ptcp	"holding fast to"
παράδοσιν	παράδοσις	G3862	N-ASF Acc Sg F	"tradition"
πρεσβυτέρων	πρεσβύτερος	G4245	A-GPM Gen Pl M	"of the elders"

Mark 7:4¶

Greek: καὶ ἀπ' ἀγορᾶς ἐὰν μὴ ῥαντίσωνται οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν, καὶ ἄλλα πολλά ἐστιν ἃ παρέλαβον κρατεῖν, βαπτισμοὺς ποτηρίων καὶ ξεστῶν καὶ χαλκίων

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing	Significance
ἀγορᾶς	ἀγορά	G58	N-GSF Gen Sg F	marketplace
ῥαντίσωνται	ῥαντίζω	G4472	V-AMS-3P Aor Mid Subj	sprinkle/wash
ἄλλα πολλά	--	--	A-NPN Nom Pl N	"many other things"
βαπτισμοὺς	βαπτισμός	G909	N-APM Acc Pl M	"washings" (ritual immersions)
ποτηρίων	ποτήριον	G4221	N-GPN Gen Pl N	cups
ξεστῶν	ξέστης	G3582	N-GPM Gen Pl M	pots/pitchers
χαλκίων	χαλκίον	G5473	N-GPN Gen Pl N	copper/brazen vessels

Note: "Many other things" (ἄλλα πολλά) -- confirms Bohr's claim about broadening phrases. The traditions extend beyond handwashing to washing cups, pots, and brazen vessels.

Mark 7:5¶

Greek: καὶ ἐπερωτῶσιν αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι... Διὰ τί οὐ περιπατοῦσιν οἱ μαθηταί σου κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ἀλλὰ κοιναῖς χερσὶν ἐσθίουσιν τὸν ἄρτον;

Key vocabulary: παράδοσιν (G3862, tradition), κοιναῖς (G2839, common/defiled), ἐσθίουσιν (eat), ἄρτον (bread)

The question is explicit: Why don't your disciples walk according to the TRADITION of the elders, but eat bread with COMMON/DEFILED hands?

Mark 7:6-7 (Isaiah 29:13 Quotation)¶

Mark 7:6¶

Key: ὑποκριτῶν (G5273, hypocrites), καρδία (G2588, heart), πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ (far from me)

Mark 7:7¶

Key: μάτην (G3155, in vain), σέβονταί (G4576, worship), διδάσκοντες (teaching), ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων (G1778, commandments of men)

Note: ἐντάλματα (G1778) is a different word from ἐντολή (G1785). Here it means "precepts/ordinances" -- human rules imposed as if divine.

Mark 7:8-9 (Entole/Paradosis Contrast)¶

Mark 7:8¶

Greek: ἀφέντες τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ κρατεῖτε τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing	Significance
ἀφέντες	ἀφίημι	G863	V-2AAP-NPM Aor Act Ptcp	"having left/abandoned"
ἐντολὴν	ἐντολή	G1785	N-ASF Acc Sg F	"commandment"
τοῦ Θεοῦ	θεός	G2316	N-GSM Gen Sg M	"of God"
κρατεῖτε	κρατέω	G2902	V-PAI-2P Pres Act Ind	"you hold fast to"
παράδοσιν	παράδοσις	G3862	N-ASF Acc Sg F	"tradition"
τῶν ἀνθρώπων	ἄνθρωπος	G444	N-GPM Gen Pl M	"of men"

Explicit contrast: entolē tou theou (commandment of God) vs. paradosis tōn anthrōpōn (tradition of men)

Mark 7:9¶

Greek: καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς Καλῶς ἀθετεῖτε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν τηρήσητε.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Significance
Καλῶς	καλῶς	G2573	"well/nicely" (sarcasm: "Fine job!")
ἀθετεῖτε	ἀθετέω	G114	"you reject/set aside"
ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ	--	G1785/G2316	commandment of God
ἵνα	ἵνα	G2443	"in order that" (purpose clause)
παράδοσιν ὑμῶν	--	G3862	your tradition
τηρήσητε	τηρέω	G5083	"you might keep" (Aor Act Subj)

Mark 7:13¶

Greek: ἀκυροῦντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ παραδόσει ὑμῶν ᾗ παρεδώκατε· καὶ παρόμοια τοιαῦτα πολλὰ ποιεῖτε.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Significance
ἀκυροῦντες	ἀκυρόω	G208	"making void/nullifying"
λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	--	G3056/G2316	word of God
παραδόσει	παράδοσις	G3862	tradition (dative)
παρόμοια τοιαῦτα πολλὰ	--	G3946/G5108/G4183	"similar such things many"

Verification of Bohr claim: "many such like things do ye" (KJV) = παρόμοια τοιαῦτα πολλά. This is one of three broadening phrases: - 7:4: ἄλλα πολλά ("many other things") - 7:8: [KJV addition "as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do"] - 7:13: παρόμοια τοιαῦτα πολλά ("many similar such things")

Mark 7:15 (Core Teaching)¶

Greek: οὐδέν ἐστιν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς αὐτὸν ὃ δύναται κοινῶσαι αὐτόν· ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενά ἐστιν τὰ κοινοῦντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
κοινῶσαι	κοινόω	G2840	V-AAN Aor Act Inf ("to defile/make common")
κοινοῦντα	κοινόω	G2840	V-PAP-NPN Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl N ("the things defiling")

Both uses of "defile" = koinoo (G2840). No akathartos anywhere.

Mark 7:18-19 (The Disputed Verse)¶

Mark 7:18¶

Greek: ... πᾶν τὸ ἔξωθεν εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον οὐ δύναται αὐτὸν κοινῶσαι

κοινῶσαι = koinoo (G2840), V-AAN Aor Act Inf -- "to defile/make common"

Mark 7:19¶

Greek: ὅτι οὐκ εἰσπορεύεται αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν, καὶ εἰς τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκπορεύεται, καθαρίζων πάντα τὰ βρώματα;

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing	Significance
εἰσπορεύεται	εἰσπορεύομαι	G1531	V-PNI-3S Pres M/P Ind	"it enters"
καρδίαν	καρδία	G2588	N-ASF Acc Sg F	"heart"
κοιλίαν	κοιλία	G2836	N-ASF Acc Sg F	"belly/stomach"
ἀφεδρῶνα	ἀφεδρών	G856	N-ASM Acc Sg M	"draught/latrine" (MASCULINE)
ἐκπορεύεται	ἐκπορεύομαι	G1607	V-PNI-3S Pres M/P Ind	"goes out"
καθαρίζων	καθαρίζω	G2511	V-PAP-NSM Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg MASCULINE	"purging/cleansing"
πάντα	πᾶς	G3956	A-APN Acc Pl NEUTER	"all"
τὰ	ὁ	G3588	T-APN Acc Pl NEUTER	article
βρώματα	βρῶμα	G1033	N-APN Acc Pl NEUTER	"foods/meats"

CRITICAL GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS: - καθαρίζων is Nominative Singular MASCULINE (NSM) - βρώματα is Accusative Plural NEUTER (APN) - Gender mismatch: a masculine participle cannot directly modify a neuter noun - Possible subjects for the masculine participle: 1. The digestive process/elimination described (going into draught) -- conceptually masculine 2. ἀφεδρῶνα (aphedrōn, "latrine") is MASCULINE -- though in accusative not nominative 3. The implied "it" referring to the process of eating/digestion - The participle is NOT likely referring to Jesus as subject because: (a) The immediate subject is food entering the belly (b) No speech verb ("declared") is present (c) The sentence is a question (ends with ?)

Mark 7:20-23 (The Explanation)¶

Mark 7:20¶

Greek: ἔλεγεν δὲ ὅτι Τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενον, ἐκεῖνο κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον. κοινοῖ = koinoo (G2840), V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind -- "defiles"

Mark 7:21-22 (Sin List)¶

From the heart proceed: διαλογισμοί κακοί (evil thoughts, G1261), πορνεῖαι (fornications, G4202), κλοπαί (thefts, G2829), φόνοι (murders, G5408), μοιχεῖαι (adulteries, G3430), πλεονεξίαι (covetousness, G4124), πονηρίαι (wickedness, G4189), δόλος (deceit, G1388), ἀσέλγεια (lasciviousness, G766), ὀφθαλμὸς πονηρός (evil eye, G3788/G4190), βλασφημία (blasphemy, G988), ὑπερηφανία (pride, G5243), ἀφροσύνη (foolishness, G877)

Mark 7:23¶

Greek: πάντα ταῦτα τὰ πονηρὰ ἔσωθεν ἐκπορεύεται καὶ κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον. κοινοῖ = koinoo (G2840), V-PAI-3S Pres Act Ind -- "defiles"

Matthew 15:17-20 (Synoptic Parallel)¶

Matthew 15:17¶

Greek: οὐ νοεῖτε ὅτι πᾶν τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν χωρεῖ καὶ εἰς ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκβάλλεται;

ἐκβάλλεται (G1544) = "is cast out" (Pres Pass Ind) -- vs. Mark's ἐκπορεύεται ("goes out") Matthew lacks the katharizōn participle entirely.

Matthew 15:18¶

Greek: τὰ δὲ ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ἐκ τῆς καρδίας ἐξέρχεται, κἀκεῖνα κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον. κοινοῖ = koinoo (G2840) -- same defilement word as Mark

Matthew 15:20¶

Greek: ταῦτά ἐστιν τὰ κοινοῦντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον· τὸ δὲ ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν φαγεῖν οὐ κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Significance
κοινοῦντα	κοινόω	G2840	"the things defiling" (PAP-NPN)
ἀνίπτοις	ἄνιπτος	G449	"unwashed" (A-DPF)
χερσὶν	χείρ	G5495	"hands"
φαγεῖν	ἐσθίω	G5315	"to eat" (Aor Act Inf)
κοινοῖ	κοινόω	G2840	"defiles"

Matthew's explicit conclusion: "to eat with unwashed hands does NOT defile the man." This directly answers the original question (Matt 15:2) about handwashing. No mention of food laws being abolished.

Acts 10:14-15 (Peter's Vision)¶

Acts 10:14¶

Greek: ὁ δὲ Πέτρος εἶπεν Μηδαμῶς, Κύριε, ὅτι οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινὸν καὶ ἀκάθαρτον.

Word	Strong's	Significance
Μηδαμῶς	G3365	"In no way!/By no means!" (emphatic refusal)
οὐδέποτε	G3763	"NEVER, not at any time"
ἔφαγον	G5315	"I have eaten" (Aor Act Ind 1S)
κοινὸν	G2839	"common/profane"
καὶ	G2532	"AND" (treating them as distinct)
ἀκάθαρτον	G169	"unclean" (Levitically)

Peter uses BOTH koinos AND akathartos, joined by kai ("and"), treating them as two distinct categories.

Acts 10:15¶

Greek: Ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν σὺ μὴ κοίνου.

Word	Strong's	Parsing	Significance
ἐκαθάρισεν	G2511	V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind	"God cleansed" (katharizo)
κοίνου	G2840	V-PAM-2S Pres Act Impv	"do not call common" (koinoo)

God uses katharizo (cleansed) paired with koinoo (call common) -- NOT akathartos.

Acts 10:28 (Peter's Interpretation)¶

Greek: κἀμοὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἔδειξεν μηδένα κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον λέγειν ἄνθρωπον

Peter applies the vision to PEOPLE (anthrōpon = "man/person"), not food: - "God hath shewed me that I should not call any MAN common or unclean"

Acts 11:8-9 (Peter's Retelling)¶

Acts 11:8¶

Greek: εἶπον δέ Μηδαμῶς, Κύριε, ὅτι κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον οὐδέποτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στόμα μου.

Uses ἢ ("or") instead of καί ("and") -- but still lists both koinos and akathartos as distinct categories. Uses oudepote again.

Acts 11:9¶

Greek: Ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν σὺ μὴ κοίνου. Identical to Acts 10:15 -- katharizo + koinoo, no akathartos.

Romans 14:14¶

Greek: οἶδα καὶ πέπεισμαι ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ ὅτι οὐδὲν κοινὸν δι' ἑαυτοῦ· εἰ μὴ τῷ λογιζομένῳ τι κοινὸν εἶναι, ἐκείνῳ κοινόν.

Word	Strong's	Count	Significance
κοινὸν	G2839	3x	"common/profane" -- all three occurrences use koinos, NOT akathartos

Paul says nothing is koinos "of itself" (di' heautou) -- the defilement is in the reckoning (logizomai), not in the object's nature. This is the same principle as Mark 7: external things don't create koinos-defilement inherently.